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Sustainable bio-energy generation via the conversion of spent wash using dual chamber microbial fuel cell

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 219-231页

作者： Abdul Sattar Jatoi jawad ahmed Afaque ahmed Bhutto Muhammad Shuaib Shaikh Department of Chemical Engineering Dawood University of Engineering and Technology KarachiSindhPakistan Changzhou DUBO Polymer Co. Ltd.Changzhou 213002China Department of Basic Science and Related Studies The University of LarkanoSindhPakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology JamshoroSindhPakistan

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the *** such application is the treatment of spent wash,a highly polluting effluent generated from the distillery industry after crude mesh is separated into ethanol and spent *** wash,also known as distillery effluent or stillage,is a highly challenging wastewater treatment method due to its high chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD),and total dissolved solids(TDS).These characteristics make it a complex and polluting industrial effluent that requires specialized treatment processes to reduce its environmental impact ***,MFCs have shown promise in treating spent wash,as they can utilize the organic matter in wastewater as a fuel source for microbial growth as well as for electricity *** the treatment of spent wash,Saccharomyces cerevisiae *** used as a biocatalyst along with 340 mol/L potassium ferricyanide in the cathode chamber and 170 mol/L methylene blue in the anode as a *** tests were conducted by balancing a one-liter volume for power production from spent wash in MFC with the optimal conditions of 10%agarose,pH 8.5,300 mL/min of aeration in the cathode chamber,and 40%(in weight)substrate *** an ideal concentration,the maximum current and power density are roughly 53.41 mA/m^(2)and 72.22 mW/m^(2),*** each litre of processed spent wash,a maximum voltage of 850 mV(4.5 mA)was ***,91%of COD and BOD were removed from the effluent *** findings show that MFCs are capable of producing electricity and efficiently removing COD from wasted wash at the same time.

关键词： Microbial fuel cell Chemical oxygen demand Biological oxygen demand-Current density Power density Spent wash

Recent advances in the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 186-192页

作者： Taqwa ahmed jawad Ahmad Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States

Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is a major problem in the United States,commonly leading to hospital *** DILI is difficult as it is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring a temporal relationship between drug exposure and liver injury and a thorough work up for other *** addition,DILI has a very variable clinical and histologic presentation that can mimic many different etiologies of liver *** scoring systems can assess the probability that a drug caused the liver injury but liver biopsy findings are not part of the criteria used in these *** review will address some of the recent updates to the scoring systems and the role of liver biopsy in the diagnosis of DILI.

关键词： Drug induced liver injury Liver biopsy Diagnosis RUCAM RECAM

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflict-affected regions:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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General Psychiatry 2024年第3期37卷 324-334页

作者： Syed Hassan ahmed AabiaZakai Maha Zahi Muhammad Youshay jawad Rui Fu Michael Chaiton Dow University of Health Sciences KarachiPakistan Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada institute of Mental Health Policy Research The Center of Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada

Background Globally,populations afflicted by armed conflict are known to have high rates of mental health *** This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflictaffected *** This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.A literature search employing MEDLINE(R),Embase Classic+Embase,APA PsyclNFO,Ovid Healthstar,Journal@Ovid Full Text,Cochrane,PTSDpubs and CINAHL was conducted from inception until 19 March 2024 to identify relevant *** assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies,and a Comprehensive Meta-Analysiswas usedto conduct the statistical *** The search yielded 38595 articles,of which 57 were considered eligible for *** included studies comprised data from 64596 *** estimated a prevalence of 23.70%(95%CI 19.50%to28.40%)forPTSD symptomsand 25.60%(95%Cl 20.70%to 31.10%)for depressive features among war-afflicted *** subgroup analysis based on time since the war and the country's economic status revealed the highest prevalence for both PTSD and depressive symptoms was present during the years of war and in low/*** The results of this study provide conclusive evidence of the detrimental impacts of armed conflict on mental health ***,it is crucial to emphasise the significance of both physical and mental health in the aftermath of war and take appropriate humanistic measures to overcome challenges in the management of psychiatric illnesses.

关键词： analysis stress armed

A new approach towards the sustainability of urban-rural integration:The development strategy for central villages in the Abbasiya District of Iraq using GIS techniques

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第1期4卷 28-43页

作者： ahmed Hussein alLAWI Haider Mohammed jawad al-JAZAERI College of Physical Planning University of KufaNajaf54001Iraq

The development of rural areas usually has a positive impact on the urban-rural integration. This study explores an innovative approach to stimulate rural development by proposing qualified villages as central villages that can provide basic urban services for their residents and residents of neighboring villages. This approach can contribute to overcoming the various problems that rural areas faced at the social, economic, and environmental levels. It seeks to achieve spatial sustainability of rural areas, representing a new approach by integrating urban development methods to revitalize rural villages. The study analyzed 15 villages belonging to Abbasiya District of al Kufa City in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq. Based on the GIS techniques and the analysis of urban service indicators(village population, percentage of urban building materials used in villages, distance between village and health centers, distance between village and main roads, nature of economic activity, distance between village and educational institutions, distance between village and drinking water sources, number of communication towers, and distance between village and urban administrative center), this study proposed that Abu Gharb and albu Ghraib can served as central villages in Abbasiya District in the future. This study establishes a new rural spatial structure to achieve rural sustainable development, improves the development status of rural areas, and provides a theoretical basis for the government and relevant institutions to use urban service indicators, achieving rural sustainable development and formulating relevant development policies in Abbasiya District.

关键词： Central villages Spatial reorganization Rural sustainable development Urban-rural integration Urban service Abbasiya District Iraq

Proactive Load Balancing Mechanism for Fog Computing Supported by Parked Vehicles in IoV-SDN

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China Communications 2021年第2期18卷 271-289页

作者： ahmed jawad Kadhim Jaber Ibrahim Naser Ministry of Education General Directorate for Education in Al-QadisiyahAl-Qadisiyah 58002Iraq

Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is a new style of vehicular ad hoc network that is used to connect the sensors of each vehicle with each other and with other vehicles’sensors through the *** sensors generate different tasks that should be analyzed and processed in some given period of *** send the tasks to the cloud servers but these sending operations increase bandwidth consumption and *** computing is a simple cloud at the network edge that is used to process the jobs in a short period of time instead of sending them to cloud computing *** some situations,fog computing cannot execute some tasks due to lack of ***,in these situations it transfers them to cloud computing that leads to an increase in latency and bandwidth occupation ***,several fog servers may be fuelled while other servers are *** implies an unfair distribution of *** this research study,we shall merge the software defined network(SDN)with IoV and fog computing and use the parked vehicle as assistant fog computing *** can improve the capabilities of the fog computing layer and help in decreasing the number of migrated tasks to the cloud *** increases the ratio of time sensitive tasks that meet the *** addition,a new load balancing strategy is *** works proactively to balance the load locally and globally by the local fog managers and SDN controller,*** simulation experiments show that the proposed system is more efficient than VANET-Fog-Cloud and IoV-Fog-Cloud frameworks in terms of average response time and percentage of bandwidth consumption,meeting the deadline,and resource utilization.

关键词： IoV parked vehicles SDN fog computing load balancing

Quantitative Comparison of Calcium Hydroxide Removal by EndoActivator, Ultrasonic and ProTaper File Agitation Techniques: An in vitro Study

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2013年第1期33卷 142-145页

作者： Huda Yasir Khaleel ahmed jawad al-Ashaw 杨焰逄爱慧马净植 Department of Stomatology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Conservative Department College of DentistryMosul University

Calcium hydroxide （CH） dressing residues can compromise endodontic sealing. This study aimed to evaluate the amount of remaining CH in root canals after mechanical removal by four groups of irrigation techniques including needle irrigation only, ProTaper file, EndoActivator, and ultrasonic file. Fifteen extracted single-rooted teeth were collected and used for all four groups. The samples were firstly prepared by ProTaper rotary instruments, and then sectioned longitudinally through the long axis of the root canals, followed by final reassembling by wires. CH was kept in the canals for 7 days setting. The removal procedure began with 5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite （NaOC1） followed by 1 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and a final irrigation with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOC1 solution for all groups. No additional agitation of the irrigant was performed in group 1, while agitation for 20 s be- tween irrigants was done with F2 ProTaper rotary file in group 2, EndoActivator with tip size 25/.04 in group 3 and by an ultrasonic file 25/.02 in group 4. The total activation time was 60 s. The roots were then disassembled and captured by digital camera. The ratio of CH coated surface area to the surface area of the whole canal as well as each third of the canal was calculated. The data were statistically ana- lyzed by one-way ANOVA using post hoc Tukey test. Results showed that none of the four techniques could remove all CH. No significant difference was found between EndoActivator and ultrasonic tech- niques. However, they both removed significantly more CH than ProTaper and needle irrigation （P=0.0001）. In conclusion, the sonic and ultrasonic agitation techniques were more effective in removing intracanal medicaments than the ProTaper rotary file and needle irrigation in all thirds of the canal.

关键词： calcium hydroxide removal irrigation ProTaper EndoActivator ultrasonic

Anticoagulant use before COVID-19 diagnosis prevent COVID-19 associated acute venous thromboembolism or not:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 141-162页

作者： Kinza Iqbal Akshat Banga Taha Bin Arif Sawai Singh Rathore Abhishek Bhurwal Syeda Kisa Batool Naqvi Muhammad Mehdi Pankaj Kumar Mitali Madhu Salklan Ayman Iqbal jawad ahmed Nikhil Sharma Amos Lal Rahul Kashyap Vikas Bansal Juan Pablo Domecq Department of Internal Medicine Dow Medical CollegeKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine Sawai Man Singh Medical CollegeJaipur 302004India Department of Internal Medicine Dr.Sampurnanand Medical CollegeJodhpur 342003RajasthanIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicineNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Department of Internal Medicine Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesRohtak 124001HaryanaIndia Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Research Wellspan HealthYorkPA 17403United States

BACKGROUND Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are associated with poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** is conflicting evidence on the effects of chronic anticoagulation on mortality and severity of COVID-19 *** To summarize the body of evidence on the effects of pre-hospital anticoagulation on outcomes in COVID-19 *** A Literature search was performed on LitCovid PubMed,WHO,and Scopus databases from inception(December 2019)till June 2023 for original studies reporting an association between prior use of anticoagulants and patient outcomes in adults with *** primary outcome was the risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients taking *** outcomes included COVID-19 disease severity,in terms of intensive care unit admission or invasive mechanical ventilation/intubation requirement in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection,and *** random effects models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios(aORs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).RESULTS Forty-six observational studies met our inclusion *** unadjusted analysis found no association between prior anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk[n=43851,9 studies,odds ratio(OR)=0.67(0.22,2.07);P=0.49;I2=95%].The association between prior anticoagulation and disease severity was non-significant[n=186782;22 studies,OR=1.08(0.78,1.49);P=0.64;I2=89%].However,pre-hospital anticoagulation significantly increased all-cause mortality risk[n=207292;35 studies,OR=1.72(1.37,2.17);Paled a statistically non-significant association between pre-hospital anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk[aOR=0.87(0.42,1.80);P=0.71],mortality[aOR=0.94(0.84,1.05);P=0.31],and disease severity[aOR=0.96(0.72,1.26);P=0.76].CONCLUSION Prehospital anticoagulation was not significantly associated with reduced risk of thromboembolic events,improved survival,and lower disease seve

关键词： Prior anticoagulation COVID-19 Prehospital anticoagulation Chronic anticoagulation Mortality Severity Thromboembolic events

A Secure and Lightweight Chaos Based Image Encryption Scheme

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 279-294页

作者： Fadia ali Khan Jameel ahmed Fehaid alqahtani Suliman A.alsuhibany Fawad ahmed jawad Ahmad Department of Electrical Engineering Riphah International UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science King Fahad Naval AcademyAl Jubail35512Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Department of Cyber Security Pakistan Navy Engineering CollegeNUSTKarachi 75350Pakistan School of Computing Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH105DTUnited Kingdom

In this paper,we present an image encryption scheme based on the multi-stage chaos-based image encryption *** method works on the principle of confusion and *** proposed scheme containing both confusion and diffusion modules are highly secure and effective as compared to the existing ***,an image(red,green,and blue components)is partitioned into blocks with an equal number of *** block is then processed with Tinkerbell Chaotic Map(TBCM)to get shuffled pixels and shuffled *** Fractal Function(CFF)change the value of pixels of each color component(layer)to obtain a random *** the obtained random sequence,three layers of plain image are ***,with each encrypted layer,Brownian Particles(BP)are XORed that added an extra layer of *** experimental tests including a number of statistical tests validated the security of the presented *** results reported in the paper show that the proposed scheme has higher security and is lightweight as compared to state-of-the-art methods proposed in the literature.

关键词： Chaos fractals fibonacci tinkerbell chaotic map confusion diffusion brownian motion

A Weighted Spatially Constrained Finite Mixture Model for Image Segmentation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 171-185页

作者： Mohammad Masroor ahmed Saleh al Shehri jawad Usman Arshed Mahmood Ul Hassan Muzammil Hussain Mehtab Afzal Department of Computer Science Capital University of Science&TechnologyIslamabad45730Pakistan Department of Computer Science Jubail University CollegeJubail31961Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of BaltistanSkardu16100Pakistan Department of Computer Skills Preparatory Year Najran University1988Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Management&TechnologyLahore54782Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of LahoreLahore54500Pakistan

Spatially Constrained Mixture Model(SCMM)is an image segmentation model that works over the framework of maximum a-posteriori and Markov Random Field(MAP-MRF).It developed its own maximization step to be used within this *** research has proposed an improvement in the SCMM’s maximization step for segmenting simulated brain Magnetic Resonance Images(MRIs).The improved model is named as the Weighted Spatially Constrained Finite Mixture Model(WSCFMM).To compare the performance of SCMM and WSCFMM,simulated T1-Weighted normal MRIs were segmented.A region of interest(ROI)was extracted from segmented *** similarity level between the extracted ROI and the ground truth(GT)was found by using the Jaccard and Dice similarity measuring *** to the Jaccard similarity measuring method,WSCFMM showed an overall improvement of 4.72%,whereas the Dice similarity measuring method provided an overall improvement of 2.65%against the ***,WSCFMM signicantly stabilized and reduced the execution time by showing an improvement of 83.71%.The study concludes that WSCFMM is a stable model and performs better as compared to the SCMM in noisy and noise-free environments.

关键词： Finite mixture model maximum aposteriori Markov random eld image segmentation