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Analysis of Nosocomial Infections in Selected Teaching Hospitals, Qazvin, Iran

Health 2014年第18期6卷 2425-2432页

作者： Fereshteh Farzianpour ahad bakhtiari Mohsen Mohammadi Omid Khosravizadeh Hoda Mossavi Mohammad Mohseni Mohammad Mahboubi Health Care Management Department of Health Management & Economic School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Healthcare Management School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Healthcare Management Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran Healthcare Management Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Healthcare Management Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran Abadan School of Medical Sciences Abadan Iran

Introduction: Hospital infections prolong patient hospitalization, necessitate additional treatment, increase mortality rate, raise hospital expenses, and even reduce the level of health in the society. The purpose of this research was to study hospital infections in selected hospitals of Qazvin. Methods and Materials: This was an analytic-cross-sectional study. The research population consisted of 25,628 hospitalized patients in the first eight months of 2012 in three selected hospitals of the Qazvin Province. The algorithm of reporting hospital infections, the National Program of Controlling Hospital Infections, and 223 patient files hospitalized due to hospital-acquired infections were used to collect information. The collected information was analyzed using the SPSS V. 17 software;the descriptive statistics was used to analyze the qualitative variables;and the descriptive statistics together with chi-square and t-test were employed for the quantitative variables. Results: The ICU units had the most cases of hospital infections. Respiratory pneumonia and urinary infections topped the list of hospital infections. The most invasive treatments carried out on patients with hospital infections were surgery, urinary catheter, and venous catheter, respectively. More than 50 percent of patients with hospital infections were hospitalized for 2 to 21 days. Results and Conclusions: Because of the high rate of hospital infections, especially in the ICU ward, authorities must give top priority in their plans to designing suitable educational programs to inform hospital staff and patients of hospital infections and to provide suitable resources for dealing with this problem.

关键词： Nosocomial Infections Teaching Hospitals

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Artificial Intelligence Based Meteorological Parameter Forecasting for Optimizing Response of Nuclear Emergency Decision Support System

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原子能科学技术 2024年第10期58卷 2068-2076页

作者： BILAL Ahmed Khan HASEEB ur Rehman QAISAR Nadeem MUHAMMAD Ahmad Naveed Qureshi JAWARIA ahad MUHAMMAD Naveed Akhtar AMJAD Farooq MASROOR Ahmad Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence (AI) based approach to predict crucial meteorological parameters such as temperature,pressure,and wind speed,typically calculated from computationally intensive weather research and forecasting (WRF) *** meteorological data is indispensable for simulating the release of radioactive effluents,especially in dispersion modeling for nuclear emergency decision support *** of meteorological conditions during nuclear emergencies using the conventional WRF model is very complex and ***,a new artificial neural network (ANN) based technique was proposed as a viable alternative for meteorological prediction.A multi-input multi-output neural network was trained using historical site-specific meteorological data to forecast the meteorological *** evaluation of this technique was conducted to test its performance in forecasting various parameters including atmospheric pressure,temperature,and wind speed components in both East-West and North-South *** performance of developed network was evaluated on an unknown dataset,and acquired results are within the acceptable range for all meteorological *** show that ANNs possess the capability to forecast meteorological parameters,such as temperature and pressure,at multiple spatial locations within a grid with high accuracy,utilizing input data from a single ***,accuracy is slightly compromised when predicting wind speed *** mean square error (RMSE) was utilized to report the accuracy of predicted results,with values of 1.453℃for temperature,77 Pa for predicted pressure,1.058 m/s for the wind speed of U-component and 0.959 m/s for the wind speed of *** conclusion,this approach offers a precise,efficient,and wellinformed method for administrative decision-making during nuclear emergencies.

关键词： prediction of meteorological parameters weather research and forecasting model artificial neural networks nuclear emergency support system

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Evaluating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Constellation Performance for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Navigation Precision

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 39-62页

作者： ahad Alotaibi Chris Chatwin Phil Birch Department of Engineering and Design School of Engineering and Informatics University of Sussex Brighton UK

Accurate localization is paramount for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) spanning various technical and industrial domains, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precision. This study investigates the performance of distinct GNSS constellations in determining the precise location of a building utilizing a high-precision GNSS receiver. The receiver, incorporating advanced multi-frequency and full-constellation positioning capabilities, was integrated with a smartphone via Bluetooth to enable the UAV’s acquisition of centimeter-level positioning data. Sequential utilization of single satellite systems—such as GPS-only, GLONASS-only, Galileo-only, SBAS-only, and BeiDou-only—facilitated the documentation of latitude and longitude coordinates for the designated building. Subsequent comparison of these coordinates with a specialized Geographic Information System (GIS) was conducted to evaluate their positional accuracy. The comparative analysis underscores significant variability in the precision offered by each satellite constellation, providing valuable insights for optimizing UAV navigation across GIS, IoT, construction, and other sectors requiring high-precision localization. This research underscores the significance of high-precision GNSS receivers in enhancing UAV-based geospatial assessments, emphasizing the critical selection of appropriate satellite systems for tailored localization tasks. The study contributes to advancing UAV navigation strategies, ensuring robust and accurate geospatial data collection within diverse operational frameworks.

关键词： UAV GNSS Localization Precision Comparative GIS

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Internal Combustion Engine as a New Source for Enhancing Distribution System Resilience

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第5期9卷 1130-1136页

作者： ahad Abessi Shahram Jadid Department of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and TechnologyTehranIran

Enhancing distribution system resilience is a new challenge for *** distribution loads,especially the residential customers and high-priority loads after disasters,is vital for this *** this paper,the internal combustion engine(ICE)vehicles are firstly introduced as valuable backup energy sources in the aftermath of disasters and the use of this technology is ***,the improvement of distribution system resilience is investigated through supplying smart residential customers and injecting extra power to the main *** this method,it is assumed that the infrastructure of distribution system is partially damaged(common cases)and it can be restored in less than one *** extra power of residential customer can be delivered to other loads.A novel formulation for increasing the injected power of the smart home to the main grid using ICE vehicles is ***,the maximum backup duration in case of extensive damages in the distribution system is calculated for some commercial ICE *** this case,the smart home cannot deliver extra energy to the main grid because of its *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for increasing backup power during power *** is also shown that ICE vehicles can supply residential customers for a reasonable amount of time during a power outage.

关键词： Internal combustion engine(ICE) smart home building energy management system(BEMS) distribution system resilience

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Current and emerging pharmacological therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第42期23卷 7495-7504页

作者： ahad Eshraghian Gastroenterohepatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

The main treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is life style modification including weight reduction and dietary *** of patients are safely treated with this management and pharmacologic interventions are not recommended. However, a subgroup of NAFLD patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) who cannot achieve goals of life style modification may need pharmacological therapy. One major obstacle is measurement of histological outcome by liver biopsy which is an invasive method and is not recommended routinely in these patients. Several medications, mainly targeting baseline mechanism of NAFLD, have been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of NASH with promising results. At present, only pioglitazone acting as insulin sensitizing agent and vitamin E as an antioxidant have been recommended for treatment of NASH by international guidelines. Lipid lowering agents including statins and fibrates, pentoxifylline, angiotensin receptor blockers, ursodeoxycholic acid, probiotics and synbiotics are current agents with beneficial effects for treatment of NASH but have not been approved yet. Several emerging medications are in development for treatment of NASH. Obeticholic acid, liraglutide, elafibranor, cenicriviroc and aramchol have been tested in clinical trials or are completing trials. Here in, current and upcoming medications with promising results in clinical trial for treatment of NAFLD were reviewed.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Vitamin E Pioglitazone Pharmacological therapy Obeticholic acid

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FUZZY LOGIC BASED UNCERTAINTY REPRESENTATION AND SIMULATION IN A FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY SYSTEM

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2012年第3期3卷 118-139页

作者： ahad ALI A.Leon Linton Department of Mechanical Engineering Lawrence Technological University 21000 West Ten Mile Road Southfield Michigan 48075USA

This paper provides intelligent simulation approach using manufacturing uncertainty in the form of simulation intelligence to improve the performances of manufacturing production *** shows how simulation can be used to evaluate alternative designs in an uncertain manufacturing *** rule-based manufacturing uncertainties are addressed in this study.A combination of product mix and production volume is analyzed using intelligent simulation model for an optimal production *** intelligent simulation approach would improve the modeling accuracy in terms of more realistic presentation of uncertain *** proposed intelligent simulation modeling shows significant improvement and validated with real life application.

关键词： Simulation manufacturing systems uncertainty product mix modeling

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Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection among the healthy population in Iran and countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region:A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17618-17625页

作者： ahad Eshraghian Department of Internal Medicine Namazi HospitalShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 71345-1744Iran

AIM: To investigate the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among the healthy asymptomatic population in Iran and countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Prevalence Epidemiology Iran Eastern Mediterranean Region Office

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Numerical and experimental direct shear tests for coarse-grained soils

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Particuology 2009年第1期7卷 83-91页

作者： ahad Bagherzadeh-Khalkhali Ali Asghar Mirghasemi School of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran

The presence of particles larger than the permissible dimensions of conventional laboratory specimens causes difficulty in the determination of shear strength of coarse-grained soils. In this research, the influence of particle size on shear strength of coarse-grained soils was investigated by resorting to experimental tests in different scale and numerical simulations based on discrete element method （DEM）. Experimental tests on such soil specimens were based on using the techniques designated as ＂parallel＂ and ＂scalping＂ to prepare gradation of samples in view of the limitation of laboratory specimen size. As a second approach, the direct shear test was numerically simulated on assemblies of elliptical particles. The behaviors of samples under experimental and numerical tests are presented and compared, indicating that the modification of sample gradation has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of coarse-grained soils. It is noted that the shear strengths of samples produced by the scalping method are higher than samples by the parallel method. The scalping method for preparing specimens for direct shear test is therefore recommended. The micromechanical behavior of assemblies under direct shear test is also discussed and the effects of stress level on sample behavior are investigated.

关键词： Discrete element method Direct shear test Micromechanics Coarse-grained soil Shear strength

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Robust design of static synchronous series compensator-based stabilizer for damping inter-area oscillations using quadratic mathematical programming

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2010年第4期11卷 296-306页

作者： Mahmoud Reza SHAKARAMI ahad KAZEMI Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation Department of Electrical EngineeringIran University of Science and Technology

This paper presents a procedure for designing a supplementary damping stabilizer for a static synchronous series compensator(SSSC) in multi-machine power *** objective is to shift the lightly damped inter-area modes toward the prescribed stability region.A lead-lag stabilizer is used to demonstrate this technique,in which a particular measure of stabilizer gain is considered as an objective *** of the problem for phase-lead and lag structures are *** objective function with the constraints is formed as a quadratic mathematical programming *** robust design,the parameters of the stabilizer are calculated under various operating *** types of SSSC-based stabilizer have been presented and *** results including eigenvalue analysis and the nonlinear simulations on the 4-and 50-machine power systems are pre-sented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Inter-area oscillations Static synchronous series compensator(SSSC) Damping stabilizer Robust design Quadratic mathematical programming

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Successful interferon desensitization in a patient with chronic hepatitis C infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第33期15卷 4196-4198页

作者： Seyed Alireza Taghavi ahad Eshraghian Gastroentero-hepatology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Science Nemazee Hospital

Treatment of hepatitis C, even when absolutely necessary, is almost impossible when interferon cannot be administered for any reason. We report a 65-year-old patient with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and fibrosis, who was unable to receive interferon because of systemic hypersensitivity. The patient was desensitized successfully through gradual incremental exposure to interferon, and HCV infection was eradicated after a complete course of treatment, with no further allergic reactions. This case report that describes successful eradication of hepatitis C in a patient with advanced liver disease after desensitization to interferon revealed that desensitization may not necessarily damage the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Desensitization Drug hypersensitivity Interferon a2b Ribavirin

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