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Enhanced bio-catalytic and tolerance properties of an indigenous cellulase through xerogel immobilization

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 308-313页

作者： Hafiz Muhammad Nasir Iqbal Shagufta Kamal Ishtiaq ahmed Muhammad Tahir Naveed Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Transgenic Lab Center of Agriculture Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB) University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Today, demand exists for cost-effective production of industrially important enzymes from entire scientific sectors. By keeping in mind the extensive industrial applications of cellulase, this study was performed to immobilize the indigenous enzyme produced from Trichoderma viride under pre-optimized SSF of an agricultural waste material, wheat straw. To enhance the bio-catalytic and tolerance properties of the present enzyme gel matrix immobilization engineering was applied. Previously, 2.33~fold purified novel cellulase was immobilized in to a xerogel matrix of TMOS and PTMS. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful immobilization of cellulase. The free and immobilized cellulase was characterized and stability profile showed that after 24 h incubation, immobilization enhanced the thermo-stability up to 75% against 80℃ as compare to the free enzyme. Xerogel matrix immobilization enhanced the catalytic efficiency of entrapped enzyme than that of the free cellulase. Among activators/inhibitors SDS, EDTA, and Hg2+ showed inhibitory effect while, gel matrix immobilization enhanced 80% tolerance capacity of the cellulase against inactivating agents.

关键词： Bio-Catalysis Cellulase T. viride Immobilization Characterization

Colonoscopy a True Therapeutic Icon

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Surgical Science 2017年第7期8卷 287-298页

作者： ahmed. Z. Kaleem Nabish Naheed Syed M. Ahmad Colorectal Department Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust Scunthorpe UK

Colonic polypectomy remained the first colonoscopic therapeutic intervention which was successfully accomplished with the help of an early snare. This therapeutic procedure was executed by Dehyle in Europe and Shinya in USA in 1971 [1]. Thus, these two colonoscopists acquired the pioneer’s position of therapeutic colonoscopy. Now the colonoscopy has achieved a special status in treating colorectal diseases because of its unique therapeutic aspect. The common uses of therapeutic colonoscopy are broadly classified in to the four major categories because of its unique therapeutic properties. These uses include resection and ablation, hemostasis, decompression with or without recanalization and foreign body extraction. Colonic perforation remained an absolute contraindication to therapeutic colonoscopy which is analogous to diagnostic colonoscopy. Good Communication plays a vital role in accomplishment of successful therapy with the help of colonoscopy. Consent process remained a complex process which should be well organized and tailored as per patient’s needs. There are lot of advancements in colonoscopy in recent years and many new procedures and treatment modalities have become available to treat colorectal diseases with the help of colonoscope. The recent advancement in colonoscopy has led to having many novel techniques. This therapeutic colonoscopy has made a significant change in current colorectal cancer management as polyps can be treated in the early stage, thus reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer. This is the basis of the United Kingdom existing bowel screening program, which is only feasible because of colonoscopy-induced interventions. The successful uses of these techniques obviate the need for a major surgical operation and colorectal disease can be treated with minimally invasive colonoscopic methods. These attributes make colonoscopy a true therapeutic icon.

关键词： Therapeutic Colonoscopy Indication Contraindication Complications Colorectal Cancer Diverticular Disease Consent Communication

The E_iso-L_iso Plane for Gamma-Ray Bursts

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第4期10卷 1083-1088页

作者： Walid J. Azzam Fatima S. Jaber Ghufran M. ahmed Department of Physics College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Bahrain

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most intense and powerful explosions in the universe. Based on their observed duration, they are traditionally divided into long bursts whose observed duration equals or exceeds 2 s, and short bursts whose observed duration is less than 2 s. Several GRB energy and luminosity correlations have been discovered for long gamma-ray bursts. Two important correlations are the Amati relation and the Yonetoku relation. The Amati relation is a correlation between the intrinsic peak energy, Ep,i, obtained from the νFν spectrum and the equivalent isotropic energy, Eiso, while the Yonetoku relation is a correlation between Ep,i and the peak isotropic luminosity, Liso. In this paper, we use a recent data sample that includes both long and short GRBs to compare these two correlations for the two groups of bursts. We also compare the Eiso-Liso plane for these two types of bursts. Our results indicate that both long and short bursts adhere to these two correlations but with different normalizations. We also find that the Eiso-Liso plane is similar for both types of GRBs but is shifted to lower values of Eiso for short GRBs.

关键词： Gamma-Ray Bursts Peak Energy Correlations Energy Indicators Luminosity Indicators

Overlap of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第32期10卷 11702-11711页

作者： Esraa Mamdouh Hassan Hisham Mushtaq Esraa Elaraby Mahmoud Sherley Chhibber Shoaib Saleem ahmed Issa Jain Nitesh Abbas B Jama Anwar Khedr Sydney Boike Mikael Mir Noura Attallah Salim Surani Syed A Khan Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Medicine St.Vincent's Medical CenterBridgeportCT 06606United States Medicine College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272United Arab Emirates Medicine Mercy Catholic Medical CenterDarbyPA 19025United States Medicine Mayo HospitalLahore 54000PunjabPakistan Medicine Medical University of the AmericasNevisWest Indies Medicine BronxCare Health SystemBronxNY 10457United States Medicine University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455United States Medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M University Health Science CenterCollege StationTX 77843United States Anesthesiolgy Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state(HHS)are two life-threatening metabolic complications of diabetes that significantly increase mortality and *** major advances,reaching a uniform consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria and treatment of both conditions has been challenging.A significant overlap between these two extremes of the hyperglycemic crisis spectrum poses an additional *** has well been noted that a complete biochemical and clinical patient evaluation with timely diagnosis and treatment is vital for symptom ***,there is a lack of large-scale studies that help define how hyperglycemic crises should be *** article will provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology,diagnosis,and management of DKA-HHS overlap.

关键词： Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar Coma Diabetes Metabolic acidosis Hypernatremia Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state

MDCT imaging following nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: Protocol optimization and patterns of tumor recurrence

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World Journal of Radiology 2013年第11期5卷 436-445页

作者： Stephanie F Coquia Pamela T Johnson Sameer ahmed Elliot K Fishman Department of Radiology Johns HopkinsHospital

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the common and uncommon sites of renal cell carcinoma recurrence throughout the body by examining their appearances on computerized tomography(CT). CT imaging protocols will be discussed. The sites of recurrence have been categorized into 4 groups: chest and mediastinum, abdomen and pelvis, musculoskeletal, and neurological. For each site of recurrence, a representative CT image correlate with discussion is provided. The unique CT appearance of renal cell carcinoma recurrence and how it can be used in lesion detection will be discussed. Renal cell carcinoma recurrences are hypervascular like the primary tumor, which can aid in not only lesion detection but also in some cases, differentiation from other primary tumors. Through CT case review of various sites of recurrence, lesions are shown to be easily seen on arterial phase while sometimes being nearly inconspicuous on venous or delayed phases. Coronal and sagittal reconstructions can also improve diagnostic sensitivity. CT is the most commonly used imaging tool for surveillance of renal cell carcinoma recurrence after nephrectomy. Knowledge of sites of recurrence as well as the utility of arterial phase imaging and multiplanar reconstructions will aid in optimizing detection of disease recurrence.

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma Recurrence CT Metastasis Diagnosis

Changes of MicroRNA-377 in Diabetic Nephropathy

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第3期12卷 347-360页

作者： Howayda Abdul Hamid El Shinnawy Mervat Hussein ahmed Elkeleng Cherry Reda Kamel Internal Medicine and Nephrology Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in modulating gene expression. In cultured mesangial cells, MiR-377 exhibited the greatest change on exposure to high glucose and led to increased fibronectin production in in-vitro diabetic nephropathy. Our aim was to identify the pattern of microRNA-377 changes in human diabetic patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The study included 45 patients divided into 5 groups;patients with stage 1 & 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN), stage 3 & 4 DN, diabetics without DN, stage 1 & 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD), and stage 3 & 4 CKD. The following tests were done to all patients;serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin to creatinine ratio, blood sugar, urine analysis, glycated hemoglobin, fundus examination. The RNA was extracted from plasma samples, TaqMan microRNA (miRNA) assays from applied Bio systems were used for analysis of MicroRNA-377. Results: This study found that patients with the highest median of the interquartile range (IQR) of miR-377 were those of group 1 with significant difference between them and all other groups. MiR-377 was significantly correlated with glycated hemoglobin but not with eGFR. Conclusion: Plasma miR-377 is highly significantly increased in human diabetic patients with early rather than late diabetic nephropathy, diabetics without nephropathy, or those at any stage of other causes of CKD. Our findings confirm the role of miR-377 as a potentially novel target in the development of diabetic nephropathy in humans.

关键词： MicroRNA MiR-377 Diabetic Nephropathy Chronic Kidney Disease

Quantum Dot Potential Calculation of ZnxCd1-xSe

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2010年第5期4卷 80-84页

作者： Yarub al-Douri Naser M. ahmed Uda Hashim Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering （INEE） Universi~ Malo＇sia Perlis （UniMAP） Kangar Perlis 01000 Malaysia

The indirect energy gaps (Γ-X) are calculated using Empirical Pseudopotential Method (EPM) for ZnSe and CdSe semiconductors. The obtained band gaps of semiconductors that form the Quantum Dot (QD) of Single Electron Transistor (SET) are used to calculate the quantum dot potential within our recent model. also, the energy gap of Γ, X and L and the quantum dot potential as a function of alloy concentration are studied for ZnxCd1-xSe alloys. For the ternary alloy ZnxCd1-xSe, the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) is coupled with the pseudopotential method. Band structure of Zn0.5Cd0.5Se is also calculated.

关键词：半导体量子点计算模型单电子晶体管电位三元合金 CdSe 赝势法 EPM

FPGA Design of an Intra 16 ×16 Module for H.264/AVC Video Encoder

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Circuits and Systems 2010年第1期1卷 18-29页

作者： Hassen Loukil Imen Werda Nouri Masmoudi ahmed Ben Atitallah Patrice Kadionik 不详

In this paper, we propose novel hardware architecture for intra 16 × 16 module for the macroblock engine of a new video coding standard H.264. To reduce the cycle of intra prediction 16 × 16, transform/quantization, and inverse quantization/inverse transform of H.264, an advanced method for different operation is proposed. This architecture can process one macroblock in 208 cycles for all cases of macroblock type by processing 4 × 4 Hadamard transform and quantization during 16 × 16 prediction. This module was designed using VHDL Hardware Description Language (HDL) and works with a 160 MHz frequency using alTERA NIOS-II development board with Stratix II EP2S60F1020C3 FPGA. The system also includes software running on an NIOS-II processor in order to implementing the pre-processing and the post-processing functions. Finally, the execution time of our HW solution is decreased by 26% when compared with the previous work.

关键词： Nios H.264 FPGA Intra 16 × 16 NIOS-II SOPC Design

Chronic Kidney Disease in Sub-Saharan Africans: A Study of 462 Patients

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2021年第1期11卷 114-122页

作者： Mbengue Mansour Ba Djenaba Lemrabott Tall ahmed Cissé Mouhamadou Moustapha Niang Abdou Department of Nephrology Dalal Jamm University Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Nephrology Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Nephrology El Hadji Amadou Sakhir Ndiéguéne Hospital Thiés Senegal

Chronic kidney disease is a global public health problem due to its increasing prevalence as well as its main risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. However, in Africa, few studies have been done on chronic kidney disease. The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects of chronic kidney disease. It was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out from the first of January 2004 to the 31st of December 2013 at Principal hospital in Dakar. Records of any patient aged 18 and over with chronic kidney disease were included. Chronic kidney disease was defined according to the KDIGO 2012 recommendations. Among the 8873 patient records used during our study, 462 presented with chronic kidney disease, which was a hospital prevalence of 5.2%. The sex ratio was 1.61. The mean age of the patients was 58.37 ± 19.97 years. There were 75.32% of the patients who were aged 50 and over. The mean serum creatinine was 49.14 ± 56.83. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 27.47 ± 19.86 ml/min/1.73 m2. Chronic renal failure was diagnosed in 92% of patients, including 34.9% in the end-stage of the renal disease. The mean proteinuria was 3.07 ± 4.92 g/24 h. Leukocyturia was present in 34.17% of patients. Hematuria was present in 25% of patients. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common causes, found in 61.25% and 35.93% of patients, respectively. Hemodialysis was performed in 49 patients. Peritoneal dialysis was performed in 2 patients. One patient had undergone a kidney transplant. This study establishes the relatively high prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors including hypertension and diabetes. It also reveals the late diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in our pa

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Hypertension Diabetes