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Multiscale control of MnO_(2) growth via[WO_(6)]-perturbed[MnO_(6)]assembly toward a favorable balance between capacitance and rate performance

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1658-1671页

作者： Jin-Kang Liu Tian-Shuo Yang Zhi-Bin Ren adekunle-adedapo obisanya Xin-Yi Tan Yan-Di Rao Jun-Shuang Zhou Fa-Ming Gao Jian-Ren Wang Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China

Although pseudocapacitive manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))integrates the high-power merit of carbonaceous materials with the high-energy merit of battery-type materials,it still has a long way to go in achieving a more satisfactory balance of higher energy and power density,and in decoupling the relationship of structural characteristics with energy storage *** realize such goals,a bottom-up[WO_(6)]-perturbed[MnO_(6)]assembly strategy has been developed here due to their similar structure,yet mismatched lattice *** facile protocol is capable of finely controlling the morphology and crystal structure of MnO_(2)by adjusting its internal[WO_(6)]***,the as-prepared W_xMnO_(2)is treated as an ideal platform to scrutinize the correlations of the structure with the energy storage *** operando Raman spectra and finite element analysis have fully demonstrated the superiority of the locally ordered defects-enriched structure of W_(0.02)-MnO_(2),which could reach a favorable balance between the ion diffusion equilibrium time and the number of active *** a result,the W_(0.02)-MnO_(2)is able to deliver a high capacitance of 292 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and a remarkable rate performance with a 60%capacity retention at a current density of 50 A·g^(-1).The further unveiled structure-performance relationship provides a guideline for the design of better pseudocapacitive energy storage devices.

关键词： Supercapacitors Pseudocapacitive materials MnO_(2) Tungsten doping Crystal structure regulation

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Energy-Exergy Analysis and Carbon (IV) Oxide Emission of an Aluminium Extrusion Plant in Nigeria

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Engineering（科研） 2017年第12期9卷 1048-1059页

作者： Mufutau Adekojo Waheed Peter Olaitan Aiyedun Wasiu Oyediran Adedeji adekunle adedapo obisanya Semiu Taiwo Amosun Adeniyi Oluwole Adesina Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Technology Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria

Energy security, cost of production and environmental constraints have necessitated the need for proper energy utilisation in the manufacturing industries. This work analysed energy and production data from an aluminium extrusion plant in Lagos, Nigeria for energy efficiency, exergy efficiency (or process?efficiency), energy cost per unit of production, CO2 emission and pollution?rate?index. The input-output energy analysis method was used to estimate the?embodied energy intensity. The pollution rate, energetic and exergetic efficiencies were estimated from the exergy analysis. The CO2 emission was estimated?from IPCC guideline on greenhouse inventories and the energy cost of unit?produce was estimated from energy cost accounting method. The five-year average thermal and electrical utilisation ratio was 45/55, which deviated from the 70:30 of the global best practices. The embodied energy intensity for the five years’ ranges between 2.31 - 162.3 GJ/t which is in excess of the recommended?range of (2.9 - 3.2 GJ/t). The mean energy efficiency for the five year was 79.4% and the mean exergetic efficiency was 57.8% indicating that production was well?managed (>50%) with energy wastages very high in boiler energy conversion. The total energy used was 16 MJ and CO2 emitted is 1.01 × 1011 g during the study period. The average pollution rate index for the plant was 0.8695 indicating that the plant is negatively impacting the environment due to technological limitation of the energy conversion process employed in the manufacturing plant. The study reveals a distortion of the recommended best practice in energy balance ratio which accounted for the high average cost of production (N 4418.3/t);process efficiency was generally low thereby negatively affecting industrial output for the company.

关键词： Exergy Energy Carbon (IV) Oxide Emission Pollution

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Efficiency of Energy Utilisation in a Nigeria Sausage Producing Factory

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2017年第12期5卷 100-108页

In this study, a five-year (2010-2014) production and energy utilisation data in a sausage producing company in Nigeria was analysed for energy consumption, energy intensity, energy productivity, cost of energy per unit product and Normalized Performance Indicator (NPI). The average annual energy consumption was 15,853.22 GJ. The energy consumption mix was 27.66% PHCN main, 32.06% diesel generators and 40.28% oven gas. Main electricity supply from utility company contributed to 25.04% of the total energy cost while diesel was 44.24% and oven gas was 30.71% of the total cost. The average production output from the factory was 595,700 tonnes and the average cost of energy input was 6.71 kobo/kg for the five-year period. The values of cost of energy input per unit product showed a decreasing trend for the five years. The energy intensity also increased through the study years with an average of 1.67 GJ/m2 while the energy productivity decreased throughout the years with an average of 28.3 kJ/kg. The Normalized Performance Indicator (NPI) values calculated for the five years showed steady increment with an average of 1.61 GJ/m2. This indicated a “very poor” range which implies an excessive energy usage, immediate action should be taken to investigate and remedy this.

关键词： Energy Utilisation Energy Intensity Energy Productivity Cost of Energy Input Normalized Performance Indicator

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