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Maternal dystocia in cows and buffaloes: A Review

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2011年第2期1卷 41-53页

作者： Govind Narayan Purohit Yogesh Barolia Chandra shekhar Pramod Kumar 不详

The maternal causes of dystocia in cattle and buffaloes are analyzed. Uterine torsion appears to be the most frequent maternal cause of dys-tocia in buffaloes whereas improper cervical dilation appears to be more frequent maternal cause of dystocia in cattle. Failure of uterine expulsive forces (Uterine Inertia) and neo-plasm’s of vagina, vulva and uterus are com-monly seen in cows and buffaloes. The various maternal causes of dystocia in cattle and buf-faloes and their management are described.

关键词： Dystocia Maternal Uterine Torsion Inertia Neoplasms

Isolated gonadotropin deficiency with primary empty sella: Causal or casual association?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012年第3期2卷 276-278页

作者： Shashank shekhar Chanderdeep Sharma Mukesh Surya Neeti Aggarwal Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Dr RPGMC Tanda Kangra India Department of Radiodiagnosis Dr RPGMC Tanda Kangra India Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC) Shimla India

Empty sella is a radiological-anatomical entity characterised by a sella turcica filled partially or completely with cerebrospinal fluid, leading to varying degrees of pituitary flattening. Literature reports a 5% - 20% incidence of empty sella in unselected autopsies leading many to argue that its an extreme normal variant. Endocrine dysfunction varies from 8% - 25% with primary empty sella with growth hormone deficiency being most common. However isolated gonadotropin deficiency with normal sized primary empty sella are rare if any. We are reporting a case of isolated gonadotropin deficiency with primary empty sella unable to confirm or refute the association as causal or casual.

关键词： Empty Sella Empty Sella Syndrome Gonadotropin Deficiency

Geospatial Opinion on Unusual Locust Swarm Invasions during Amphan Cyclone

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第12期8卷 144-161页

作者： Giribabu Dandabathula Manish Verma Srinvasa Rao Sitiraju Chandra shekhar Jha Regional Remote Sensing Centre-West NRSC Indian Space Research Organization Jodhpur India National Remote Sensing Centre Indian Space Research Organization Hyderabad India

The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forsk. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is a peculiar insect that exhibits density-dependent phase polyphenism. Gregarious phase enables desert locust to form a large groups and mass migrations during which significant crop loss and food security issues may occur. Currently, the most recent upsurge of desert locust is prevailing across Eastern Africa and Southwestern Asia. Usually desert locusts are restricted to regions like semi-arid and arid regions. A super cyclonic storm, namely Amphan originated during May 2020, in the Bay of Bengal of North Indian Ocean has influenced numerous swarms to migrate from the Thar desert region to other parts of India. In this research, satellite data were used to investigate the reasons for this sudden swarm migration. The results that revealed the wind jets passing above the Thar desert region have integrated with the cyclogenesis of Amphan and led to the formation of conduits. The favorable conditions in the conduits include the open sky conditions, air temperature and fresh vegetation availability. Moreover, the wind settings in the conduits have enabled the swarm migrate to follow the downwind facing the sunrays during early mornings for an easy and successful take-off. It is observed that during the take-off session the wind speed at 850 hPa pressure level is mostly double than that of surface wind in both the conduits.

关键词： Cyclone-Borne Winds Locust Swarms Migration Amphan Desert Locust Trajectory

Recent Advances in Detection of Ochratoxin-A

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Open Journal of Applied Biosensor 2013年第1期2卷 1-11页

作者： Ajeet Kaushik Sunil K. Arya Abhay Vasudev shekhar Bhansali Bioelectronics Program Institute of Microelectronics A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) 11 Science Park Road Singapore Science Park II Singapore 117685 Singapore Bio-MEMS and Microsystems Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University Miami USA Bio-MEMS and Microsystems Lab Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFlorida International University Miami USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami USA

Ochratoxin-A[7-(L-β-phenylalanylcarbonyl)-carboxyl-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-3R-methyl-isocumarin, OTA] is a common food contaminant mycotoxin that enters the human body through the consumption of improperly stored food products. Upon ingestion, it leads to immuno-suppression and immuno-toxicity. OTA has been known to produce nephrotoxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic activity (via oxidative DNA damage) in several species. This review introduces potentials of electrochemical biosensor to provide breakthroughs in OTA detection through improved selectivity and sensitivity and also the current approaches for detecting OTA in food products.

关键词： Biopolymer Mycotoxins Ochratoxin-A Chitosan Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposite Biosensors

Estimation of Global Solar Radiation for Four Selected Sites in Nepal Using Sunshine Hours, Temperature and Relative Humidity

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2013年第3期1卷 1-9页

作者： Krishna R. Adhikari Binod K. Bhattarai shekhar Gurung Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

Rational and accurate solar energy databases, essential for designing, sizing and performing the solar energy systems in any part of the world, are not easily accessible in different localities of Nepal. In this study, daily global solar radiation, sunshine hours and meteorological data for Biratnagar, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Jumla have been used to derive the regression constants. The linear regression technique has been used to develop a model for Biratnagar, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Jumla. The model has calculated the global solar radiation for these locations. The values of global solar radiation estimated by the model are found to be in close agreement with measured values of respective sites. The estimated values were compared with Angstrom-Prescott model and examined using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), mean percentage error (MPE), coefficient of regression (R), coefficient of determinant (R2) and correlation coefficient (CC) statistical techniques. Thus, the resultant correlations and linear regression relations may be then used for the locations of similar meteorological/geographical characteristics and also can be used to estimate the missing data of solar radiation for the respective site.

关键词： Global Solar Radiation Clearness Index Sunshine Hours Linear Regression Relation Model

Testosterone and Its Analogs as a Male Contraceptive

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2013年第3期3卷 10-18页

作者： Abdul S. Ansari Chandra shekhar Yadav Nirmal K. Lohiya Centre for Advanced Studies Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur India

Male contraception by means of hormonal approach was initiated more than 60 years ago when men became azoospermic with administration of testosterone. The basic principle of male hormonal contraception is suppression of spermatogenesis. Exogenous testosterone/testosterone analogs alone or in combination with progestin have been tested for contraceptive efficacy by inhibiting gonadotropins release from pituitary gland. In this review article, advancement in different testosterone preparation tested alone or in combination for contraceptive efficacy has been focused. Administration of testosterone or testosterone analogs alone failed to provide uniform azoospermia or severe oligospermia (gestin combination has proved better contraceptive efficacy than testosterone alone. Further, long term studies with hormonal regimens and other alternative approaches are required with fewer side effects for development of safe and reversible contraceptive.

关键词： Hormonal Contraception Suppression of Spermatogenesis Testosterone Androgen-Progestin Combination

Urolithiasis in inflammatory bowel disease and bariatric surgery

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第6期5卷 538-546页

作者： Agapios Gkentzis Michael Kimuli Jon Cartledge Olivier Traxer Chandra shekhar Biyani Department of Urology St James's University Hospital Department of Urology Tenon Hospital University Pierre and Marie Curie

AIM To analyse current literature focusing on pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects of urolithiasis with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and following bariatric surgery. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, supplemented with additional references. Studies assessing the association of IBD or bariatric surgery with renal stones in both paediatric and adulthood were included. RESULTS Certain types of stones are seen more frequently with IBD. Hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia are the main metabolic changes responsible for urolithiasis. The incidence of renal stones in malabsorptive types of bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass is high; this is not as common in modern restrictive surgical methods. Preventative methods and urine alkalinisation have been shown to be *** Both conditions are associated with renal stones. Patients' counselling and prevention strategies are the mainstay of urolithiasis management in these patients.

关键词： Kidney stones Inflammatory bowel disease Bariatric surgery Crohn’s Ulcerative colitis Urolithiasis

Chemical sensing through photonic crystal fiber:sulfuric acid detection

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第4期12卷 372-381页

作者： Etu PODDER Md.Belial HOSSAIN Rayhan Habib JIBON Abdullah Al-Mamun BULBUL Himadri shekhar MONDAL Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna-9208Bangladesh Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering(ETE) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalganjBangladesh

A photonic crystal fiber(PCF)for sensing of sulfuric acid is designed and analyzed using Comsol *** analyze the sensor performance,0%,10%,20%,30%,40%H2SO4 solution is placed into the fiber separately and then relative sensitivity,confinement loss,birefringence,effective area *** investigated for each solution over wavelength ranging from 0.8 to 1.8μ*** sensor structure affords moderately high relative sensitivity and around 63.4%sensitivity is achieved for the highest concentration of H2SO4 at the wavelength 1.5|im inxpolarization *** PCF model also shows zero confinement loss for all solutions of H2SO4 over wavelength ranging from 1 to 1.35μm and later on approximately 1.422×10^-17 dB/km confinement loss is found for the highest concentration of H2SO4 at 1.5|im ***,higher birefringence is attained when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower and it is achieved 7.5×10^-4 at 1.5μm ***,higher sensing area is achieved at high concentration of sulfuric acid.

关键词： refractive index confinement loss birefri gence relative sensitivity

Concentration Dependence of Thermodynamic Properties of NaPb Liquid Alloy

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2011年第3期1卷 97-100页

作者： Bhrigunandan Prasad Singh Jitendra Kumar Indu shekhar Jha Devendra Adhikari Department of Physics M.M.A.M. Campus Biratnagar Tribhuvan Univerity Nepal

We have determined integral excess free energy of mixing, heat of mixing and entropy of mixing of NaPb alloys in molten state at 700 K. The observed asymmetry in the properties of mixing of NaPb alloy in molten state is successfully explained on the basis of regular associated solution model. The theoretical analysis reveals that the pairwise interaction energies between the species depend considerably on temperature.

关键词： Liquid alloys free energy of mixing entropy of mixing mole fraction