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a.erica. Journa. of a.a.ytica. Chemistry 2020年第1期11卷 47-59页

作者： idris a.inu Sa.i M. Gumel Wa.ila.a. a.ma. adamu a. idris Depa.tment of Pure a.d Industria. Chemistry Faculty of Physical Sciences College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences Bayero University Kano Nigeria

In this study, a.sorption of Congo red dye onto a.tiva.ed ca.bon prepa.ed from Jujube (Ziziphus Ma.ritia.ia. seeds with phosphoric a.id a. the a.tiva.ing a.ent wa. investiga.ed. Ba.ch a.sorption studies were ca.ried out to study the influence of conta.t time, a.sorbent dosa.e a.d initia. dye concentra.ion on the a.sorption. The da.a.wa. a.a.ysed using pseudo-first order a.d pseudo-second order kinetic models. The pseudo-second order kinetic model wa. found to describe the a.sorption more effectively with a.perfect correla.ion coefficient of unity. The ra.e consta.t, K wa. obta.ned a. 0.182 (g/mg min) a.d the ca.cula.ed qe (9.81) is very close to the experimenta. va.ue (9.78). a.high correla.ion coefficient obta.ned when the da.a.wa. a.a.ysed with the intra.a.ticle diffusion ra.e equa.ion, revea.ed the presence of intra.a.ticle diffusion in the a.sorption process even though it is not the sole controlling step a. shown by the va.ue of the intercept (C ≠ 0). Isotherm studies showed tha. there is high correla.ion in ea.h ca.e when the da.a.wa. modelled with La.gmuir, Freundlich, Temkin a.d Dubinin-Ra.ushkevic isotherm models but the best fit wa. obta.ned with the Freundlich model with R2 = 0.9991, a.sorption ca.a.ity, KF = 19.73 (mg/g)(mg/L)1/n a.d n = 1.563 indica.ing the a.sorption is fa.oura.le a.d occurs on a.heterogeneous surfa.e by multila.er. The study showed tha. a.tiva.ed ca.bon from jujube seeds is a. effective a.sorbent for the remova. of Congo red dye from solution.

关键词： a.sorption Kinetics Isotherms Jujube Seeds Congo Red

Ra.iona. Design of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Ferrites a. a.r Electrode for Highly a.tive a.d Dura.le Reversible Protonic Cera.ic Cells

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Na.o-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 308-324页

作者： Na.Yu idris Temitope Bello Xi Chen Tong Liu Zheng Li Yufei Song Meng Ni Depa.tment of Building a.d Rea. Esta.e Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development(RISUD)and Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Resea.ch Institute Shenzhen 518057GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. a.d a.rospa.e Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Reversible protonic cera.ic cells(RePCCs)hold promise for efficient energy stora.e,but their pra.tica.ity is hindered by a.la.k of high-performa.ce a.r electrode ***-Popper perovskite Sr_(3)Fe_(2)O_(7−δ)(SF)exhibits superior proton upta.e a.d ra.id ionic conduction,boosting ***,excessive proton upta.e during RePCC opera.ion degra.es SF’s crysta. structure,impa.ting *** study introduces a.novel a.B-sites co-substitution stra.egy for modifying a.r electrodes,incorpora.ing Sr-deficiency a.d Nb-substitution to crea.e Sr_(2.8)Fe_(1.8)Nb_(0.2)O_(7−δ)(D-SFN).Nb sta.ilizes SF’s crysta.,curbing excessive pha.e forma.ion,a.d Sr-deficiency boosts oxygen va.a.cy concentra.ion,optimizing oxygen *** D-SFN electrode demonstra.es outsta.ding a.tivity a.d dura.ility,a.hieving a.pea. power density of 596 mW cm^(−2)in fuel cell mode a.d a.current density of−1.19 a.cm^(−2)in electrolysis mode a. 1.3 V,650℃,with excellent cycling *** a.proa.h holds the potentia. for a.va.cing robust a.d efficient a.r electrodes in RePCCs for renewa.le energy stora.e.

关键词： Reversible protonic cera.ic cells a.r electrode Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Hydra.ion Oxygen reduction rea.tion

a.a.ta.le a.d Dyna.ic a.cess Control Decision-Enforcement a.proa.h Ba.ed on Multila.er Hybrid Deep Lea.ning Techniques in BYOD Environment

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Computers, Ma.eria.s & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4663-4686页

作者： a.jua.d Turkea.a.edh M a.nuddin Wa.id a.dul Wa.a. Mohd Ya.a.i Idna.idris Fa.ulty of Computer Science a.d Informa.ion Technology Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Fa.ulty of Computer Science a.d Informa.ion Technology Shaqra UniversityShaqra11961Saudi Arabia Center for Mobile Cloud Computing Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Orga.iza.ions a.e a.opting the Bring Your Own Device(BYOD)concept to enha.ce productivity a.d reduce ***,this trend introduces security cha.lenges,such a. una.thorized *** a.cess control systems,such a. a.tribute-Ba.ed a.cess Control(a.a.)a.d Role-Ba.ed a.cess Control(RBa.),a.e limited in their a.ility to enforce a.cess decisions due to the va.ia.ility a.d dyna.ism of a.tributes rela.ed to users a.d *** pa.er proposes a.method for enforcing a.cess decisions tha. is a.a.ta.le a.d dyna.ic,ba.ed on multila.er hybrid deep lea.ning techniques,pa.ticula.ly the Ta.ula. Deep Neura. Network Ta.ula. DNN *** technique tra.sforms a.l input a.tributes in a. a.cess request into a.bina.y cla.sifica.ion(a.low or deny)using multiple la.ers,ensuring a.cura.e a.d efficient a.cess *** proposed solution wa. eva.ua.ed using the Ka.gle a.a.on a.cess control policy da.a.et a.d demonstra.ed its effectiveness by a.hieving a.94%a.cura.y ***,the proposed solution enha.ces the implementa.ion of a.cess decisions ba.ed on a.va.iety of resource a.d user a.tributes while ensuring priva.y through indirect communica.ion with the Policy a.ministra.ion Point(Pa.).This solution significa.tly improves the flexibility of a.cess control systems,ma.ing themmore dyna.ic a.d a.a.ta.le to the evolving needs ofmodern ***,it offers a.sca.a.le a.proa.h to ma.a.e the complexities a.socia.ed with the BYOD environment,providing a.robust fra.ework for secure a.d efficient a.cess ma.a.ement.

关键词： BYOD security a.cess control a.cess control decision-enforcement deep lea.ning neura. network techniques Ta.ula.DNN multila.er dyna.ic a.a.ta.le flexibility bottlenecks performa.ce policy conflict

Esta.lishing delivery route-dependent sa.ety a.d effica.y of living biodrug mesenchyma. stem cells in hea.t fa.lure pa.ients

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World Journa. of Ca.diology 2024年第6期16卷 339-354页

作者： Muha.ma. Ca.dra.upta.Jihwa.ra.i idris Sula.Moha.ed a.med Cha.ba. Kha.a.a.Husna.n Ha.der Ba.ic Sciences SRCAl Bukayriyah 52736AlQaseemSaudi Arabia

Ba.KGROUND Mesenchyma. stem cells(MSCs)a. living biopha.ma.eutica.s with unique properties,i.e.,stemness,via.ility,phenotypes,pa.a.rine a.tivity,etc.,need to be a.ministered such tha. they rea.h the ta.get site,ma.nta.ning these properties uncha.ged a.d a.e reta.ned a. the injury site to pa.ticipa.e in the repa.r *** of delivery(RoD)rema.ns one of the critica. determina.ts of sa.ety a.d *** study elucida.es the sa.ety a.d effectiveness of different RoDs of MSC trea.ment in hea.t fa.lure(HF)ba.ed on pha.e II ra.domized clinica. tria.s(RCTs).We hypothesize tha. the RoD modula.es the sa.ety a.d effica.y of MSCba.ed thera.y a.d determines the outcome of the *** To investiga.e the effect of RoD of MSCs on sa.ety a.d effica.y in HF *** RCTs were retrieved from six *** endpoints included morta.ity a.d serious a.verse events(Sa.s),while effica.y outcomes encompa.sed cha.ges in left ventricula. ejection fra.tion(LVEF),6-minute wa.k dista.ce(6MWD),a.d pro-B-type na.riuretic peptide(pro-BNP).Subgroup a.a.yses on RoD were performed for a.l study *** Twelve RCTs were ***,MSC thera.y demonstra.ed a.significa.t decrea.e in morta.ity[rela.ive risk(RR):0.55,95%confidence interva.(95%CI):0.33-0.92,P=0.02]compa.ed to control,while Sa. outcomes showed no significa.t difference(RR:0.84,95%CI:0.66-1.05,P=0.11).RoD subgroup a.a.ysis revea.ed a.significa.t difference in Sa. a.ong the tra.sendoca.dia.(TESI)injection subgroup(RR=0.71,95%CI:0.54-0.95,P=0.04).The pooled weighted mea. difference(WMD)demonstra.ed a. overa.l significa.t improvement of LVEF by 2.44%(WMD:2.44%,95%CI:0.80-4.29,P va.ue≤0.001),with only intra.orona.y(IC)subgroup showing significa.t improvement(WMD:7.26%,95%CI:5.61-8.92,P≤0.001).Furthermore,the IC delivery route significa.tly improved 6MWD by 115 m(WMD=114.99 m,95%CI:91.48-138.50),*** biochemica. effica.y outcomes,only the IC subgroup showed a.significa.t reduction in pro-

关键词： Clinica. tria. Hea.t fa.lure Mesenchyma. stem cells Living biodrug Meta.a.a.ysis Stem cells Systema.ic review

a.timicrobia. a.tivity of Some Commercia. Toothpa.tes a.d a.tibiotics on Two Ora. Pa.hogenic Ba.teria.a. in-Vitro Study

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Journa. of Biosciences a.d Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 168-181页

作者： a.uba.er Elrotob idris Ka.a.ci Depa.tment of Biomedica. Engineering Engineering Faculty Karabuk University Karabuk Türkiye Depa.tment of Electric-Electronic Engineering Engineering and Natural Science Faculty U&scedilak University U&scedilak Türkiye Depa.tment of Electric-Electronic Engineering Engineering Faculty &Scedil&imathrnak University &Scedil&imathrnak Türkiye

Ora. hea.th problems such a. periodonta. disea.es, denta. ca.ies, a.d endodontic infections ha.e a.significa.t nega.ive impa.t on ora. hea.th a.d impose a.substa.tia. fina.cia. burden on the globa. popula.ion. The preva.ence of these issues is increa.ing due to the buildup of ba.teria. pla.ue a.d the growing resista.ce of ba.teria.to a.timicrobia. trea.ments. The a.ms of this study to eva.ua.e the a.ti-ba.teria. a.tivity of four types of a.tibiotics (a.oxicillin, a.gmentin, a.ithromycin a.d Metronida.ole) a.d four types of toothpa.tes (Sensodyne, ipa.a. denta.a.d ca.ia. Gingiva. Kin) on two ora. pa.hogenic ba.teria.(Streptococcus muta.s a.d Sta.hylococcus epidermidis). Ba.teria. sa.ples of previously isola.ed Streptococcus muta.s a.d Sta.hylococcusepidermidis were used a. test orga.isms a.d the Kirby-Ba.er disc diffusion method wa. employed to a.sess the a.tiba.teria. effica.y of va.ious a.tibiotics a.d eva.ua.e the impa.t of different toothpa.tes using a.filter pa.er disc a.a. mea.urement technique. Ea.h filter disc wa. sa.ura.ed with toothpa.te solution in a.test tube for a.proxima.ely 30 to 40 seconds, a.ter which they were pla.ed on Mueller-Hinton broth ba.teria. cultures in petri dishes. These Petri dishes were then incuba.ed a. 37°C for 24 hours, a.d the clea. zone’s dia.eter (inhibition zone in mm) wa. subsequently mea.ured a.d the results were recorded. The results demonstra.ed tha. Sensodyne toothpa.te a.d Metronida.ole a.tibiotic were ineffective a.a.nst both types of ba.teria. while a.gmentin a.d a.oxicillin were effective by high dia.eter inhibition zones of growth a.a.nst S. muta.s a.d a.ithromycine a.a.nst S. epidermidis. a.so Ipa.a. Denta. a.d Ca.ia. Gingiva. Kin toothpa.tes exhibited a.modera.e effect a.a.nst the two ba.teria. This study suggests tha. certa.n a.tibiotics a.d toothpa.tes ca. effectively inhibit the growth of ha.mful ora. ba.teria. but not a.l of them a.e effective.

关键词： a.tiba.teria. Effect a.tibiotics Toothpa.tes Streptococcus muta.s Sta.hylococcus epidermidis

Pseudora.ies virus VHS protein a.roga.es interferon responses by blocking NF-κB a.d IRF3 nuclea. tra.sloca.ion

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Virologica.Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 587-599页

作者： Zhenfa.g Ya. Jia.u Yue Ya.in Zha.g Zhengya.g Hou Dia.yu Li Ya.mei Ya.g Xia.grong Li a.i idris Huixia.Li Sha.ha.Li Jingying Xie Ruofei Feng Key La.ora.ory of Biotechnology a.d Bioengineering of Sta.e Ethnic Biomedica. Resea.ch Center Northwest Minzu UniversityLanzhou730030China College of Life Science a.d Engineering Northwest Minzu UniversityLanzhou730030China Ga.su Tech Innova.ion Center of a.ima. Cell Biomedical Research CenterNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhou730030China Engineering Resea.ch Center of Key Technology a.d Industria.iza.ion of Cell-ba.ed Va.cine Ministry of EducationBiomedical Research CenterNorthwest Minzu UniversityLanzhou730030China Centre for Immunology a.d Infection Control School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueensland4702Australia

Herpesviruses a.ta.onize host a.tivira. responses through a.myria. of molecula. stra.egies culmina.ing in the dea.h of the host *** virus(PRV)is a.significa.t veterina.y pa.hogen in pigs,ca.sing neurologica. sequa.a. tha. ultima.ely lea. to the a.ima.'s *** is known to trigger a.optotic cell dea.h during the la.e sta.es of *** virion host shutdown protein(VHS)encoded by UL41 pla.s a.crucia. role in the PRV infection *** this study,we demonstra.e tha. UL41 inhibits PRV-induced a.tiva.ion of infla.ma.ory cytokine a.d nega.ively regula.es the cGa.-STING-media.ed a.tivira. a.tivity by ta.geting IRF3,thereby inhibiting the tra.sloca.ion a.d phosphoryla.ion of ***,muta.ing the conserved a.ino a.id sites(E192,D194,a.d D195)in the RNa.e doma.n of UL41 or knocking down UL41 inhibits the immune eva.ion of PRV,suggesting tha. UL41 ma. pla. a.crucia. role in PRV's eva.ion of the host immune response during *** results enha.ce our understa.ding of how PRV structura. proteins a.sist the virus in eva.ing the host immune response.

关键词： Pseudora.ies virus(PRV) UL41 IRF3 Interferon cGa.-STING

Resea.ch on the Colla.ora.ive Governa.ce of Socia. Responsibility in Online a.diovisua. Enterprises

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Socia. Networking 2024年第1期13卷 1-13页

作者： Chuying Ka.g Muha.ma. Za.fwa. idris Jua. Liu Fa.ulty of a.t Sustainability & Creative Industry University Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tanjung Malim Malaysia Fa.ulty of Journa.ism a.d Communica.ion Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China

This pa.er a.ms to a.a.yze the present conditions of the socia. responsibility ecosystem in online a.diovisua. enterprises in the digita. a.e. It focuses on the governa.ce of socia. responsibility in these enterprises a.d conducts a. in-depth a.a.ysis of the problems a.d influencing fa.tors rela.ed to the socia. responsibility a.erra.ions of online a.diovisua. enterprises. Dra.ing upon socia. responsibility theory a.d colla.ora.ive governa.ce theory, this resea.ch constructs a.socia. responsibility guida.ce a.d governa.ce system guided by the public, supported by the volunta.y fulfillment of responsibilities by online a.diovisua. enterprises, a.d ba.ed on the colla.ora.ive pa.ticipa.ion of diverse sta.eholders. It explores a.d optimizes the implementa.ion pa.hwa.s of this system, providing theoretica. support a.d pra.tica. guida.ce for promoting the susta.na.le development of online a.diovisua. enterprises. Furthermore, it a.ms to contribute to the crea.ion of a.ha.monious Internet ecosystem.

关键词： Online a.diovisua. Enterprises Socia. Responsibility Colla.ora.ive Governa.ce

a.-ena.led ma.eria.s discovery for a.va.ced cera.ic electrochemica. cells

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Energy a.d a. 2024年第1期15卷 55-87页

作者： idris Temitope Bello Ridwa. Ta.wo Ola.a.o Christopher Esa. a.esola.Ha.eeb a.egoke a.med Ola.rewa.u Ija.la.Zheng Li Siyua. Zha. Chen Wa.g Zongping Sha. Meng Ni Depa.tment of Building a.d Rea. Esta.e Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development(RISUD)&Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Depa.tment of Civil Engineering University of JohannesburgSouth Africa Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering Wichita State UniversityKansasUSA Wa.School of Mines:Minera.s Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia6845Australia

Cera.ic electrochemica. cells(CECs)a.e promising devices for clea. a.d efficient energy conversion a.d stora.e due to their high energy efficiency,more extended system dura.ility,a.d less expensive ***,the sea.ch for suita.le ma.eria.s with desired properties,including high ionic a.d electronic conductivity,therma. sta.ility,a.d chemica. compa.ibility,presents ongoing cha.lenges tha. impede widesprea. a.option a.d further a.va.cement in the *** intelligence(a.)ha. emerged a. a.versa.ile tool ca.a.le of enha.cing a.d expediting the ma.eria.s discovery cycle in CECs through da.a.driven modeling,simula.ion,a.d optimiza.ion ***,we comprehensively review the sta.e-of-the-a.t a. a.plica.ions for ma.eria.s design a.d optimiza.ion for CECs,covering va.ious ma.eria. a.pects,da.a.a.e construction,da.a.pre-processing,a.d a. *** a.so present some representa.ive ca.e studies of a.-predicted a.d synthesized ma.eria.s for CECs a.d provide insightful highlights a.out their *** empha.ize the ma.n implica.ions a.d contributions of the a. a.proa.h for a.va.cing the CEC technology,such a. reducing the tria.-a.d-error experiments,exploring the va.t ma.eria.s spa.e,discovering novel a.d optima. ma.eria.s,a.d enha.cing the understa.ding of the ma.eria.s-performa.ce *** a.so discuss the a. a.proa.h’s ma.n limita.ions a.d future directions for CECs,such a. a.dressing the da.a.a.d model cha.lenges,improving a.d extending the a. models a.d methods,a.d integra.ing with other computa.iona. a.d experimenta. *** conclude by suggesting some potentia. a.plica.ions a.d colla.ora.ions for a. in ma.eria.s design for CECs.

关键词： Cera.ic electrochemica. cells a.tificia. intelligence Ma.eria.s design Ma.eria.s optimiza.ion Ma.eria.s performa.ce Ma.hine lea.ning

Sodium-Glucose Cotra.sporter-2 Inhibitors: Who, When & How? Guida.ce for Use from a.Multidisciplina.y Pra.tica. a.proa.h

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Clinica. Medicine 2024年第9期15卷 413-435页

作者： Kha.ifa.a.dulla. Ma.dy ElSha.ka.y Ema. R. Issa. a.med Sha.ky ElSera.y Sa.a. idris a.med Benda.y Ha.tha. Reda.Ba.r Ma. Sheha.a.a.hra. Reda Interna. Medicine Depa.tment Diabetes & Metabolism Unit Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Nephrology Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Interna. Medicine Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Ca.diology Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Interna. Medicine a.d Nephrology Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Ca.diology Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt Interna. Medicine Depa.tment Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Menoufia Egypt Product Ma.a.er Al-Esraa Pharma Cairo Egypt Ca.diology Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Menoufia Egypt

Sodium-glucose cotra.sporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors) ha.e tra.sformed dia.etes ma.a.ement by ta.geting rena. glucose rea.sorption. Designed initia.ly a. a.tidia.etic a.ents, their a.ility to lower blood glucose levels independently of insulin is well-documented. Beyond glycemic control, emerging resea.ch ha. unveiled their profound ca.diorena. benefits. By inhibiting SGLT-2 protein, these drugs enha.ce glucose excretion in urine, reducing blood glucose levels. This mecha.ism ha. tra.sla.ed into significa.t ca.diova.cula. a.d rena. protection, esta.lishing SGLT-2 inhibitors a. pivota. in ma.a.ing not only dia.etes but a.so ca.diova.cula. a.d rena. disea.es. Recent studies ha.e illumina.ed the broa.er thera.eutic potentia. of SGLT-2 inhibitors beyond dia.etes. Evidence indica.es their effica.y in ma.a.ing hea.t fa.lure, chronic kidney disea.e (CKD), a.d ca.diova.cula. complica.ions in individua.s with or without dia.etes. This expa.ded thera.eutic la.dsca.e ha. ca.a.yzed a.pa.a.igm shift in SGLT-2 inhibitor use, positioning them a. key a.ents in the ca.diorena. meta.olic continuum. Moreover, their role in the seconda.y prevention of ca.diova.cula. events a.d slowing CKD progression in T2DM pa.ients ha. ga.nered considera.le a.tention. This consensus-ba.ed review a.ms to offer pra.tica. guida.ce in a. a.gorithmic a.proa.h to prima.y ca.e hea.thca.e professiona.s to optimize SGLT-2 inhibitors utiliza.ion a.d ma.imize their benefits. The review seeks to empower clinicia.s to effectively ma.a.e pa.ients who ma. benefit from SGLT-2 inhibitor thera.y by a.dressing common initia.ion ba.riers a.d optimizing trea.ment stra.egies. a.ditiona.ly, it a.ms to ra.se a.a.eness a.ong prima.y ca.e physicia.s rega.ding the multifa.eted benefits of these medica.ions a.d overcome clinica. inertia.in their a.option into routine clinica. pra.tice.

关键词： Sodium-Glucose Cotra.sporter-2 Inhibitors Ca.diorena. Benefits Thera.eutic Potentia. Ca.diova.cula. Protection Prima.y Ca.e Optimiza.ion

a.Study of Noun Phra.e Focus in Fulfulde: The Ca.e Study of a.a.a.a.Dia.ect

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La.gua.e a.d Semiotic Studies 2019年第2期5卷 76-100页

作者： idris Muha.ma. Bello adamu a.uba.a. Muha.ma. Ba.hir Usma. a.isa.i Y.Sa.a.la University of Ma.duguri

Focus constructions a.e synta.tica.ly rich a.pects of Fulfulde gra.ma.. This pa.er a.ms a. investiga.ing the na.ure of noun phra.e(NP) focus in Fulfulde with pa.ticula. reference to a.a.a.a.dia.ect. The study employed two methodologica. techniques for da.a.collection: observa.ion a.d ora. interview. These techniques were used in collecting da.a.from different ca.egories of na.ive spea.ers. The Principles a.d Pa.a.eters theory wa. a.opted a. the theoretica. fra.ework for da.a.a.a.ysis in the study. The study shows tha. noun phra.e NP focus in a.a.a.a.dia.ect of Fulfulde involves movement of the focused element which is a.compa.ied with a.focus ma.ker(FM). The study ha. identified five different FMs tha. a.e commonly used in the dia.ect depending on the sema.tic requirement. They a.e: on, ni, fa., dey a.d ta..

关键词： a.a.a.a dia.ect Fulfulde focus ma.kers noun phra.e focus principles a.d pa.a.eters theory