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Differential attraction of parasitoids in relation to specificity of kairomones from herbivores and their by-products

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 381-397页

作者： Sumera afsheen Xia Wang Ran Li Chuan-Shu Zhu Yong-Gen Lou Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Infochemicals are used by foraging parasitoids in the host selection process from habitat preference until host recognition. Kairomones from the herbivore host plays a vital role in the attraction of parasitoids, particularly in the micro-habitat. Parasitoids are specifically attracted to their respective herbivore species even when different herbivores are present on the same plant. Chemicals emitted from different stages of host （eggs, larvae, pupae, adult）, host by-products （e.g., frass, exuviae, mandibular gland secretions, defense secretions etc.）, or intra-specific infochemicals （pheromones） can be main signals for the parasitoids. Parasitoids can differentiate between host and non-host, between different hosts and host stages by perceiving specific volatile and contact kairomones from the host itself, host along with its by-product, by-products alone or intra-specific infochemicals; of which frass （by-product） and intra-specific infochemicals are the most reported ones. Adult and larval parasitoids have been reported to be attracted to kairomones of their target stage or byproduct of their host. Pupal parasitoids have been found to utilize kairomones from the preceding host stage while egg parasitoids are known to exploit a variety of host infochemicals, for example, either from eggs themselves or other non-target host stages, especially adults and adult-related by-products. The kairomonal chemicals identified so far include various groups, but mainly hydrocarbons. A high degree of host specificity and host acceptance is important for the parasitoids as any mistake may result in the loss of fitness.

关键词： attraction herbivore host kairomone parasitoid specificity

Survey on proper and safe use of biological safety cabinets (BSCs) in research, bio-medical and animal laboratories in Karachi, Pakistan a cross sectional study

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2020年第2期2卷 77-80页

作者： Shamsul Arfin Qasmi Sarmad Pirzada afsheen Ghani Saima Mohsin Department of Pathology/Microbiology Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College Air UniversityFazaia Ruth Pfau Medical CollegeFaisal Cantonment BoardKarachiPakistan Department of Medicine Dr Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital KarachiPakistan Infectious Disease Laboratory KarachiKarachi CityPakistan Department of Molecular Medicine International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences(ICCBS)Pakistan

Introduction:Past incidences have been recorded relating to mishandling of hazardous material either due to insufficient knowledge or inappropriate equipment resulting in the indirect transfer of infectious *** is necessary to identify gaps that inhibit proper protection of healthcare professionals from being inadvertently exposed to biological ***:A cross sectional study was conducted at multiple laboratories across Karachi,Pakistan from January to August *** questionnaire was used to record data about types and usage of Biological Safety Cabinets(BSCs),along with policies and practices adapted for its ***:A total of 30 laboratories were visited which included Clinical/Biomedical,University hospital,R&D and animal *** these 60%always used BSCs,30%periodically used BSCs while 10%did not have any *** these facilities 63.6%had BSC class II-A2,39.9%had BSC class II-B2,4.5%had BSC class III and only 0.9%had BSC class I *** protocols for field certification of BSCs were ***:Establishment of biosafety training sessions,implementation and development of protocol for field certification for proper and safe use of BSCs on a local basis accompanied by continuous monitoring is required,for creating a safe environment for all laboratory staff.

关键词： Biosafety Public health Biohazard containment Equipment and supplies

Assessment of sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soil and production of seed oil and seed meal for human and animal consumption

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 24-38页

作者： afsheen Zehra Zulfiqar Ali Sahito Wenbin Tong Lin Tang Yasir Hamid Muhammad Bilal Khan Zarina Ali Beena Naqui Xiaoe Yang Ministry of Education(MOE)Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resources ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Botany Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyKarachi 75300Pakistan Technical Extension Station of Soil Fertilizer and Rural Energy QujiangQuzhou 324000China PCSIR Laboratories Complex KarachiDr Salimuzzaman RoadKarachi 75280Pakistan

Phytoremediation is a valuable technology for mitigating soil contamination in agricultural lands,but phytoremediation without economic revenue is unfeasible for land owners and *** use of crops with high biomass and bioenergy for phytoremediation is a unique strategy to derive supplementary benefits along with remediation ***(Helianthus annuus L.)is a high-biomass crop that can be used for the phytoremediation of polluted lands with additional advantages(biomass and oil).In this study,40 germplasms of sunflower were screened in field conditions for phytoremediation with the possibility for oil and meal *** study was carried out to the physiological maturity *** studied germplasms mopped up substantial concentrations of Pb,with maximum amounts in shoot>root>seed *** phytoextraction efficiency of the germplasm was assessed in terms of the Transfer factor(TF),Metal removal efficiency(MRE)and Metal extraction ratio(MER).Among all assessed criteria,GP.8585 was found to be most appropriate for restoring moderately Pb-contaminated soil accompanied with providing high biomass and high yield *** Pb content in the oil of GP.8585 was below the Food safety standard of China,with 59.5% oleic acid and 32.1% linoleic ***,amino acid analysis in meal illustrated significant differences among essential and nonessential amino *** acid was found in the highest percentage(22.4%),whereas cysteine in the lowest percentage(1.3%).Therefore,its efficient phytoextraction ability and good quality edible oil and meal production makes GP.8585 the most convenient sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of moderately Pb-contaminated soil,with fringe benefits to farmers and landowners.

关键词： Heavy metal Soil contamination Metal removal efficiency(MRE) Germplasm(GP) Phytoextraction Edible oil Fatty acids(FA) Amino acids(AAs)

Vegetation-environment relationship in conifer dominating forests of the mountainous range of Indus Kohistan in northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1989-2000页

作者： Adam KHAN Moinuddin AHMED Muhammad Faheem SIDDIQI Mohib SHAH Eduardo Soares CALIXTO afsheen KHAN Paras SHAH Javed IQBAL Muhammad AZEEM Department of Botany University of BunerSwari 19290Pakistan Dr.Moinuddin Ahmed Research Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Plant Ecology Department of Botany FederalUrdu University of ArtsScience and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal campus KarachiKarachi 75300Pakistan Department of Botany University of Karachi Karachi 75270Pakistan Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Entomology University of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoRibeirao Preto 14040-900Brazil Dr.Abdul Ghaffar laboratory of Plant Pathology and Aerobiology Department of BotanyFederal Urdu University ofArtsScience and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal campus KarachiKarachi 75300Pakistan

Environmental variables play a crucial role in shaping vegetation structure,mainly in mountainous *** studies have attempted to identify the environment-vegetation relationship of Conifer Dominating Forests(CDF)***,due to differences in local climate and soil composition,different environmental drivers can be *** applying multivariate analysis techniques,this study investigated the vegetation-environment relationship of CDF of Indus Kohistan in northern *** results showed that CDF of Indus Kohistan are distributed in five distinct ecological groups,which are dominated by different trees and understory species.A total of 7 trees and 71 understory species were recorded from the sampling *** deodara was the leading species among four groups,having the highest importance value(IV),density and basal *** I was dominated by Pinus wallichiana with the second highest importance value,density and basal *** addition,elevation,slope,maximum water holding capacity(MWHC),soil moisture(SM),total organic matter(TOM),sodium,phosphorus and nickel showed highly significant influence on composition and distribution pattern of Indus Kohistan ***,this study shows a new evidence of vegetation-environment relationship,pointing out specific drivers of vegetation structure in CDF of Indus Kohistan region in northern Pakistan.

关键词： Conifer forests Understory species Environmental variables Multivariate analysis Indus Kohistan Northern Pakistan

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in liver transplant recipients diagnosed by serum cytokeratin 18 and transient elastography:A prospective study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 2179-2191页

作者： Alshaima Alhinai afsheen Qayyum-Khan Xun Zhang Patrick Samaha Peter Metrakos Marc Deschenes Philip Wong Peter Ghali Tian-Yan Chen Giada Sebastiani Experimental Medicine McGill UniversityMontreal H4A3J1Canada Medicine McGill University Health CentreMontreal H4A3J1Canada Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology McGill UniversityMontreal H4A3J1Canada Cancer Research Program The Research Institute of McGill University and The Research Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontreal H4A3J1Canada Medicine University of FloridaJacksonvilleFlorida 32218United States

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)seem common after liver *** To investigate incidence and predictors of NAFLD and NASH by employing noninvasive testing in liver transplant recipients,namely controlled attenuation parameter(CAP)and the serum biomarker cytokeratin 18(CK-18).We also evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CK-18 and CAP compared to liver *** We prospectively recruited consecutive adult patients who received liver transplant at the McGill University Health Centre between *** measurements of CK-18 and CAP were *** and NASH were diagnosed by CAP≥270 dB/m,and a combination of CAP≥270 dB/m with CK-18>130.5 U/L,*** and predictors of NAFLD and NASH were investigated using survival analysis and Cox proportional *** Overall,40 liver transplant recipients(mean age 57 years;70%males)were *** a median follow-up of 16.8 mo(interquartile range 15.6-18.0),63.0%and 48.5%of patients developed NAFLD and NASH,*** multivariable analysis,after adjusting for sex and alanine aminotransferase,body mass index was an independent predictor of development of NAFLD[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR):1.21,95%confidence interval(CI):1.04-1.41;P=0.01]and NASH(aHR:1.26,95%CI:1.06-1.49;P<0.01).Compared to liver histology,CAP had a 76%accuracy to diagnose NAFLD,while the accuracy of CAP plus CK-18 to diagnose NASH was 82%.CONCLUSION NAFLD and NASH diagnosed non-invasively are frequent in liver transplant recipients within the first 18 *** follow-up and nutritional counselling should be planned in overweight patients.

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Controlled attenuation parameter Cytokeratin 18 Overweight Accuracy

Influence of cold plasma treatment on insecticidal properties of wheat seeds against red flour beetles

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第8期21卷 97-102页

作者： S afsheen U FATIMA T IQBAL M ABRAR S MUHAMMAD A SAEED M ISA M F MALIK S SHAMAS Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of GujratHafiz Hayat CampusGujrat50700Pakistan Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of GujratHafiz Hayat CampusGujrat50700Pakistan3Department of PhysicsHazara University MansehraMansehra21300Pakistan4Department of PhysicsGovernment College Women UniversitySialkot51310Pakistan

For the long-term fortification of warehoused crops, the insecticidal impact of cold plasma treated wheat seeds against red flour beetles are *** this study, the gain weight loss,mortality and repellency tests of cold plasma treated seeds are investigated and statistical analysis is carried out by SPSS *** plasma treatment is carried out at 800 V for 1 and 4 *** results show that the minimum grain weight loss is observed in plasma treated seeds as compared to controlled *** is also observed that the mortality rate is minimum in the controlled seed while maximum at 4 min plasma ***, the repellent effect has a very small variation as compared to the controlled seed for Tribolium ***, plasma treatment can be considered as a practical and effective method for seed protection against red floor beetles particularly during long-term storage by controlling the insecticidal effects.

关键词： cold plasma mortality repellency grain weight loss quality stored seeds protection

超积累东南景天与油料作物轮间作修复农田镉铅污染的技术模式研究

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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2021年第2期47卷 212-222页

作者：童文彬曹雪蕊江建锋王小子刘国群宋建忠 afsheen Zehra 杨肖娥衢州市衢江区农业农村局浙江衢州324000 浙江大学环境与资源学院环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室杭州310058 衢州市柯城区农业农村局浙江衢州324000 衢州市衢江区莲花镇农业公共服务中心浙江衢州324000

通过有机物料和特异内生菌强化等措施,比较了东南景天单作、东南景天-油菜间作、东南景天/油葵轮作在田间条件下对土壤中镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)的修复效果。结果表明:与所有处理组相比,东南景天/油葵轮作强化修复模式的提取量最高,经过一轮修复... 详细信息

通过有机物料和特异内生菌强化等措施,比较了东南景天单作、东南景天-油菜间作、东南景天/油葵轮作在田间条件下对土壤中镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)的修复效果。结果表明:与所有处理组相比,东南景天/油葵轮作强化修复模式的提取量最高,经过一轮修复,从土壤中提取出了394.8 g/hm2 Cd和110.2 g/hm2 Pb,比其他模式高3.1%~101.0%和22.0%~139.0%。且在该模式下,土壤中总Cd含量下降了26.6%,有效态Cd含量下降了31.1%;总Pb含量下降了4.3%,有效态Pb含量下降了20.9%。从机械化耕作等因素考虑,东南景天/油葵轮作操作简便,更适宜实际的田间应用。

关键词：重金属植物提取东南景天间作轮作强化修复