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A comparative in vitro study on the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

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Oncology Research 2024年第5期32卷 817-830页

作者： SHAHID KARIM ALANOUD NAHER ALGHANMI MAHA JAMAL HUDA ALKREATHY ALAM JAMAL HIND A.ALKHATABI MOHAMMED BAZUHAIR aftab ahmad Department of Clinical Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry College of ScienceUniversity of JeddahJeddah21959Saudi Arabia Health Information Technology Department The Applied CollegeKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical IndustriesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Cancer frequently develops resistance to the majority of chemotherapy *** study aimed to examine the synergistic cytotoxic and antitumor effects of SGLT2 inhibitors,specifically Canagliflozin(CAN),Dapagliflozin(DAP),Empagliflozin(EMP),and Doxorubicin(DOX),using in vitro *** precise combination of CAN+DOX has been found to greatly enhance the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin(DOX)in MCF-7 ***,it was shown that cancer cells exhibit an increased demand for glucose and ATP in order to support their ***,when these medications were combined with DOX,there was a considerable inhibition of glucose consumption,as well as reductions in intracellular ATP and lactate ***,this effect was found to be dependent on the dosages of the *** addition to effectively inhibiting the cell cycle,the combination of CAN+DOX induces substantial modifications in both cell cycle and apoptotic gene *** work represents the initial report on the beneficial impact of SGLT2 inhibitor medications,namely CAN,DAP,and EMP,on the responsiveness to the anticancer properties of *** underlying molecular mechanisms potentially involve the suppression of the function of SGLT2.

关键词： SGLT2 Cancer Cytotoxicity ATP Cell cycle

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Chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement in the contact interaction model of quarks with parallel electric and magnetic fields

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第7期45卷 111-121页

作者： aftab ahmad Institute of Physics Gomal University29220D.I.KhanKhyber PakhtunkhawPakistan

We study the impact of steady,homogeneous,and external parallel electric and magnetic field strengths(eE||eB)on the chiral symmetry breaking-restoration and confinement-deconfinement phase *** also sketch the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)at a finite temperature T and in the presence of background *** unified formalism for this study is based on the Schwinger-Dyson equations,symmetry preserving vector-vector contact interaction model of quarks,and an optimal time regularization *** T=0,in the purely magnetic case(i.e.,eE→0),we observe the well-known magnetic catalysis ***,in a pure electric field background(eB→0),the electric field tends to restore the chiral symmetry and deconfinement above the pseudo-critical electric field eE^(x,C)_(c).In the presence of both eE and eB,we determine the magnetic catalysis effect in the particular region where eB dominates over eE,whereas we observe the chiral inhibition(or electric chiral rotation)effect when eE overshadows *** finite T,in the pure electric field case,the phenomenon of inverse electric catalysis appears to exist in the proposed ***,for a pure magnetic field background,we observe the magnetic catalysis effect in the mean-field approximation and inverse magnetic catalysis with eB-dependent *** combined effects of eE and eB on the pseudo-critical T^(x,C)_(c)yields an inverse electromagnetic catalysis,with and without an eB-dependent effective coupling of the *** findings of this study agree well with the already predicted results obtained via lattice simulations and other reliable effective models of QCD.

关键词： chiral symmetry breaking confinement electric and magnetic fields schwinger-dyson equations QCD phase diagram

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Color-flavor dependence of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and QCD phase diagram

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第8期46卷 128-140页

作者： aftab ahmad Ali Murad Institute of Physics Gomal University29220D.I.KhanKhyber PakhtunkhawPakistan

We study the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking/restoration for various numbers of light quarks flavors N_(f) and colors N_(c) using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL) model of quarks in the Schwinger-Dyson equation framework,dressed with a color-flavor dependence of effective *** fixed N_(f)=2 and varying N_(c),we observe that the dynamical chiral symmetry is broken when N_(c) exceeds its critical value N_(c)^(c)≈*** a fixed N_(c)=3 and varying N_(f),we observe that the dynamical chiral symmetry is restored when Nf reaches its critical value N_r^(c)≈*** interplay is observed between N_(c) and N_(f),i.e.,larger values of N_(c) tend to strengthen the dynamical generated quark mass and quark-antiquark condensate,while higher values of N_(f) suppress both *** further sketch the quantum chromodynamics(QCD) phase diagram at a finite temperature T and quark chemical potential μ for various N_(c) and N_(f).At finite T and μ,we observe that the critical number of colors N_(c)^(c) is enhanced,whereas the critical number of flavors N_(f)^(c) is suppressed as T and μ ***,the critical temperature T_(c),μ_(c),and co-ordinates of the critical endpoint(T_(c)^(E),μ_(c)^(E)) in the QCD phase diagram are enhanced as N_(c) increases and suppressed when N_(f) *** findings agree with the lattice QCD and Schwinger-Dyson equations predictions.

关键词： chiral symmetry breaking Schwinger-Dyson equation finite temperature and density QCD phase diagram

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A Methodology for Development of Software Composite-Metrics for Program Control-Flow Structure

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 1992年第3期7卷 202-218页

作者： aftab ahmad Dept. of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia

This paper reports on a pioneer effort for the establishment of a software composite metric with key capability of distinguishing among different structures. As a part of this effort most of the previously proposed program control-flow complexity metrics are evaluated. It is observed that most of these metrics are inherently limited in distinguishing capability. However, the concept of composite metrics is potentially useful for the development of a practical metrics. This paper presents a methodology for the develop- ment of a practical composite metric using statistical techniques. The proposed metric differs from all previous metrics in 2 ways: (1) It is based on an overall structural analysis of a given program in deeper and broader context. It captures various structural measurements taken from all existing structural levels; (2) It unifies a set of 19 important structural metrics. The compositing model of these metrics is based on statistical techniques rather than on an arbitrary method. Experinces with the pro- posed metric clearly indicate that it distinguishes different structures better than the previous metrics.

关键词： Pro A Methodology for Development of Software Composite-Metrics for Program Control-Flow Structure

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Theoretical approach to study the formation of C2H4O2 isomers in interstellar medium through reaction between interstellar formaldehyde molecules

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第1期20卷 124-136页

作者： aftab ahmad Shivani Alka Misra Poonam Tandon Department of Mathematics&Astronomy University of LucknowLucknowIndia Department of Physics University of LucknowLucknowIndia

The three isomers of C2H4O2,viz.,glycolaldehyde(HCOCH2 OH),acetic acid(CH3 COOH)and methyl formate(HCOOCH3),have been detected in copious amounts in the interstellar medium(ISM).The possibility for formation of these molecules through interstellar formaldehyde(HCHO)has been explored by using the quantum chemical approach described by density functional theory(DFT)and second order Moller-Plesset perturbation(MP2)theory with a 6–311 G(d,p)basis set in the gas phase as well as in icy *** associated molecule-molecule interactions have been discussed to study the formation of isomers of C2H4O2 in *** reactions of two formaldehyde molecules exhibit a considerable potential barrier but due to quantum tunneling,these reactions could be possible in *** chemical pathway is exothermic,which gives rise to a high probability for the formation of all three isomers,***,methyl formate and acetic acid,in interstellar *** rotational vibration,centrifugal distortion constants and coupling constants are also calculated and results suggest that the vibrations are harmonic in nature.

关键词： ISM:molecules astrochemistry astrobiology abundances

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A system dynamics model for billion trees tsunami afforestation project of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan:Model application to afforestation activities

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2640-2653页

作者： Naila NAZIR Aqsa FAROOQ Sajjad ahmad JAN aftab ahmad Department of Economics University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000Pakistan Department of Economics Edwardes CollegePeshawar Saddar 25000Pakistan Global Change Impact Study Center Ministry of Climate Change10-Mauve AreaG-8/1IslamabadPakistan

As part of the global effort to plant billion trees,an afforestation project is launched in Pakistan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP)province to conserve existing forests and to increase area under forest *** present study is designed to build a Systems'model by incorporating major activities of the Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project(BTTAP)with special focus on afforestation activities to estimate the growth in forest area of *** of complete dataset was a *** fix the model,the raw data taken from the project office has been *** Commission Form 1-Phase I&II helped us with additional *** relied on the data available for one and half period of the project as rest of the data is subject to the completion of the *** results show that the project target to enhance area under forest differs from the target to afforest area under the *** system dynamics'model projection shows that the forest area of KP would be 23.59 million hectares at the end of the BTTA project,thus having an increase of 3.29%instead of 2%that has been initially ***,the results show that the progress to meet the target in some afforestation classes is slow as compared to other *** forestry,plantation on communal lands and owners'plantation need special focus of the *** would affect 0.02 million hectares area of the *** model under study may be used as a reference model that can be replicated to other areas where billion tree campaigns are going on.

关键词： Billion trees project Afforestation System dynamic model Forest area Deforestation Pakistan

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Are developing countries prepared to face Ebola-like outbreaks?

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第3期30卷 234-237页

作者： aftab ahmad Sadia Ashraf Shoji Komai Graduate School of Biological Sciences Nara Institute of Science and Technology National Academy of Young Scientists (NAYS) Pakistan University of the Punjab

Ebola virus disease has caused havoc in West Africa,with 11,162deaths and more than 27,181 cases(as of May 31,2015)being reported since the virus emerged in early2014 in *** maximum number of cases has been reported in Sierra Leone(12,827),while most of the reported deaths have occurred in Liberia(4,806),according to the Center for Disease Control and

关键词： deaths Africa Sierra Sudan emerged infra officials infected http reservoir

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Interaction of point defects with twin boundaries in Au: A molecular dynamics study

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第9期22卷 496-504页

作者： Fayyaz Hussain Sardar Sikandar Hayat Zulfiqar Ali Shah Najmul Hassan Shaikh aftab ahmad Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Department of Physics Hazara University

The molecular dynamics simulation technique with many-body and semi-empirical potentials （based on the embedded atom method potentials） has been used to calculate the interactions of point defects with （1 1 1）, （1 1 3）, and （1 2 0） twin boundaries in Au at different temperatures. The interactions of single-, di-, and tri-vacancies （at on- and off-mirror sites） with the twin interfaces at 300 K are calculated. All vacancy clusters are favorable at the on-mirror arrangement near the （1 1 3） twin boundary. Single- and di-vacancies are more favorable at the on-mirror sites near the （1 1 l） twin boundary, while they are favorable at the oft-mirror sites near the （1 2 0） twin boundary. Almost all vacancy clusters energetically prefer to lie in planes closest to the interface rather than away from it, except for tri-vacancies near the （1 2 0） interface at the off-mirror site and for 3.3 and 3.4 vacancy clusters at both sites near the （1 1 1） interface, which are favorable away from the interface. The interaction energy is high at high temperatures.

关键词： molecular dynamics twin boundaries vacancy clusters gold

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Viral hepatitis in Pakistan:challenges and priorities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第3期5卷 190-191页

作者： Sadia Ashraf aftab ahmad National Academy of Young Scientists(NAYS) University of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam Campus

Hepatitis B and C are big health issues worldwide as more than 400 million people arc suffering from chronic hepatitis B and C which result in more than 1.4 million deaths each *** to a study done by Pakistan Medical Research Council in 2007-08,7.6%Pakistani population suffered with hepatitis B and *** around 4.8%with hepatitis C *** of Pakistan has taken different initiatives like vaccination,patient safety,blood screening,education and awareness about disease but still there is high prevalence of hepatitis in *** to some studies injecting drug users have the highest prevalence of hepatilis B and C in the *** follow-up studies and documentation of hepatitis patients was not very good which need to be *** is no recent large scale study on risk factors and prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan so it should be done on an urgent *** government set up regional laboratories for prevalence study and also a central institute for hepatitis research and treatment,the disease could be prevented in better and proper *** treatment of hepatitis is very costly and a developing country like Pakistan cannot afford such high *** more focus should be on preventive measures.

关键词： Hepatitis Prevalence Treatment Laboratories Risk groups

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Nosocomial infections and their control strategies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 505-509页

作者： Hassan Ahmed Khan aftab ahmad Riffat Mehboob University of Lahore National Academy of Young Scientists (NAYS) University of the Punjab Department of Biomedical Sciences King Edward Medical University Department of Neuroscience SISSA Trieste Italy

Nosocomial infections are also known as hospital-acquired/associated infections. National Healthcare Safety Network along with Centers for Disease Control for surveillance has classified nosocomial infection sites into 13 types with 50 infection sites, which are specific on the basis of biological and clinical criteria. The agents that are usually involved in hospitalacquired infections include Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Legionella and Enterobacteriaceae family members, namely, Proteus mirablis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens. Nosocomial pathogens can be transmitted through person to person, environment or contaminated water and food, infected individuals, contaminated healthcare personnel's skin or contact via shared items and surfaces. Mainly, multi-drug-resistant nosocomial organisms include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, whereas Clostridium difficile shows natural resistance. Excessive and improper use of broadspectrum antibiotics, especially in healthcare settings, is elevating nosocomial infections, which not only becomes a big health care problem but also causes great economic and production loss in the community. Nosocomial infections can be controlled by measuring and comparing the infection rates within healthcare settings and sticking to the best healthcare practices. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides the methodology for surveillance of nosocomial infections along with investigation of major outbreaks. By means of this surveillance, hospitals can devise a strategy comprising of infection control practices.

关键词： Hospital-acquired infection Antibiotics Control strategies Surveillance

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