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Use of Scrapped Rubber Tires for Sustainable Construction of Manhole Covers

Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第5期9卷 1013-1029页

作者： Sadaqat Ullah Khan Afzal ahmed Sajjad Ali Ayesha Ayub ahmed shuja Muhammad Ahsan Shahid Department of Urban and Infrastructure Engineering NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi75270Pakistan

Scrapped tires from vehicles are produced in large quantities. Despite numerous existing uses of scrapped tires, alarge quantity ends up at the landfill sites, which contributes to environmental degradation. The development ofmore applications of scrapped tire usage can reduce the disposal of tires at landfill sites. This research proposes anovel use of scrapped tires by using the strips taken from scrapped tires in replacement of steel bars as reinforcement. Manhole covers were produced using scrapped tires by completely replacing the steel with scrapped *** different samples of manhole covers were prepared and tested. The highest bearing capacity of 25.5 kN wasrecorded with a sample of 100 mm thickness made with cementitious composite, which is 2.25 times higher thanthe bearing capacity of a conventional reinforced-concrete manhole cover. The use of manhole covers made withscrapped tires can effectively address the theft issue of manhole covers. The lifecycle cost analysis shows that themanhole cover made with scrapped tires is 3.4 times more cost-effective in comparison with the conventionalmanhole cover. This research shows a new avenue of the potential use of scrapped tires as reinforcement in structures, which can improve sustainable construction practices.

关键词： Scrapped tires sustainability manhole cover waste management recycling

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Nature of Conflicts, Tensions and Exploitation in Sharecropping in Rural Sindh

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2013年第8期3卷 482-489页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Anwaar Mohyuddin shuja ahmed Department of Anthropology Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Pakistan Study Centre University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

This paper explains the causes of conflicts and tensions in sharecropping relationships, the nature and level of exploitation. It explains the immediate as well as root causes of conflicts that emerge between sharecroppers and landlords. Life-world of peasants of Sindh has been explored at village, sub-regional and regional level. It was found that the historical systemic structures of exploitation still exist in its refined form in peasant life-world. Peasant life within village and among village peasants is relatively peaceful. Conflicts emerge or take serious turn when outside systemic agents get involved in issues related to sharecropper and landlord. Historically property rights given to big landlords and feudal lords by imperialistic forces while snatching the indigenous right of peasants to self-cultivation, is the root cause that has spawned several sub-systemic pathologies in the life-world of peasants. Absentee landlordism, Kamdaari system, debt bondage, social bondage, system of Kann, landlessness, adulterated hybrid seeds, and issues of Sanad are some of the sub-systemic evils that have emerged over the years. All such sub-systemic structures put bigger and influential landlords into strategic advantage over the sharecroppers, particularly landless peasants;the imbalance that perpetuates “permanent liminality” suppresses reciprocal dialogues and discourages mutual negotiations. Outside systemic factors like SHO-Landlord nexus or Feudal-Police-Tapedar troika play central role in conflict creation and exacerbation in landlord-sharecropper relationship leading to bloody conflicts, caste wars, tribal feuds and honor-killings, thus, further differentiating and alienating life-world and the system rural Sindh.

关键词： Life-World Rationality Conflict Sharecroppers Exploitation Liminality

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胰腺癌的手术治疗现状

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中国普通外科杂志 2013年第9期22卷 1105-1113页

作者： Charles B.Kim shuja ahmed Eddy C.Hsueh 王卓路(编译) 李新营(编译) 美国密苏里州圣路易斯圣·路易斯大学外科不详

整块切除是局限性胰腺癌的治疗方法之一。切除相关围手术期病死率低,但在某些高风险患者中其并发症发生率高达50%。随着围手术期治疗护理水平的提高,包括毗邻血管的可获得阴性切缘的根治性切除已在大型医院里实施,早前在胰腺手术中使用... 详细信息

整块切除是局限性胰腺癌的治疗方法之一。切除相关围手术期病死率低,但在某些高风险患者中其并发症发生率高达50%。随着围手术期治疗护理水平的提高,包括毗邻血管的可获得阴性切缘的根治性切除已在大型医院里实施,早前在胰腺手术中使用微创技术的结果表明其应用前景良好。最新的关于如何降低胰腺相关手术围手术期并发症的数据,在此也将得到讨论。

关键词：胰十二指肠切除术胰体尾切除术腹腔镜胰腺手术

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