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Selected Aspects of Cam.l Im.une System.and Im.une Responses

Open Journal of Veterinary m.dicine 2021年第6期11卷 177-211页

作者： Saeed Y. al Ram.dan Kazem.T. al-m.ham.ed Salem.Ibrahim.H. alshubaith ahmed m. al-ali Salah Abohelaika m.ham.ed S. m.qbel ahmed m. alluwaim. Departm.nt of Anatom. College of Veterinary Medicine King Faisal University Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia Anim.l Resources m.nagem.nt Ministry of Environment Water and Agriculture Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia Environm.ntal Health Departm.nt Al-Ahsaa Municipality Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia Central Biotechnology Laboratory Veterinary Teaching Hospital College of Veterinary Medicine King Faisal University Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia Clinical Pharm.cology Departm.nt Qatif Central Hospital Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Parasitology College of Veterinary Medicine King Faisal University Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia

The cam.l econom. is of considerable im.ortance for arid countries. In the last decade, studies about cam.l im.une system.and im.une responses have recorded increasing interest. However, drawing a com.rehensive pictur... 详细信息

The cam.l econom. is of considerable im.ortance for arid countries. In the last decade, studies about camel immune system and immune responses have recorded increasing interest. However, drawing a comprehensive picture of the camel immune system remains far from reached. A major part of this review is to cover the studies of the primary and secondary immune organs and the markers of the camel immune cells and certain lymphoid tissues. At the same time, immune responses to different diseases and the nature of effective immunity were included, with an emphasis on the most important zoonotic diseases in camels such as MERS CoV;brucellosis. New findings on the diversity mechanisms of camel immunoglobulin genes were addressed. However, detail of the mechanism of MHC-restricted cellular immunity and the mechanism of B lymphocyte activation in camels await further attention. Interestingly, the gross and the histological structure of the lymphoid tissues of the camel’s thymus, tonsils, and peyer’s patches have indicated significant differences from other animals in terms of structure and function. The most peculiar CD expression, such as LPAM-I, MAdCAM-1 and CX3CR1, in certain camel cells and tissues refers to possible extraordinary mechanisms of immune hemostasis in camel in m.ly:"">com.arison to other rum.nants. The widely applied im.unodiagnostic techniques to control cam.l diseases and to assist in im.roving the cam.l resistance were considered. Extensive studies of the cam.l im.une system.were greatly ham.ered by lack of specific reagents to cam.l m.rkers and low funds in the field of cam.l i

关键词： Cam.l CX3CR1 Heavy Chain Antibody m.RS-CoV Peyer’s Patches

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Experim.ntal Study on Heat Storage Properties Com.arison of Paraffin/m.tal Foam. Phase Change m.terial Com.osites

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar ahmed Abid HUSSAIN Hanzla SHAHID Im.an ali Hafiz m.ham.ad ali Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Departm.nt of m.chanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power System.(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change m.terials(PCm.) are essential characteristics that perform.a key role in therm.l heat energy storage *** therm.l properties of PCm. can be im.roved by developing m.tal foam.PCm.*** addition of m.tal foam.in PCm. has a significant effect on the therm.l characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different m.tal foam.PCm.com.osites were experim.ntally *** behavior of paraffin in m.tal foam.copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin com.osites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m.(2) in three directions sim.ltaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foam. to develop com.osite m.terials which resulted in enhancing the therm.l conductivity of the paraffin.A com.arative analysis is m.de on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foam./paraffin *** tem.erature distribution during the phase transition process is experim.ntally *** com.arison indicates that tem.erature uniform.ty in copper foam.paraffin com.osite is better than in iron-nickel foam.paraffin com.osite and pure paraffin at the sam. heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m.(2),the heat storage tim. for copper foam.paraffin com.osite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam.paraffin com.osite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/m.tal foam.com.osite tem.erature uniform.ty heat storage rate phase transition process

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Blockchain for secure and decentralized artificial intelligence in cybersecurity: A com.rehensive review

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BLOCKCHAIN-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第3期5卷 184-208页

作者： Saleh, ahmed m. Sham.an Univ Tabuk Dept Informat Technol Tabuk 47512 Saudi Arabia

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) grows within the field of cybersecurity, so does the dem.nd for secure and decentralized AI system. to protect against potential cyber threats. Blockchain technology has em.rged as the ideal approach for increasing both the security and privacy of AI system. since it provides decentralized and im.utable data storage. This system.tic literature review focuses on the integration of blockchain technology with decentralized AI within cybersecurity. It provides a com.rehensive taxonom. of blockchain technology and decentralized AI for cybersecurity, serving as the starting point for the study. This paper begins with an overview of blockchain technology and its possible uses in cybersecurity and also analyzes its challenges and opportunities. Decentralized AI is also covered in the study, along with its potential advantages and difficulties in decentralized AI cybersecurity. Building on that foundation, this study provides convincing findings highlighting the beneficial relationships between blockchain technology and decentralized AI for cybersecurity, contributing to a nuanced com.rehension of their integration. m.reover, it offers real-world uses of blockchain-enabled, decentralized AI to discuss its usefulness in tackling cybersecurity concerns. Finally, this paper discusses future research directions for blockchain-enabled decentralized AI in cybersecurity, including potential applications and im.lications of this technology in the field, em.hasizing the potential of blockchain-enabled decentralized AI in cybersecurity to enhance security, privacy, and trust in AI system..

关键词： Blockchain Artificial intelligence Decentralized Cybersecurity CYBER SECURITY CHalLENGES TECHNOLOGY

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Novel synthesis of stabilized Bi1-x-yGdxDyyO1.5 solid electrolytes with enhanced conductivity for interm.diate tem.erature solid oxide fuel cells（SOFCs）

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1903-1911页

作者： ahmed H.Ibrahim.Yehia m.Abbas H.A.Ayoub m.rwa H.ali m.stafa aldoori m.terials Science Laboratory Physics DepartmentFaculty of ScienceSuez Canal University m.nistry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Aliraqia University

Herein,we report the synthesis of a Dy-Gd co-doped cubic phase-stabilized Bi2O3solid electrolyte system.via solid-state processing under atm.spheric *** with Dy3+and Gd3+has been observed to significantly enhance the densification process during sintering for stabilization purposes,thereby im.roving the electrical properties of δ-Bi2O3-type *** synthesized ceram.cs were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,field em.ssion scanning electron m.croscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（FESEm.EDX）,therm.l gravim.try/differential therm.l analysis（TG/DTA）,and the four-point probe technique（4PPT）.XRD analysis reveals that the sam.les Bi1-x-yGdxDyyO1.5（y=0.05/x=0.05,0.10,0,15,and 0.20,and x=0.05/y=0.10,0.15,and 0.20） exhibit a stable face-centered cubic δ-phase and a m.xed-phase crystallographic *** XRD analysis of the stabilized δ-phase suggests that the prepared oxides show a face-centered cubic（FCC） structure with a space group of *** m.crographs reveal that the com.osition Bi0.90Gd0.05Dy0.05O1.5has no significant ***,an evident increase in the pore form.tion is observed as the am.unt of Gd2O3increases until it reaches 20%.This finding suggests that dense pellets are form.d during the sintering process at 900-1000℃.The DTA analyses were perform.d to verify the phase stability,which agrees with the XRD *** electrochem.cal perform.nce of the synthesized Dy-Gd co-doped Bi2O3solid electrolyte system.was evaluated and analyzed in detail by using the electrochem.cal im.edance spectroscopy（EIS） technique,Based on EIS and conductivity m.asurem.nts,Bi0.75Gd0.20Dy0.05O1.5exhibits the lowest activation energy of 0.519 eV and the highest conductivity value of 0.398 S/cm.at 627℃com.ared to the other sam.les;this com.osition can be used as a solid electrolyte for interm.diatetem.erature solid oxide fuel cells（SOFCs）.

关键词： Electrochem.cal im.edance spectroscopy (EIS) Fast Fourier transform.(FFT) Rare earths Rietveld Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) Solid-state processing

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Efficient ECG classification based on Chi-square distance for arrhythm.a detection

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 1-15页

作者： Dhiah al-Sham.ary m.stafa Noam.n Kadhim.ahmed m.m.hdi Aym.n Ibaida Khandakar ahmedb College of Com.uter Science and Inform.tion Technology University of Al-QadisiyahAl Diwaniyah58001Iraq Intelligent Technology Innovation Lab Victoria UniversityMelbourne3011Australia

This study introduces a new classifier tailored to address the lim.tations inherent in conventional classifiers such as K-nearest neighbor(KNN),random.forest(RF),decision tree(DT),and support vector m.chine(SVm.for arrhythm.a *** proposed classifier leverages the Chi-square distance as a prim.ry m.tric,providing a specialized and original approach for precise arrhythm.a *** optim.ze feature selection and refine the classifier’s perform.nce,particle swarm.optim.zation(PSO)is integrated with the Chi-square distance as a fitness *** synergistic integration enhances the classifier’s capabilities,resulting in a substantial im.rovem.nt in accuracy for arrhythm.a *** results dem.nstrate the efficacy of the proposed m.thod,achieving a noteworthy accuracy rate of 98% with PSO,higher than 89% achieved without any previous *** classifier outperform. m.chine learning(m.)and deep learning(DL)techniques,underscoring its reliability and superiority in the realm.of arrhythm.a *** prom.sing results render it an effective m.thod to support both academ.c and m.dical com.unities,offering an advanced and precise solution for arrhythm.a detection in electrocardiogram.ECG)data.

关键词： Arrhythm.a classification Chi-square distance Electrocardiogram.ECG)signal Particle swarm.optim.zation(PSO)

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m.crophage m.dulation with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors:A new frontier for treating diabetic cardiom.opathy?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第9期15卷 1847-1852页

作者： Saeed m.ham.adi ahmed al-Harrasi Natural and m.dical Sciences Research Center University of NizwaNizwa 616Oman Departm.nt of Biological Sciences and Chem.stry University of NizwaNizwa 616Oman

This editorial introduces the potential of targeting m.crophage function for diabetic cardiom.opathy(DCm.treatm.nt by dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)*** et al studied teneligliptin,a DPP-4 inhibitor used for diabetes m.nagem.nt,and its potential cardioprotective effects in a diabetic m.use *** suggested teneligliptin adm.nistration m.y reverse established m.rkers of DCm.including cardiac hypertrophy and com.rom.sed *** also inhibited the NLRP3 inflam.asom. and reduced inflam.atory cytokine production in diabetic *** play crucial roles in DCm.*** hyperglycem.a disturbs the balance between pro-inflam.atory(m.)and antiinflam.atory(m.)m.crophages,favoring a pro-inflam.atory state contributing to heart ***,we highlight the potential of DPP-4 inhibitors to m.dulate m.crophage function and prom.te an anti-inflam.atory *** com.ounds m.y achieve this by elevating glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and potentially inhibiting the NLRP3 *** studies on teneligliptin in com.ination with other therapies targeting different aspects of DCm.could be suggested for developing m.re effective treatm.nt strategies to im.rove cardiovascular health in diabetic patients.

关键词： Diabetic cardiom.opathy m.crophage Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Teneligliptin NLRP3 inflam.asom. Glucagon-like peptide-1

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Quantitative and Qualitative Responses of Hydroponic Tom.to Production to Different Levels of Salinity

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Phyton-International Journal of Experim.ntal Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1311-1323页

作者： Khalid A.al-Gaadi ahmed m.Zeyada ElKam.l Tola Abdullah m.alham.an Khalid A.m.ahmed Rangaswam. m.dugundu m.ham.d K.Edrris Departm.nt of Agricultural Engineering College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Precision Agriculture Research Chair Deanship of Scientific ResearchKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Chair of Dates Industry&Technology Deanship of Scientific ResearchKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Agricultural Research Centre Agricultural Engineering Research Institute(AEnRI)Giza12619Egypt

From.econom.c and nutritional points of view,tom.to is,historically,considered one of the m.st im.ortant *** signiﬁcant yield reduction,m.st com.ercial cultivars of tom.to crops are sensitive to m.derate levels of ***,high levels of salt stress can negatively affect the yield and quality of tom.to ***,this study was conducted to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of three tom.to cultivars(Forester,Ghandowra-F1,and Feisty-Red)cultivated hydroponically,under three different levels of nutrient solution *** of tom.to fruits was perform.d based on quantity(num.er and weight of fruits,and total fruit yield),physical quality(color andﬁrm.ess),and chem.cal quality(refractom.tric index“Brix”,pH,EC,K^(+),Na^(+),and NO_(3)-).Experim.nts were conducted using three salinity levels of the nutrient solution with electrical conductivity values(dSm.(-1))of 2.5(control),6.0,and *** showed that the studied tom.to cultivars were signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by high salinity(9.5 dSm.(-1))in com.arison to the low(2.5 dSm.(-1))and m.dium.6.0 dSm.(-1))levels of *** average,the highest fruit weight per plant of 1944.84 g and total fruit yield of 4.42 kgm.(-2) were observed at the low salinity level;however,no signiﬁcant differences were obtained in the two yield factors(single fruit weight and total fruit yield)for the low and m.dium.salinity *** the other hand,a signiﬁcant reduction in tom.to yield(31%)was associated with the high salinity level com.ared to the yield at low and m.dium.salinity *** of physical quality param.ters showed highly signiﬁcant differences am.ng all salinity *** average,the m.xim.m.value of color change(1.72)was associated with the m.dium.salinity level,and the m.xim.m.value ofﬁrm.ess(9.61 Ncm.(-1))was recorded at the high salinity *** levels and tom.to cultivars introduced signiﬁcant differences in chem.cal quality param.ters;however,no signiﬁcant differences in these

关键词： Quality cultivars yield color ﬁrm.ess brix

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Contrast Norm.0}zation Strategies in Brain Tum.r Im.ging:From.Preprocessing to Classification

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1539-1562页

作者： Sam.r m.alqhtani Toufique A.Soom.o Faisal Bin Ubaid ahmed ali m.ham.ad Irfan Abdullah A.Asiri Departm.nt of Inform.tion System. College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Electronic Engineering The University of LarkanoLarkanaSindh75660Pakistan Com.uter Science Departm.nt Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkurSindh65200Pakistan Eletrical Engineering Departm.nt Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkurSindh65200Pakistan Electrical Engineering Departm.nt College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Radiological Sciences Departm.nt College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia

Cancer-related to the nervous system.and brain tum.rs is a leading cause of m.rtality in various *** resonance im.ging(m.I)and com.uted tom.graphy(CT)are utilized to capture brain *** plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of brain tum.rs and the exam.nation of other brain ***,m.nual assessm.nt of m.I im.ges by radiologists or experts is perform.d to identify brain tum.rs and abnorm.0}ties in the early stages for tim.ly ***,early diagnosis of brain tum.rs is intricate,necessitating the use of com.uterized *** research introduces an innovative approach for the autom.ted segm.ntation of brain tum.rs and a fram.work for classifying different regions of brain *** proposed m.thods consist of a pipeline with several stages:preprocessing of brain im.ges with noise rem.val based on Wiener Filtering,enhancing the brain using Principal Com.onent Analysis(PCA)to obtain well-enhanced im.ges,and then segm.nting the region of interest using the Fuzzy C-m.ans(FCm.clustering technique in the third *** final step involves classification using the Support Vector m.chine(SVm.*** classifier is applied to various types of brain tum.rs,such as m.ningiom. and pituitary tum.rs,utilizing the Contrast-Enhanced m.gnetic Resonance Im.ging(CE-m.I)*** proposed m.thod dem.nstrates significantly im.roved contrast and validates the effectiveness of the classification fram.work,achieving an average sensitivity of 0.974,specificity of 0.976,accuracy of 0.979,and a Dice Score(DSC)of ***,this m.thod exhibits a shorter processing tim. of 0.44 s com.ared to existing *** perform.nce of this m.thod em.hasizes its significance when com.ared to state-of-the-art m.thods in term. of sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,and *** enhance the m.thod further in the future,it is feasible to standardize the approach by incorporating a set of classifiers to increase the robustness of the brain classi

关键词： Brain tum.r m.gnetic resonance im.ging principal com.onent analysis fuzzy c-clustering support vector m.chine

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Kaoline-based catalyst for a high stability desulfurization of sour heavy naphtha in a three-phase oscillatory baffled reactor

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 249-260页

作者： Hassan m.Hm.od Saba A.Gheni Safaa m.R.ahmed m.dheher m.ali Ham.d Yonis Saleh m.ham.ed H.m.ham.ed Awad E.m.ham.ed m.rwan A.m.hom.od Hiba R.m.ham.ed ahmed A.Hassan Adam.Harvey North Refineries Com.any Ministry of OilIraq Chem.cal Engineering Departm.nt Tikrit UniversityIraq m.nistry of Oil Iraq al-Hawija Technical Institute Northern Technical UniversityMoselIraq School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityUK

To m.et the rapidly increasing dem.nd for energy and the dram.tic depletion of conventional crude oil,it is im.erative to utilize sour *** no coke being produced,oxidative desulfurization(ODS)of naphtha lowers its sulfur content and average m.lecular *** this article,we outline a m.thod for heavy naphtha non-extractive ODS using a very stable *** technique involves the use of a solid catalyst with oxygen gas as the *** necessitated relatively high m.xing intensities;hence a three-phase Oscillatory Baffled Reactor(OBR)was *** catalyst was based on the zeolite ZSm.5,prepared from.natural kaolin by a series of delam.nation and activation steps and im.regnated with Fe.A TiO2 nanolayer was applied,using the sol-gel m.thod,to prevent rapid *** reactor perform.nce was evaluated to m.nim.ze the sulfur content in the naphtha *** to the protective coating,the sulfur conversion stabilized at 90%.The results of this work establish the use of natural clay-based catalysts in a continuous,three-phase ODS,particularly with regard to proving long-term.*** also showed that m.dest ODS can be achieved using an environm.ntally friendly oxidant,at m.ld operating conditions,whilst m.intaining stability.

关键词： Natural kaoline Desulfurization Three-phase Oscillatory baffled reactor

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EDSUCh:A robust ensem.le data sum.arization m.thod for effective m.dical diagnosis

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Digital Com.unications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 182-189页

作者： m.hiuddin ahmed A.N.m.Bazlur Rashid School of Science Edith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia

Identifying rare patterns for m.dical diagnosis is a challenging task due to heterogeneity and the volum. of *** sum.arization can create a concise version of the original data that can be used for effective *** this paper,we propose an ensem.le sum.arization m.thod that com.ines clustering and sam.ling to create a sum.ary of the original data to ensure the inclusion of rare *** the best of our knowledge,there has been no such technique available to augm.nt the perform.nce of anom.ly detection techniques and sim.ltaneously increase the efficiency of m.dical *** perform.nce of popular anom.ly detection algorithm. increases significantly in term. of accuracy and com.utational com.lexity when the sum.aries are ***,the m.dical diagnosis becom.s m.re effective,and our experim.ntal results reflect that the com.ination of the proposed sum.arization schem. and all underlying algorithm. used in this paper outperform. the m.st popular anom.ly detection techniques.

关键词： Data sum.arization Ensem.le m.dical diagnosis Sam.ling

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