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Optimization and evaluation of reduced graphene oxide hydrogel composite as a demulsifier for heavy crude oil-in-water emulsion

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第5期34卷 297-305页

作者： Kin Kit Fong Inn Shi Tan Henry Chee Yew Foo Man Kee Lam adrian chiong yuh tiong Steven Lim Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin UniversityCDT 25098009 MiriSarawakMalaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin UniversityMiri 98009Malaysia Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri Iskandar 32610Malaysia HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research Institute of Self-Sustainable BuildingUniversiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri Iskandar 32610Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul RahmanKajang 43000Malaysia Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanKajang 43000Malaysia

The rising production of produced water from oilfields had been proven to bring detrimental environmental *** this study,an efficient,recyclable,and environmental-friendly reduced graphene oxide immobilizedκ-Carrageenan hydrogel composite(κCaGO)was fabricated as an alternative sorbent for crude oil-in-water ***(PEI)was employed to form a stable hydrogel *** conditions for the immobilization of graphene oxide(GO)on PEI-modifiedκ-Carrageenan(κC)beads were optimized *** immobilization yield of 77%was attained at 2%PEI,2 h immobilization activation time,and pH ***,the synthesizedκCaGO is capable of demulsification with an average demulsification efficiency of 70%.It was found that the demulsification efficiency increases with salinity andκCaGO dosage,and it deteriorates under alkaline *** phenomena can be attributed to the interfacial interactions betweenκCaGO and the ***,theκCaGO can be recycled to use for up to six cycles without significant leaching and *** such,the synthesizedκCaGO could be further developed as a potential sorbent substitute for the separation of crude oil from produced water.

关键词： Graphene oxide κ-Carrageenan Adsorbents Demulsification Composites Waste water

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Tribological evaluation of refined,bleached and deodorized palm stearin using four-ball tribotester with different normal loads

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第8期13卷 633-640页

作者： chiong Ing tiong Yahya AZLI Mohammed Rafiq ABDUL KADIR Samion SYAHRULLAIL School of Postgraduate Studies Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM SkudaiJohorMalaysia Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM SkudaiJohorMalaysia Faculty of Biomedical Engineering & Health Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM SkudaiJohorMalaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM SkudaiJohorMalaysia

The effects of the mechanical factors with applied loads on the tribological performance of refined,bleached and deodorised(RBD) palm stearin(PS) were studied using a four-ball *** the RBD PS results were simultaneously compared with the additive-free paraffinic mineral oil(PMO).The experiments were carried out using different loads with a constant speed in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanical processes that occurred during the *** each experiment,the temperature was increased to 75 °C and was run for 1 *** a mechanical system,lubricant plays an important role in reducing wear and *** exists as a semi-solid at room temperature after the fractionation process from oil *** to the increasing rate of pollution to the environment,vegetable oil was chosen as the test lubricant with regard to its *** advantages of vegetable oil are that it is more easily harvestable and non-toxic compared to petroleum-based oil,which made it a suitable *** the experiment,RBD PS is found to have a better friction constraint reduction compared with additive-free PMO.

关键词： Palm stearin (PS) Four-ball tribotester Paraffinic mineral oil (PMO) Friction coefficient

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Prospective validation of %p2PSA and the Prostate Health Index, in prostate cancer detection in initial prostate biopsies of Asian men, with total PSA 4-10 ng ml-1

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第3期19卷 286-290页

作者： Lincoln GL Tan Yung Khan Tan Bee Choo Tai Karen ML Tan Vineet Gauhar Ho Yee tiong Robert CW Hawkins Thomas P Thamboo Felicia SK Hong Edmund chiong Department of Urology National University Hospital National University Health System Singapore Department of Urology Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Laboratory Medicine National University Hospital Singapore Department of Urology Alexandra Hospital Jurong Health Singapore Department of Laboratory Medicine Tan Teck Seng Hospital Singapore Department of Pathology National University Hospital Singapore.

Despite its widespread use for prostate cancer screening, low specificity makes PSA a suboptimal biomarker, especially in the diagnostic ＂gray zone＂ of 4-10 ng ml-1, False-positives lead to unnecessary biopsies with attendant morbidities. This is the first prospective validation study of %p2PSA and the Prostate Health Index （PHI） in Asian men presenting with a total PSA between 4.0 and 10 ng m1-1. We studied 157 Asian men between 50 and 75 years old, with normal per rectal prostate examinations, undergoing their first prostate biopsy, using a standardized biopsy protocol, for PSA levels of 4-10 ng ml-1, Thirty （19.1%） were found to have prostate cancer on biopsy. Statistically significant differences between patients with and without prostate cancer were found for total PSA, p2PSA, %p2PSA, and PHh The areas under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for total PSA, %fPSA, %p2PSA, and PHI were 0.479, 0.420, 0.695, and 0.794, respectively. PHI predicts prostatic biopsies results best. At a sensitivity of 90%, the specificity （95% CI） of PHI was 58.3%, more than triple the specificity of total PSA at 17.3%, potentially avoiding 77 （49%） unnecessary biopsies. Similar to studies in mainly Caucasian populations, we have prospectively shown that %p2PSA and PHI greatly outperform total and free to total PSA ratio, in the detection of prostate cancer at first biopsy. Higher PHi levels also correspond to increasing the risk of detecting GS ≥7 cancers. We have validated the use of PHI to aid decision-making regarding prostate biopsies in Asian men with serum PSA between 4 and 10 ng *** its widespread use for prostate cancer screening, low specificity makes PSA a suboptimal biomarker, especially in the diagnostic ＂gray zone＂ of 4-10 ng m1-1, False-positives lead to unnecessary biopsies with attendant morbidities. This is the first prospective validation study of %p2PSA and the Prostate Health Index （PHI） in Asian men presenting with a total PSA betwe

关键词： biological markers prostate specific antigen prostatic neoplasms

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