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A Low Complexity ML-Based Methods for Malware Classification

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4833-4857页

作者： Mahmoud E.Farfoura ahmad alkhatib Deema Mohammed Alsekait Mohammad Alshinwan Sahar A.El-Rahman Didi Rosiyadi Diaa Salama Abd Elminaam Cybersecurity Department Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Applied CollegePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11931Jordan Computer Systems Program-Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering-ShoubraBenha UniversityCairo11629Egypt Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Electronics and Informatics OrganizationNational Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)KST Samaun SamadikunBandung40135Republic of Indonesia Jadara Research Center Jadara UniversityIrbid21110Jordan MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan

The article describes a new method for malware classification,based on a Machine Learning(ML)model architecture specifically designed for malware detection,enabling real-time and accurate malware *** an innovative feature dimensionality reduction technique called the Interpolation-based Feature Dimensionality Reduction Technique(IFDRT),the authors have significantly reduced the feature space while retaining critical information necessary for malware *** technique optimizes the model’s performance and reduces computational *** proposed method is demonstrated by applying it to the BODMAS malware dataset,which contains 57,293 malware samples and 77,142 benign samples,each with a 2381-feature *** the IFDRT method,the dataset is transformed,reducing the number of features while maintaining essential data for accurate *** evaluation results show outstanding performance,with an F1 score of 0.984 and a high accuracy of 98.5%using only two reduced *** demonstrates the method’s ability to classify malware samples accurately while minimizing processing *** method allows for improving computational efficiency by reducing the feature space,which decreases the memory and time requirements for training and *** new method’s effectiveness is confirmed by the calculations,which indicate significant improvements in malware classification accuracy and *** research results enhance existing malware detection techniques and can be applied in various cybersecurity applications,including real-timemalware detection on resource-constrained *** and scientific contribution lie in the development of the IFDRT method,which provides a robust and efficient solution for feature reduction in ML-based malware classification,paving the way for more effective and scalable cybersecurity measures.

关键词： Malware detection ML-based models dimensionality reduction feature engineering

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Production of Spirulina platensis Using Inexpensive Local Resources in Palestine

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 357-377页

作者： Imad Al-Jabali ahmad Qutob Mahmoud alkhatib Mutaz Qutob Department of Environment and Earth Studies Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine

Spirulina platensis is a special and unique cyanobacteria that is produced worldwide with a varied cost of cultivation media. In this study, five main experiments with different treatments were performed to evaluate the possibility of using cheap aquaculture water for Spirulina production, to test if solutions made by plant ash (PAS) could be used for Spirulina production, to determine if brackish water (BW) and mining water have a good impact on Spirulina production, to create a medium composed of cheap chemicals and fertilizers to be used for Spirulina cultivation, and to test if a mixture made from local components could be used to produce Spirulina. All experiments were performed via growth and dry weight measurements, including determination of chemical and physical characteristics of the samples with a comparison with Zarrouk medium (ZM) as a reference for each experiment, and all experiments were performed for 21 days to determine the best media type that lasts longer for commercial purposes. In all experiments, pH values were between 8 and 11, and EC was between 9.8 and 30 ms/cm, while temperature was at 30°C and 35°C, and light was at 1500 and 5000 Lux for 16 h light and 8 h dark. Spirulina can grow in (FW). It can also grow in FW diluted with BW. Also a 3% PAS can be used as a source to cultivate Spirulina at a very low price compared to ZM. The chemical fertilizer formula was one of the best types among all treatments with a good price. A mixture of these local resources could be a very good cheap alternative source. The main result that was obtained from all experiments in this study is the ability of Spirulina to grow within a wide range of chemical parameters at a lower price.

关键词： Spirulina platensis Tilapia Brackish Water Zarrouk Medium

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A New System for Road Traffic Optimisation Using the Virtual Traffic Light Technology

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第10期47卷 637-656页

作者： ahmad A.A.alkhatib Adnan A.Hnaif Thaer Sawalha Faculty of Science and Information Technology Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan

Large cities suffer from traffic congestion,particularly at intersections,due to a large number of vehicles,which leads to the loss of time by increasing carbon emissions,including fuel ***,the need for optimising the flow of vehicles at different intersections and reducing the waiting time is a critical *** traffic lights have been used to control traffic flow at different intersections and have been improved to become more efficient by using different algorithms,sensors and ***,they also face some challenges,such as high-cost installation,operation,and maintenance *** paper develops a new system based on the Virtual Traffic Light(VTL)technology to improve traffic flow at different intersections and reduce the encountered loss of time and vehicles’travel ***,it reduces the costs of installation,maintenance and operation over various conventional traffic light ***,the system proposes algorithms for traffic scheduling and lane identification by using vehicle ID,priority and time of *** evaluate the system,four scenarios were presented where each scenario uses a different number of vehicles consisting of three types(emergency vehicles,public buses and private vehicles),each given a different *** proposed system is evaluated by integrating two simulators,namely,(OMNeT++)and(SUMO),and two frameworks,namely,(VEINS)and(INET)to prepare an appropriate working *** results prove that an improvement in the average travel time for several vehicles reaches 44.43%–49.76%compared with conventional traffic ***,it is proven from the obtained results that the average waiting time for emergency vehicles is enhanced by 96.63%–97.63%,while the average waiting time for public buses is improved by 94.81%–97.23%.On the other hand,the waiting time for private vehicles‘improved by 87.14%to 89.71%’.

关键词： Virtual traffic lights(VTL) vehicle-to-roadside unit(V2R) RSU smart vehicles(SV) intelligent traffic system(ITS)

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Production of Spirulina platensis Using Inexpensive Local Resources in Palestine

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Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2024年第3期 357页

作者： Imad Al-Jabali ahmad Qutob Mahmoud alkhatib Mutaz Qutob

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An Effective and Secure Quality Assurance System for a Computer Science Program

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第6期41卷 975-995页

作者： Mohammad alkhatib Computer Science Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia

Improving the quality assurance (QA) processes and acquiring accreditation are top priorities for academic programs. The learning outcomes (LOs)assessment and continuous quality improvement represent core components ofthe quality assurance system (QAS). Current assessment methods suffer deficiencies related to accuracy and reliability, and they lack well-organized processes forcontinuous improvement planning. Moreover, the absence of automation, andintegration in QA processes forms a major obstacle towards developing efficientquality system. There is a pressing need to adopt security protocols that providerequired security services to safeguard the valuable information processed byQAS as well. This research proposes an effective methodology for LOs assessment and continuous improvement processes. The proposed approach ensuresmore accurate and reliable LOs assessment results and provides systematic wayfor utilizing those results in the continuous quality improvement. This systematicand well-specified QA processes were then utilized to model and implement automated and secure QAS that efficiently performs quality-related processes. Theproposed system adopts two security protocols that provide confidentiality, integrity, and authentication for quality data and reports. The security protocols avoidthe source repudiation, which is important in the quality reporting system. This isachieved through implementing powerful cryptographic algorithms. The QASenables efficient data collection and processing required for analysis and interpretation. It also prepares for the development of datasets that can be used in futureartificial intelligence (AI) researches to support decision making and improve thequality of academic programs. The proposed approach is implemented in a successful real case study for a computer science program. The current study servesscientific programs struggling to achieve academic accreditation, and gives rise tofully automating and integrating the

关键词： Quality assurance information security cryptographic algorithms education programs

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Finite Element Analysis of Porous Titanium Alloy Hip Stem to Evaluate the Biomechanical Performance During Walking and Stair Climbing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第6期16卷 1103-1115页

作者： Sami Emad alkhatib Hassan Mehboob Faris Tarlochan School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering M050The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyPerthWA6009Australia Department of Engineering Management College of EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringQatar UniversityDohaQatar

Despite the success of cementless hip stem,stress shielding still presents a serious problem leading to bone *** incorporating porous cellular structures represent a promising ***,this study validates the finite element models of titanium(Ti)alloy(Ti-6Al-4V)porous stem and effective porous *** effective porous stems with strut thicknesses 0.33 mm-1.25 mm(18%-90%porosity)under different loading conditions were *** results of finite element models revealed that changing the load type and porosity affect stress *** loads yield the maximum stress levels while walking loads result in the lowest stresses in the ***,the point load results in the maximum stress shielding and micromotions(-19% to 18%,40μm to 703μm),as compared to walking(-17.5% to 3%,35μm to 242μm)and climbing loads(-7% to 1.6%,30μm to 221 μm).Finally,effective porous stems of strut thickness 0.87 mm exhibit the lowest stress shielding signals(<5%)under all loading conditions.

关键词： porous cellular microstructures porous hip stems physiological loads finite element analysis stress shielding

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A Low-Cost and High-Performance Cryptosystem Using Tripling-Oriented Elliptic Curve

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第8期37卷 1807-1831页

作者： Mohammad alkhatib Wafa S.Aldalbahy Computer Science Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia

Developing a high-performance public key cryptosystem is crucial for numerous modern security *** Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem(ECC)has performance and resource-saving advantages compared to other types of asymmetric ***,the sequential design implementation for ECC does not satisfy the current applications’performance ***,several factors should be considered to boost the cryptosystem performance,including the coordinate system,the scalar multiplication algo-rithm,and the elliptic curve *** tripling-oriented(3DIK)form is imple-mented in this work due to its minimal computational complexity compared to other elliptic curves *** experimental study explores the factors playing an important role in ECC performance to determine the best combi-nation that leads to developing high-speed *** proposed cryptosystem uses parallel software implementation to speed up ECC *** our knowledge,previous studies have no similar software implementation for 3DIK *** by using parallel design,projective coordinates,and a fast scalar multiplication algorithm,the proposed 3DIK ECC improved the speed of the encryption process compared with other counterparts and the usual sequential *** highest performance level for 3DIK ECC was achieved when it was implemented using the Non-Adjacent Form algorithm and homogenous *** to the costly hardware implementations,the proposed software implementation is cost effective and can be easily adapted to other *** addition,the power con-sumption of the proposed ECC is analyzed and compared with other known ***,the current study presents a detailed overview of the design and implementation of 3DIK ECC.

关键词： Security cryptography elliptic curves software implement greatation multithreading

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Coconut oil nanoemulsion attenuates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2020年第12期10卷 540-546页

作者： Shaza A.Alyamani Mayson H.alkhatib Faiza Abdu Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of the coconut oil nanoemulsion against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing Swiss albino ***:Forty mice were divided into four ***Ⅰserved as the untreated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice while Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice in groupsⅡ–Ⅳreceived an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 m L/kg coconut oil nanoemulsion,20 mg/kg methotrexate as well as 0.2 m L/kg coconut oil nanoemulsion mixed with 20 mg/kg methotrexate,*** toxicities of the treatments were assessed by determining the complete blood count,performing the serum analysis for liver and kidney functions,evaluating the oxidative status and visualizing histological changes in the liver and kidney ***:Treatment with methotrexate and coconut oil nanoemulsion markedly diminished the liver parameters including aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,total protein,direct bilirubin and total bilirubin which were raised by methotrexate treatment(P<0.05).Similarly,creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,as the indicators of kidney function,were dramatically lowered in the combination treatment group compared to the methotrexate group(P<0.05).In addition,treatment with methotrexate and coconut oil nanoemulsion reduced the malondialdehyde and increased catalase,glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase,in the liver and kidney tissues(P<0.05).The treatment with methotrexate and coconut oil nanoemulsion reduced white blood cell count and increased the hemoglobin amount(P<0.05),but did not cause any change in platelets and red blood cell ***:Coconut oil nanoemulsion as a nanocarrier has great potential in reducing the adverse side effects induced by methotrexate.

关键词： Chemotherapeutic agents Oxidative stress Serum analysis Complete blood count Nanocarrier

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Heavy Metals Concentrations in Leafy Vegetables in Palestine, Case Study: Jenin and Bethlehem Districts

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第1期13卷 97-111页

作者： Mahmoud alkhatib ahmad Qutob Elizabeth Kattan Husam Malassa Mutaz Qutob Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Studies Al-Quds University Jerusalem Palestine

This study investigates the concentrations of metals in leafy vegetables in Bethlehem and Jenin districts in Palestine. The concentrations of Fe, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Cd, and Zn were measured. Vegetables including spinach, arugula, and parsley were collected from different farms from both regions, and analyzed by using ICP-MS. In Bethlehem region, Iron concentrations were ranged from 25 to 1046 mg/kg. Iron concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 425 mg/kg in 33% of the samples. Lead concentrations were ranged from 0.04 to 1.77 mg/kg. Lead concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 0.3 mg/kg in 40% of the samples. Chromium concentrations were ranged from 0.02 to 2.51 mg/kg. Chromium concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 1.3 mg/kg in 13% of the samples. Zinc concentrations were ranged from 4 to 107 mg/kg. Zinc concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 99.4 mg/kg in 6.6% of the samples. Cadmium concentrations were ranged from 0.01 to 1.4 mg/kg. Cadmium concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 0.2 mg/kg in 13% of the samples. The concentration of Manganese, Cobalt and Cupper were all below the WHO/FAO limits of 500, 50 and 73 mg/kg respectively. In Jenin region, Iron concentrations were ranged from 42 to 543 mg/kg. Iron concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 425 mg/kg in 20% of the samples. Lead concentrations were ranged from 0.05 to 0.67 mg/kg. Lead concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 0.3 mg/kg in 20% of the samples. Copper concentrations were ranged from 0.62 to 278 mg/kg. Copper concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 73 mg/kg in 6.66% of the samples. Cadmium concentrations were ranged from 0.02 to 1.62 mg/kg. Cadmium concentrations were higher than the WHO/FAO limits of 0.2 mg/kg in 6.66% of the samples. The concentration of Chromium, Manganese, Cobalt and Cupper were all below the WHO/FAO limits. It was concluded that the contamination found in some leaf

关键词： Heavy Metals Vegetables Pesticides

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Formulating etoposide in a nanoemulsion containing polyunsaturated fatty acids potentiates its anti-proliferation and anti-invasion activities against the ovarian cancer cells

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BIOCELL 2021年第3期45卷 695-703页

作者： MAYSON H.alkhatib SALWA M.AL-HASHEMI HANA M.GASHLAN Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Regenerative Medicine Unit King Fahd Center for Medical ResearchKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Inorporation of etoposide(ETP)into nanoemulsion(NE)containing polyunsaturated faty adids(PUFAS)may potentially augment its antiproliferation efet on the cancer cll The current study aimed to examine the in vitro antitumor activity of a novel formulation(ETP-BC/EP-NE)produced by combining the anticancer drug(ETP)with NE(BCEP-NE)consisting of the blasck currant seed and organic ewening primrose *** produced formulas were physically charaterized using 2etasizer *** ceytotoxkc efect was testfied at concentrations ranges from 0.0001 to 5μM using *** and ant-invasion efects were evaluated using the assays of mitochondrtal membrane potental,annexin V-FITC double *** fragmentation,and collagen-based cell *** to the zetasizer charaterization,the nano-suspensions of ETP-BC/EP-NE have z-average diameters of 87.63土3.30 nm with an average surface zeta potential of-0.605土0.003 mV.A reduction of 50%in the growth of SK-OV-3 cells was found at a distinetly lower concentration of ETP-BCEP-NE(IlCso=0.04土0.2μM)than that of ETP(ICsu=4.75土0.1μM).Resuts indicated that FTP-BCIEP-NE had a greater apoptotic ffect than FTP on SK-OV-3 cllsl which was attibuted to the larger amount of late apoptotic cells(41.9土1.05%)higher loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,and more intensive fragmented DNA The ETP-BC/EP-NE treatment suppressed the cllular invasion by 55%,whereas EIP impeded the ellular invasion by only 3%,Formulting ETP with PUFAs in NE had ameliorated the efcacy of ETP.

关键词： Black currant seed oil Organic evening primrose oil Chemotherapeutic agent Cellular growth Apoptosis

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