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DPAL-BERT:A Faster and Lighter Question Answering Model

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 771-786页

作者： Lirong Yin Lei Wang Zhuohang Cai Siyu Lu Ruiyang Wang ahmed AlSanad Salman A.AlQahtani Xiaobing Chen Zhengtong Yin Xiaolu Li Wenfeng Zheng Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud UniversityRiyadh11574Saudi Arabia School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China School of Geographical Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China

Recent advancements in natural language processing have given rise to numerous pre-training language models in question-answering ***,with the constant evolution of algorithms,data,and computing power,the increasing size and complexity of these models have led to increased training costs and reduced *** study aims to minimize the inference time of such models while maintaining computational *** also proposes a novel Distillation model for PAL-BERT(DPAL-BERT),specifically,employs knowledge distillation,using the PAL-BERT model as the teacher model to train two student models:DPAL-BERT-Bi and *** research enhances the dataset through techniques such as masking,replacement,and n-gram sampling to optimize knowledge *** experimental results showed that the distilled models greatly outperform models trained from *** addition,although the distilled models exhibit a slight decrease in performance compared to PAL-BERT,they significantly reduce inference time to just 0.25%of the *** demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in balancing model performance and efficiency.

关键词： DPAL-BERT question answering systems knowledge distillation model compression BERT Bi-directional long short-term memory(BiLSTM) knowledge information transfer PAL-BERT training efficiency natural language processing

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Molecular characterization of an outbreak-involved Bacillus anthracis strain confirms the spillover of anthrax from West Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 93-94页

作者： Shuchao Wang Roland Suluku Mohamed B.Jalloh ahmed F.Samba Baogui Jiang Yubiao Xie Doris Harding Mengyao Zhang Foday Sahr Mahmud E.Sesay James S.Squire Mohamed A.Vandi Moinina n.Kallon Shoufeng Zhang Rongliang Hu Yuee Zhao Zhiqiang Mi Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China Department of Animal Sciences School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Microbiology College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sciences Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China Ministry of Health and Sanitation Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China

Background Anthrax,a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis,remains a major global public health concern,especially in countries with limited *** Leone,a West African country historically plagued by anthrax,has almost been out of report on this disease in recent *** this study,we described a large-scale anthrax outbreak affecting both animals and humans and attempted to characterize the *** The causative agent of the animal outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,between March and May 2022 was identified using the nanopore sequencing technique.A nationwide active surveillance was implemented from May 2022 to June 2023 to monitor the occurrence of anthrax-specific symptoms in *** cases were subsequently verified using quantitative polymerase chain ***-genome sequencing was accomplished by combining long-read and short-read sequencing *** phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the full-chromosome single nucleotide *** The outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,led to the death of 233 animals between March 26th and May 16th,*** ruled out the initial suspicion of Anaplasma species and successfully identified *** as the causative agent of the *** a result of the government's prompt response,out of the 49 suspected human cases identifed during the one-year active surveillance,only 6 human cases tested positive,all within the frst month after the official declaration of the *** phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BaSL2022 isolate responsible for the outbreak was positioned in the ***.153 clade within the TransEuroAsian group of *** We successfully identifed a large-scale anthrax outbreak in Sierra *** causative isolate of ***,BaSL2022,phylogenetically bridged other lineages in ***.153 clade and neighboring genetic groups,***.144 and ***.148,

关键词： Molecular identification Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Sierra Leone Phylogeny Single nucleotide polymorphism

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Structure-based discovery of *** phytochemicals as potential inhibitors against Monkeypox(mpox)viral protein

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2024年第3期6卷 157-169页

作者： Ranjan K.Mohapatra ahmed Mahal Pranab K.Mohapatra Ashish K.Sarangi Snehasish Mishra Meshari A.Alsuwat nada n.Alshehri Sozan M.Abdelkhalig Mohammed Garout Mohammed Aljeldah Ahmad A.Alshehri ahmed Saif Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani Ali S.Alqahtani Yahya A.Almutawif Hamza M.A.Eid Faisal M Albaqami Mohnad Abdalla Ali A.Rabaan Department of Chemistry Government College of EngineeringKeonjhar 758002OdishaIndia Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis College of Health TechnologyCihan University–ErbilErbilKurdistan RegionIraq Department of Chemistry CV Raman Global UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia Department of Chemistry School of Applied SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBalangirOdishaIndia School of Biotechnology Campus-11KIIT Deemed-to-be-UniversityBhubaneswar 751024OdishaIndia Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesTaif UniversityAl-Taif 21974Saudi Arabia Internal Medicine Department King Khalid University Medical CityCollege of MedicineAbha 61481Saudi Arabia Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of MedicineAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims Faculty of MedicineUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 21955Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesUniversity of Hafr Al BatinHafr Al Batin 39831Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61481Saudi Arabia mDepartment of Medical Laboratories Technology College of Applied Medical SciencesTaibah UniversityMadinah 41411Saudi Arabia Biology Department College of ScienceIslamic University of MadinahMadinah 42351Saudi Arabia Pediatric Research Institute Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250022China Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory Johns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahran 31311Saudi Arabia College of Medicine Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh 11533Saudi Arabia Department of Public Health and nutrition The University of HaripurHaripur 22610Pakistan

Outbreaks of Monkeypox(mpox)in over 100 non-endemic countries in 2022 represented a serious global health *** a neglected disease,mpox has become a global public health issue.A42R profilinlike protein from mpox(PDB ID:4QWO)represents a potential new lead for drug development and may interact with various synthetic and natural *** this report,the interaction of A42R profilinlike protein with six phytochemicals found in the medicinal plant Ficus religiosa(abundant in India)was *** on the predicted and compared protein–ligand binding energies,biological properties,IC_(50) values and toxicity,two compounds,kaempferol(C-1)and piperine(C-4),were *** characteristics and quantitative structure–activity relationship(QSAR)of these two compounds were determined,and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were *** silico examination of the kaempferol(C-1)and piperine(C-4)interactions with A42R profilin-like protein gave best-pose ligandbinding energies of–6.98 and–5.57 kcal/mol,*** predicted IC_(50) of C-1 was 7.63 lM and 82 lM for *** data indicated that kaempferol and piperine are non-mutagenic,and the QSAR data revealed that piperlongumine(5.92)and piperine(5.25)had higher log P values than the other compounds *** simulations of A42R profilin-like protein in complex with C-1 and C-4 were performed to examine the stability of the ligand–protein ***/C and C-4 showed the highest affinity and activities,they may be suitable lead candidates for developing mpox therapeutic *** study should facilitate discovering and synthesizing innovative therapeutics to address other infectious diseases.

关键词： Monkeypox Mpox Phytochemical Molecular docking MD simulation ADMET QSAR

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Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-characterized extract of Aerides odorata Lour alleviates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in animal model evidenced by biochemical,molecular, and computational studi

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第04期 497-522页

作者： A.M.Abu ahmed Md.Atiar Rahman Farjana Sharmen A.S.M.Ali Reza Md.Shahidul Islam Md.Mamunur Rashid Md.Khalid Juhani Rafi Tanvir ahmed Siddiqui Md.Muzahid ahmed Ezaj Srabonti Saha Md.nazim Uddin Walla Alelwani Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Chittagong Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Chittagong Department of Pharmacy I nternational Islami University Chittagong Institute of Food Science and Technology Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Department of Biochemistry College of ScienceUniversity of Jeddah

Background : Many kinds of orchids have significant health benefits although adequate research on their biological functions is yet to be carried out. This study investigated the paracetamol-i nduced liver damage–protecting effect of epiphytic Aerides odorata methanol extract(AODE).Methods : The protective effects of AODE were studied by analyzing its effect on liver function parameters, messenger RnA(mRnA) expression, and tissue histopathological architecture. The results were confirmed by ligand–receptor interaction of molecular docking and multitarget interaction of network pharmacological *** : AODE significantly( p nimized the dose-dependent increase in acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin compared to the reference drug silymarin. Malondialdehyde level decreased, and the antioxidant genes catalase( CAT), superoxide dismutase( SOD), β-actin, paraoxonase-1( POn1),and phosphofructokinase-1( PFK-1) were upregulated in AODE-treated paracetamolintoxicated rats. A total of 376 compounds comprising phenols and flavonoids were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole timeof-flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-qTOF-MS). The online toxicity assessment using SwissADME and admetSAR exhibited drug-l ike, nontoxic, and potential pharmacological properties. Additionally, in silico analysis showed that isoacteoside, one of the identified compounds, exhibited the best docking score(-11.42) with the liver protein human pituitary adenylate cyclase-1(Protein Data Bank ID: 3n94). Furthermore,network pharmacology analysis identified the top 10 hub genes, namely AKT1(protein kinase B), CTnnB1(catenin beta-1), SRC(proto-oncogene c-Src), TnF(tumor necrosis factor), EGFR(epidermal growth factor receptor), HSP90AA1( heat shock protein 90α),MAPK3(mitogen-activated protein kinase 3), STAT3(signal transducer and activator

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Advancements in prokaryotic systematics and the role of Bergey's International Society for Microbial Systematics in addressing challenges in the meta-data era

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national Science Review 2024年第07期11卷 292-304页

作者： Jian-Yu Jiao Rashidin Abdugheni Dao-Feng Zhang Iftikhar ahmed Mukhtiar Ali Maria Chuvochina Svetlana n.Dedysh Xiuzhu Dong Markus G?ker Brian P.Hedlund Philip Hugenholtz Kamlesh Jangid Shuang-Jiang Liu Edward R.B.Moore Manik Prabhu narsing Rao Aharon Oren Ramon Rossello-Mora Bhagwan narayan Rekadwad nimaichand Salam Wensheng Shu Iain C.Sutcliffe Wee Fei Aaron Teo Martha E.Trujillo Stephanus n.Venter William B.Whitman Guoping Zhao Wen-Jun Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization&College of Oceanography Hohai University national Culture Collection of Pakistan(nCCP) Land Resources Research Institute(LRRI) National Agricultural Research Centre(NARC) The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Australian Centre for Ecogenomics Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology Research Center of BiotechnologyRussian Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Leibniz Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures School of Life Sciences University of Nevada nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine University of Nevada Bioenergy Group MACS Collection of Microorganisms Agharkar Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Department of Infectious Disease Institute for Biomedicine and Culture Collection University of Gothenburg(CCUG) Institute for BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Chile The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Edmond J.Safra Campus The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Marine Microbiology Group Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(IMEDEA CSIC-UIB) MicrobeAI Lab Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology Yenepoya Research Centre Yenepoya(Deemed to be University) national Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute Institute of Ecological Science Sch

Prokaryotes are ubiquitous in the biosphere, important for human health and drive diverse biological and environmental processes. Systematics of prokaryotes, whose origins can be traced to the discovery of microorganisms in the 17th century, has transitioned from a phenotype-based classification to a more comprehensive polyphasic taxonomy and eventually to the current genome-based taxonomic *** transition aligns with a foundational shift from studies focused on phenotypic traits that have limited comparative value to those using genome sequences. In this context, Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria(BMSAB) and Bergey's International Society for Microbial Systematics(BISMiS) play a pivotal role in guiding prokaryotic systematics. This review focuses on the historical development of prokaryotic systematics with a focus on the roles of BMSAB and BISMiS. We also explore significant contributions and achievements by microbiologists, highlight the latest progress in the field and anticipate challenges and opportunities within prokaryotic systematics. Additionally, we outline five focal points of BISMiS that are aimed at addressing these challenges. In conclusion, our collaborative effort seeks to enhance ongoing advancements in prokaryotic systematics, ensuring its continued relevance and innovative characters in the contemporary landscape of genomics and bioinformatics.

关键词： prokaryotic systematics Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB) Bergey's International Society for Microbial Systematics (BISMiS) meta-data era

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Heterogeneously elevated branched-chain/aromatic amino acids among new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus patients are potentially skewed diabetes predictors

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 53-71页

作者： Min Wang Yang Ou Xiang-Lian Yuan Xiu-Fang Zhu Ben niu Zhuang Kang Bing Zhang Anwar ahmed Guo-Qiang Xing Heng Su School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091Yunnan ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceKunming 650032Yunnan ProvinceChina Clinical Laboratory Nanchong Central Hospital&The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical UniversityNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMD 20814United States The Affiliated Hospital and Second Clinical Medical College North Sichuan Medical UniversityNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Research and Development Lotus *** LLCGaithersburgMD 20878United States

BACKGROUnD The lack of specific predictors for type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)severely impacts early intervention/prevention *** branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs:Isoleucine,leucine,valine)and aromatic amino acids(AAAs:Tyrosine,tryptophan,phenylalanine)show high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes in animals and predict T2DM 10-19 years before T2DM onset in clinical ***,improvement is needed to support its clinical *** To evaluate the effects of body mass index(BMI)and sex on BCAAs/AAAs in new-onset T2DM individuals with varying body *** ninety-seven new-onset T2DM patients(ng in BMI[normal weight(nW),n=33,BMI=22.23±1.60;overweight,n=42,BMI=25.9±1.07;obesity(OB),n=22,BMI=31.23±2.31]from the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming,China,were ***-way and 2-way AnOVAs were conducted to determine the effects of BMI and sex on BCAAs/*** Fasting serum AAAs,BCAAs,glutamate,and alanine were greater and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)was lower(Pn OB-T2DM patients than in nW-T2DM patients,especially in male OB-T2DM ***,histidine,leucine,methionine,and lysine were greater in male patients than in female ***,histidine,alanine,glutamate,lysine,valine,methionine,leucine,isoleucine,tyrosine,phenylalanine,and tryptophan were significantly correlated with abdominal adiposity,body weight and BMI,whereas isoleucine,leucine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with *** Heterogeneously elevated amino acids,especially BCAAs/AAAs,across new-onset T2DM patients in differing BMI categories revealed a potentially skewed prediction of T2DM *** higher BCAA/AAA levels in obese T2DM patients would support T2DM prediction in obese individuals,whereas the lower levels of BCAAs/AAAs in nW-T2DM individuals may underestimate T2DM risk in nW *** potentially skewed T2DM prediction should be considered when BCAAs/AAAs are to

关键词： Hyperaminoacidemia Branched-chain/aromatic amino acids new-onset type-2 diabetes Predictor Obesity Sex

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加速康复外科对初次全膝关节置换术后血液管理的影响：倾向评分匹配分析

加速康复外科对初次全膝关节置换术后血液管理的影响：倾向评分匹...

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作者： Mogalli Abdullah Saleh Hussein ahmed 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

背景:全膝关节置换术(TKA)是缓解慢性膝关节炎患者关节疼痛和增强关节功能的重要手段。TKA的并发症常常与大量失血相关,并直接导致术后血红蛋白水平下降,从而高达69%的患者需要异体输血来应对术后贫血。这已被证明是增加不良结果风险的... 详细信息

背景:全膝关节置换术(TKA)是缓解慢性膝关节炎患者关节疼痛和增强关节功能的重要手段。TKA的并发症常常与大量失血相关,并直接导致术后血红蛋白水平下降,从而高达69%的患者需要异体输血来应对术后贫血。这已被证明是增加不良结果风险的独立因素,包括延长住院时间和增加术后感染的易感性。由丹麦学者Henrik Kehlet于1997年首次提出的加速康复外科(ERAS)已成为现代外科实践中的一个关键方法。ERAS最初在腹部手术中实施,逐渐扩展到包括骨科和泌尿科在内的各个医学专业。然而,尽管ERAS方案的采用日益增加,系统评估关节置换术后的血液指标仍然有限。这种多方面的策略在减轻手术压力、加速术后恢复、减少住院时间和提高整体功能结果方面发挥着重要作用,同时保持低并发症率。之前的研究已证明ERAS在减少失血和优化全髋关节置换术结果方面的有效性。问题是这些发现是否也适用于TKA。THA和TKA之间的关键区别,包括患者人口统计学、手术时间和软组织损伤程度,强调了优化每项手术中患者护理的需要。TKA患者通常比THA患者平均年龄更大,皮肤对皮肤时间更长,并且由于股骨和胫骨截骨术,软组织损伤增加。ERAS方案有效控制围手术期失血量。ERAS组术后CRP和ESR水平较低,表明炎症和凝血活动减少,这可能归因于ERAS计划提供的全面护理,其中包括人性化和以患者为中心的干预措施,以减轻焦虑。ERAS手术已显示出相当大的好处,例如通过利用术前优化、术中程序和术后管理等循证策略,最大限度地减少围手术期失血、降低并发症和改善营养状况。WOMAC、OKS和SF-12的理想结果表明ERAS方案有利于改善术后短期内的短期恢复和生活质量结果。目的:评估在加速康复外科(ERAS)下进行单侧全膝关节置换术(TKA)的患者的血液指标管理效果。材料与方法:回顾性研究了2019年1月至2023年10月在我们医院接受单侧TKA的患者。通过使用0.2校准器进行倾向评分匹配后,这些病例被分为两组:非ERAS组(n=51)接受标准护理,ERAS组(n=51)接受全面ERAS管理。术后比较了主要血液参数/血液指标,同时在第3个月随访时也评估了临床结果。结果:ERAS组术后Hb明显高于非ERAS组(P<0.05)。非ERAS组术前ESR明显高,而ERAS组CRP明显低于非ERAS组(P<0.05)。ERAS组的LOS和Alb明显少于非ERAS组(P<0.05)。WOMAC和OKS得分在第1个月和第3个月均在ERAS组。结论:ERAS方案在术后第一天到第三个月的术后期间提供了良好且现实的临床和功能结果,对接受单侧初次TKA的患者满意度很高。此外,ERAS方案已被证明可以有效减少围手术期失血、最大限度地减少术后并发症并维持这些患者的最佳营养水平。

关键词：全膝关节置换术快速康复血液管理住院时间并发症随访

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Optimizing magneto-ionic performance in structure/composition-engineered ternary nitrides

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第4期10卷 870-879页

作者： Zheng Ma P.Monalisha Zhengwei Tan Eva Pellicer Maciej O.Liedke Maik Butterling ahmed G.Attallah Eric Hirschmann Andreas Wagner Fatima Ibrahim Mairbek Chshiev Enric Menndez Jordi Sort Departament de Física Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del Vallès08193Spain Institute of Radiation Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresden01328Germany University of Grenoble Alpes CEACNRSSPINTECGrenoble38000France Institut Universitaire de France Paris75231France InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats(ICREA) Pg.Lluís Companys 23Barcelona08010Spain

Magneto-ionics,an emerging approach to manipulate magnetism that relies on voltage-driven ion motion,holds the promise to boost energy efficiency in information technologies such as spintronic devices or future non-von neumann computing *** this purpose,stability,reversibility,endurance,and ion motion rates need to be synergistically *** various ions,nitrogen has demonstrated superior magneto-ionic performance compared to classical species such as oxygen or ***,we show that ternary Co1−xFexn compound exhibits an unprecedented nitrogen magneto-ionic *** substitution of Co by Fe in binary Con is shown to be favorable in terms of generated magnetization,cyclability and ion motion ***,the Co_(0.3)5Fe_(0.6)5n films exhibit an induced saturation magnetization of 1,500 emu/cm^(3),a magneto-ionic rate of 35.5 emu/(cm^(3)·s)and endurance exceeding 103 *** values significantly surpass those of other existing nitride and oxide *** improvement can be attributed to the larger saturation magnetization of Co_(0.35)Fe_(0.65) compared to individual Co and Fe,the nature and size of structural defects in as-grown films of different composition,and the dissimilar formation energies of Fe and Co with n in the various developed crystallographic structures.

关键词： Voltage control of magnetism Magneto-ionics Electrolyte gating Ternary nitrides Ion transport

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Local excision of early rectal cancer: A multi-centre experience of transanal endoscopic microsurgery from the United Kingdom

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第10期16卷 3114-3122页

作者： ahmed Farid Matthew Tutton Prem Thambi TS Gill Jim Khan Department of General Surgery Oncology Center Mansoura UniversityCairo 11432Egypt Department of Colorectal Surgery East Suffolk and North Essex NHS TrustColchester CO11AAEssexUnited Kingdom Department of Colorectal Surgery Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS TrustPortsmouth PO63LYHampshireUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University Hospital of North TeesStockton on Tees TS18-TS21DarlingtonUnited Kingdom Department of General Surgery Portsmouth Hospitals NHS TrustQueen Alexandra HospitalPortsmouth PO63LYHampshireUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUnD Total mesorectal excision remains the gold standard for the management of rectal cancer however local excision of early rectal cancer is gaining popularity due to lower morbidity and higher acceptance by the elderly and frail *** To investigate the results of local excision of rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEMS)approach carried out at three large cancer centers in the United *** TEMS database was retrospectively reviewed to assess demographics,operative findings and post operative clinical and oncological *** is a retro-spective review of the prospective databases,which included all patients operated with TEMS approach,for early rectal cancer(node-negative T1-T2),selected T3 in unfit/frail *** Two hundred and twenty-two patients underwent TEMS *** included 144 males(64.9%)and 78 females(35.1%),Median age was 71 *** median distance of the tumours from the anal verge 4.5 *** tumour size was 2.6 *** most frequent operative position of the patient was lithotomy(32.3%),Full-thickness rectal wall excision was done in 204 *** operating time was 90 *** blood loss was *** were two 90-day *** excision of the tumour with free microscopic margins by>1mm were accomplished in 171 patients(76.7%).Salvage total mesorectal excision was performed in 42 patients(19.8%).Median disease-free survival was 65 months(range:3-146 months)(82.8%),and median overall survival was 59 months(0-146 months).COnCLUSIOn TEMS provides a promising option for early rectal cancers(Large adenomas-cT1/cT2n0),and selected therapy-responding ***-thickness complete excision of the tumour is mandatory to avoid jeopardising the oncological outcomes.

关键词： Local excision Transanal endoscopic microsurgery Early rectal cancer Rectum preservation Rectum saving

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InVESTIGATIOn OF DOMInAnT FREQUEnCIES In TRAnSITIOn REYnOLDS nUMBER RAnGE OF FLOW AROUnD A CIRCULAR CYLInDER PART I:EXPERIMEnTAL STUDY OF THE RELATIOn BETWEEn VORTEX SHEDDInG AnD TRAnSITIOn FREQUEnCIES

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2006年第3期19卷 159-167页

作者： ahmed n A School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of new South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia

A comprehensive hot wire investigation of the flow around a circular cylinder is carried out in an 18＂ × 18＂ wind tunnel to look into the dominant frequencies at the stagnation, separation and separated shear layers in the transition Reynolds number range. The majority of the experiments are carried out at Reynolds number of 4.5×104, with additional transition frequency tests at Reynolds numbers of 2.9×104, 3.3×104 and 9.7×104 respectively. The results are analysed in terms of power spectral density. While the frequency associated with stagnation is found to be essentially due to vortex shedding, frequency doubling of vortex shedding is also evident in the separated shear layers. Two peaks associated with transition frequencies are detected and their possible implications are presented.

关键词： Vortex shedding Transition Separated flow Power spectral density

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