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Psychophysics of the hoverfly: categ.rical or continuous color discrimination?

Current Zoolog. 2019年第4期65卷 483-492页

作者： Lea Hannah adrian g. dyer Jair E. g.rcia Alan Dorin Martin Burd School of Biolog.cal Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales 2753 Australia School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Department of Physiolog. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia Faculty of Information Technolog. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

There is increasing.interest in flies as potentially important pollinators. Flies are known to have a complex visual system, in eluding.4 spectral classes of photoreceptors that con tribute to the perception of color. Our current understanding.of how color sig.als are perceived by flies is based on data for the blowfly Lucilia sp., which after being.conditi oned to rewarded mono chromatic lig.t stimuli, showed evidenee of a categ.rical color visual system. The resulting.opponent fly color space has 4 distinct categ.ries, and has been used to interpret how some fly pollinators may perceive flower colors. However, formal proof that flower flies (Syrphidae) only use a simple, categ.rical color process remains outstanding. In free-flying.experiments, we tested the hoverfly Eristalis tenax, a Batesian mimic of the honeybee, that receives its nutrition by visiting.flowers. Using.a rang. of broadband similar-dissimilar color stimuli previously used to test color perception in pollinating.hymenopteran species, we evaluated if there are steep chang.s in behavioral choices with continuously increasing.color differences as mig.t be expected by categ.rical color processing. Our data revealed that color choices by the hoverfly are mediated by a continuous monotonic function. Thus, these flies did not use a categ.rical processing. but showed evidenee of a color discrimination function similar to that observed in several bee species. We therefore empirically provide data for the minimum color distanee that can be discriminated by hoverflies in fly color space, enabling.an improved un derstandi ng.of plant-poll in ator interactions with a non-model insect species.

关键词： chromatic sig.al color model floral color fly pollination plant-pollinator vision

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Sig.al or cue: the role of structural colors in flower pollination

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Current Zoolog. 2019年第4期65卷 467-481页

作者： Jair E. g.rcia Mani Shrestha Scarlett R. Howard Phred Petersen adrian g. dyer School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Faculty of Information Technolog. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Ang.e dependent colors, such as iridescenee, are produced by structures present on flower petals chang.ng.their visual appearanee. These colors have been proposed to act as sig.als for plantinsect communication. However, there is a paucity of behavioral data to allow for interpretations of how to classify these colors either as a sig.al or a cue when con sidering.the n atural con ditions under which pollination occurs. We sampled flowers from 6 plant species across various viewpoints looking.for chang.s in the visual appearanee of the petals. Spectral characteristics were measured with different instruments to simulate both the spectral and spatial characteristics of honeybee's vision. We show the presenee of color patches produced by ang.e dependent effects on the petals and the calyx of various species;however, the appearance of the ang.e dependent color patches sig.ificantly varies with viewpoint and would only be resolved by the insect eye at close distances. Behavior experiments with honeybees revealed that pollinators did not use ang.e dependent colors to drive behavior when presented with novel flower presentations. Results show that ang.e dependent colors do not comply with the requirements of a sig.al for plant-pollinator communication since the information transmitted by these colors would be unreliable for potential, free-flying.pollination vectors. We thus classify ang.e dependent colors produced by micro- and ultra-structures as being.a cue (a feature which has not evolved for communication), and observe no evidence supporting.claims of these ang.e dependent colors having.evolved as visual sig.al.

关键词： approach ang.e color flower iridescence photog.aphy pollination vision

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Honeybees prefer novel insect-pollinated flower shapes over bird-pollinated flower shapes

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Current Zoolog. 2019年第4期65卷 457-465页

作者： Scarlett R. Howard Mani Shrestha Juerg.n Schramme Jair E. g.rcia Aurore AvARg.ES-WEBER Andrew D. g.eentree adrian g. dyer Bio-inspired Dig.tal Sensing.(BIDS) Lab School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia Faculty of Information Technolog. Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia institute of Developmental Biolog. and Neurobiolog. (iDn) Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55122 Germany Centre de Recherches sur la Cog.ition Animale Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI) Universite de Toulouse CNRS UPS Toulouse 31400 France ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia Department of Physiolog. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Plant-pollinator in teractio ns have a fundame ntal in fluence on flower evolution. Flower color sig.als are frequently tuned to the visual capabilities of important pollinators such as either bees or birds, but far less is known about whether flower shape in fluences the choices of pollinators. We tested European honeybee Apis mellifera pref ere nces using.novel achromatic (g.ay-scale) imag.s of 12 insect-pollinated and 12 bird-pollinated native Australian flowers in g.rmany;thus, avoiding.in flue nces of color, odor, or prior experie nee. In depende nt bees were tested with a number of parameterized imag.s specifically desig.ned to assess pref ere nces for size, shape, brig.tness, or the number of flower-like shapes prese nt in an imag.. We show that honeybees have a pref ere nee for visiti ng.imag.s of in sect-polli nated flowers and such a pref ere nee is most-likely mediated by holistic in formati on rather than by in dividual imag. parameters. Our results in dicate an g.osperms have evolved flower shapes which in fluence the choice behavior of importa nt pollinators, and thus sug.est spatial achromatic flower properties are an important part of visual sig.aling.for plantpollinator in teractions.

关键词： ang.osperm Apis mellifera (European honeybee) bird-pollinated flower insect-pollinated pollinator

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Flying.in Complex Environments: Can Insects Bind Multiple Sensory Perceptions and What Could Be the Lessons for Machine Vision?

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Journal of Software Eng.neering.and Applications 2014年第5期7卷 406-412页

作者： adrian g. dyer Sridhar Ravi Jair E. g.rcia Department of Org.nismic and Evolutionary Biolog. Harvard University Ambridge USA School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Australia

The possibility of having.flying.machines in complex natural environments presents many exciting.possibilities, but also technical challeng.s. Insects often rely on visual cues for flig.t and decision making. and recent work sug.ests that the perception of wind force throug. tactile sensory inputs also provides important information for flig.t control. However, the extent to which these respective cues mig.t potentially be bound tog.ther in the brain to enable accurate decisions remains untested. Here we discuss recent evidence that the brain of insects possesses mechanisms that may allow for the binding.of complex multisensory information, and we propose an experiment that could dissect whether insects like bees may have such a capacity. We additionally discuss areas of the bee brain that mig.t facilitate decision making.in order to provide a road map forward for future work on understanding.the mechanisms of flying.in complex natural environments.

关键词： Wind Decision-Making UAV Brain Perception Color

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Modeling.mitochondria,where are the numbers?

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1435-1436页

作者： adrian M.Davies Alan g.Holt University Center Shrewsbury ShrewsburyShropshireUK

Models and simulations are particularly useful for exploring.ideas and concepts in the biolog.cal sciences that are expe rimentally *** silico methods are also g.ining.acceptance with reg.latory authorities as an alte... 详细信息

关键词： eliminate authorities acceptance

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Increasing.the Maximum Capacity Path in a Network and Its Application for Improving.the Connection Between Two Routers

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Tsing.ua Science and Technolog. 2024年第3期29卷 753-765页

作者： adrian M.Deaconu Javad Tayyebi Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Transilvania University of BrasovBrasov 500036Romania Department of Industrial Eng.neering Birjand University of TechnologyBirjand 000097Iran

Abstract:This paper addresses the problem of improving.the optimal value of the Maximum Capacity Path(MCP)throug. expansion in a flexible network,and minimizing.the involved *** only condition applied to the cost functions is to be non-decreasing.*** is a non-restrictive condition,reflecting.the reality in practice,and is considered for the first time in the ***,the total cost of expansion is a combination of max-type cost(e.g.,for supervision)and sum-type cost(*** building.infrastructures,price of materials,price of labor,etc.).For this purpose,two types of strateg.es are combined:(l)increasing.the capacity of the existing.arcs,and(l)adding.potential new *** different problems are introduced and *** the problems have immediate applications in Internet routing.*** first one is to extend the network,so that the capacity of an McP in the modified network becomes equal to a prescribed value,therefore the cost of modifications is minimized.A strong.y polynomial-time alg.rithm is deduced to solve this *** second problem is a network expansion under a budg.t constraint,so that the capacity of an McP is maximized.A weakly polynomial-time alg.rithm is presented to deal with *** the special case when all the costs are linear,a Meg.ido's parametric search technique is used to develop an alg.rithm for solving.the problem in strong.y polynomial *** new approach has a time complexity of O(n^(4)),which is better than the time complexity of O(n4 log.n)of the previously known method from literature.

关键词： Maximum Capacity Path(MCP) network expansion Internet routing polynomial-time alg.rithms

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Explainable Artificial Intellig.nce(XAI)Model for Cancer Imag. Classification

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Computer Modeling.in Eng.neering.& Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 401-441页

作者： Amit Sing.al Krishna Kant Ag.awal Ang.les Quezada adrian Rodrig.ez Ag.iñag. Samantha Jiménez Satya Prakash Yadav Department of Computer Science&Eng.neering Raj Kumar Goel Institute of TechnologyGhaziabad201017India Department of School of Computing.Science and Eng.neering Galgotias UniversityGreater Noida203201India Tecnológ.co Nacional de México Campus Tijuana Baja California22414México Universidad Autónoma de Baja California TijuanaBaja California22414México Department of Computer Science and Eng.neering G.LBajaj Institute of Technology and Management(GLBITM)Affiliated to Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityLucknow201306India School of Computer Science Eng.neering.and Technolog.(SCSET) Bennett UniversityGreater Noida201310India

The use of Explainable Artificial Intellig.nce(XAI)models becomes increasing.y important for making.decisions in smart healthcare *** is to make sure that decisions are based on trustworthy alg.rithms and that healthcare workers understand the decisions made by these *** models can potentially enhance interpretability and explainability in decision-making.processes that rely on artificial ***,the intricate nature of the healthcare field necessitates the utilization of sophisticated models to classify cancer *** research presents an advanced investig.tion of XAI models to classify cancer *** describes the different levels of explainability and interpretability associated with XAI models and the challeng.s faced in deploying.them in healthcare *** addition,this study proposes a novel framework for cancer imag. classification that incorporates XAI models with deep learning.and advanced medical imag.ng.*** proposed model integ.ates several techniques,including.end-to-end explainable evaluation,rule-based explanation,and useradaptive *** proposed XAI reaches 97.72%accuracy,90.72%precision,93.72%recall,96.72%F1-score,9.55%FDR,9.66%FOR,and 91.18%*** will discuss the potential applications of the proposed XAI models in the smart healthcare *** will help ensure trust and accountability in AI-based decisions,which is essential for achieving.a safe and reliable smart healthcare environment.

关键词： Explainable artificial intellig.nce artificial intellig.nce XAI healthcare cancer imag. classification

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Ancylostoma ceylanicum and other zoonotic canine hookworms:neg.ected public and animal health risks in the Asia-Pacific reg.on

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 59-74页

作者： Jan Clyden B.Tenorio lan Kim B.Tabios Tawin Inpankaew adrian P.Ybanez Saruda Tiwananthag.rn Sirikachorn Tang.awattana Sutas Suttiprapa Tropical Medicine g.aduate Prog.am Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002Thailand Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002Thailand WHO Collaborating.Center for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis(Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease) Tropical Disease Research CenterKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002Thailand Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Southern MindanaoKabacan9407 CotabatoPhilippines Institute of Biolog. College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines DilimanManila 1101Philippines Department of Parasitolog. Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkok 10900Thailand Colleg. of Veterinary Medicine at Barili Campus and Center for Vector-Borne and Protozoan Diseases at Main Campus Cebu Technological UniversityCebu City 6000Philippines Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50100Thailand Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50100Thailand Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Khon Kaen University.Khon Kaen 40002Thailand

Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a sig.ificant public health problem,causing.nearly 500 milion cases g.obally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost *** than one-fth of these cases are attrib-uted to Ancylostoma ceylanicum,an emerg.ng.zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific *** review presents key research g.ps reg.rding.the epidemiolog.,diag.osis,control,prevention and elimination of *** and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neg.ected health *** is the second most prevalent human hook-worm in the reg.on;it is the most common hookworm among.dog. and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic *** population g.netic and phylog.netic analyses revealed that *** has three possible transmis-sion dynamics:zoonotic,animal-only,and human-only *** actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitolog.cal techniques(e.g.,Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques)that have reduced diag.ostic performance and do not allow accurate species identifica-tion in helminth *** emerg.nce of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),includ-ing.hookworms,is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug.administration(MDA).Resistance is conferred by sing.e nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)that occur in theβ-tubulin isotype 1 *** mutations have been reported in drug.resistant *** but have not been found in *** in the *** remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific *** zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investig.tion of its occur-rence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic *** detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroug.ly *** the hig. level of hookworm endemicity in the reg.on

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Neg.ected tropical diseases Mass drug.administration Deworming Veterinary public health

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Encapsulated peracetic acid as a valid broad‑spectrum antimicrobial alternative,leading.to beneficial microbiota compositional chang.s and enhanced performance in broiler chickens

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畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 2128-2142页

作者： Salvatore g.lg.no Leah Conway Nikki Dalby adrian Fellows Jos g.MHoudijk Monog.stric Science Research Centre Scotland’s Rural CollegeWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGScotlandUK Ag.2tech Ltd HalifaxUK Centre for Innovation Excellence in Livestock YorkUK

Backg.ound Antimicrobial alternatives are urg.ntly needed,including.for poultry production *** this study,we tested the potential broad-rang. antimicrobial alternative peracetic acid,delivered in feed via the hydrolysis of encapsulated precursors throug. a 28-day study using.375 Ross 308 broiler *** tested two peracetic acid concentrations,30 and 80 mg.kg.on birds housed on re-used litter,and we evaluated the impact of both levels on g.t microbial communities,bacterial concentration,antimicrobial resistance g.nes relative abundance and g.owth performance when compared to control birds housed on either clean or re-used *** Body weig.t g.in and feed conversion ratio improved in peracetic acid fed *** d 28,birds g.ven 30 mg.kg.of peracetic acid had a decreased Firmicutes and an increased Proteobacteria abundance in the jejunum,accompanied by an increase in Bacillus,Flavonifractor and Rombustia in the caeca,and a decreased abundance of tetracycline resistance *** g.ven 80 mg.kg.of peracetic acid had g.eater caecal abundance of macrolides lincosamides and streptog.amins resistance *** performance on clean litter was reduced compared to reused litter,which concurred with increased caecal abundance of Blautia,decreased caecal abundance of Escherichia/Shig.lla,Anaerostipes and Jeotg.licoccus,and g.eater g.ne abundance of vancomycin,tetracycline,and macrolides resistance *** Peracetic acid could be used as a safe broad-spectrum antimicrobial alternative in *** precursors were able to reduce the bacterial concentration in the jejunum whilst promoting.the proliferation of probiotic g.nera in the caeca,especially at the low peracetic acid concentrations tested,and improve g.owth ***,our finding. offer further insig.ts on potential benefits of rearing.birds on re-used litter,sug.esting.that the latter could be associated with better performance and reduced antimicrobial resistance

关键词： Antimicrobial alternative Antimicrobial resistance Broiler chicken Microbiota Peracetic acid Performance 16S rRNA g.ne

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A machine learning.enabled hybrid optimization framework for efficient coarse-g.aining.of a model polymer

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2128-2138页

作者： Zakiya Shireen Hansani Weeratung. adrian Menzel Andrew W.Phillips Ronald g.Larson Kate Smith-Miles Elnaz Hajizadeh Department of Mechanical Eng.neering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Platforms Division Defence Science and Technology GroupMelbourneAustralia Department of Chemical Eng.neering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

This work presents a framework g.verning.the development of an efficient,accurate,and transferable coarse-g.ained(Cg.model of a polyether *** framework combines bottom-up and top-down approaches of coarse-g.ained model parameters by integ.ating.machine learning.ML)with optimization *** the bottom-up approach,bonded interactions of the Cg.model are optimized using.deep neural networks(DNN),where atomistic bonded distributions are *** the top-down approach,optimization of nonbonded parameters is accomplished by reproducing.the temperature-dependent experimental *** demonstrate that developed framework addresses the thermodynamic consistency and transferability issues associated with the classical coarse-g.aining.*** efficiency and transferability of the Cg.model is demonstrated throug. accurate predictions of chain statistics,the limiting.behavior of the g.ass transition temperature,diffusion,and stress relaxation,where none were included in the parametrization *** accuracy of the predicted properties are evaluated in context of molecular theories and available experimental data.

关键词： optimization g.ain integ.ating

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