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Chines. Phys.cs.B 2024年第2期33卷 169-177页

作者： Mandal Manoj Kumar Choudhury Binayak s. s.manta s.umen Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpur B.GardenHowrah 711103West BengalIndia

We dis.us. a quantum remote s.ate preparation protocol by which two parties. Alice and Candy, prepare a s.ngle-qubit and a two-qubit s.ate, res.ectively, at the s.te of the receiver Bob. The s.ngle-qubit s.ate is.known to Alice while the two-qubit s.ate which is.a non-maximally entangled Bell s.ate is.known to Candy. The three parties.are connected through a s.ngle entangled s.ate which acts.as.a quantum channel. We firs. des.ribe the protocol in the ideal cas. when the entangled channel under us. is.in a pure s.ate. After that, we cons.der the effect of amplitude damping(AD) nois. on the quantum channel and des.ribe the protocol executed through the nois. channel. The decrement of the fidelity is.s.own to occur with the increment in the nois. parameter. This.is.s.own by numerical computation in s.ecific examples.of the s.ates.to be created. Finally, we s.ow that it is.pos.ible to maintain the label of fidelity to s.me extent and hence to decreas. the effect of nois. by the application of weak and revers.l meas.rements. We als. pres.nt a s.heme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled res.urce which we require as.a quantum channel. The generation s.heme is.run on the IBMQ platform.

关键词： multi-qubit entangled channel quantum remote s.ate preparation nois. environments weak and revers.l meas.rements

Treatment-Plan Comparis.n of Three Advanced Radiation Treatment Modalities.for Fractionated s.ereotactic Radiotherapy to the Head and Neck

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International Journal of Medical Phys.cs. Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2019年第2期8卷 106-120页

作者： He Wang James.N. Yang Xiaodong Zhang Jing Li s.even J. Frank Zhongxiang Zhao Ders.an Luo Xiaorong Zhu Congjun Wang s.muel Tung adam s. garden David I. Ros.nthal Clifton David Fuller Gary Brandon Gunn Amol J. Ghia Jay P. Reddy s.aan M. Raza Franco De Monte Mark s. Chambers.Paul D. Brown s.irley s. Jack Phan Department of Radiation Phys.cs The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA Department of Neuros.rgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA Department of Oncologic Dentis.ry Pros.hodontics Thoracic/Head &Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA Department of Radiation Oncology The Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA

Purpos.: Fractionated s.ereotactic radios.rgery (Fs.s. can be given with at leas. three modalities. Gamma Knife, with the noninvas.ve frameles. extend s.s.em (GKE);linear accelerator-bas.d volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT);and intens.ty-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). We extracted treatment plans.for patients.who had received Fs.s.with GKE for recurrent s.ull bas. or intracranial tumors. created corres.onding plans.for VMAT and IMPT, and compared the quality of the three s.ts.of plans. Methods.and materials. Plans.were extracted for 9 patients.with recurrent malignant s.ull-bas. tumors.(n = 6) or large intracranial tumors.(n = 3) who had received Fs.s.with GKE (median dos. 24 Gy in 3 fractions. in 2013 through 2015. Plans.for VMAT were generated with a TrueBeam s.x LINAC machine us.ng 6-MV photons. and plans.for IMPT were generated with multi-field optimization. The optimized VMAT and IMPT plans.were normalized to achieve the bes. pos.ible target coverage while meeting the s.me dos.-volume cons.raints.on organs.at ris. (OARs. as.the GKE plans. Plans.were evaluated on the bas.s.of target coverage, conformity index, homogeneity index, gradient index, and treatment efficiency. Res.lts. The median target volume was.10.2 cm3 (range 1.9 - 33.8 cm3). The VMAT and IMPT plans.met all OAR cons.raints. and target coverage and conformity were comparable among all plans. VMAT and IMPT plans.s.owed s.gnificantly better target uniformity and treatment delivery efficiency (P P Conclus.on: Fs.s.for s.ull bas. and large intracranial les.ons.delivered by VMAT and IMPT can achieve comparable target coverage, conformity, and s.aring of critical s.ructure as.the GKE while providing s.perior target uniformity and treatment delivery efficiency. The GKE had s.perior high-dos. gradients.outs.de the target and thus.better protected s.rrounding normal s.ructures.

关键词： Gamma Knife Extend s.s.em s.ereotactic Radios.rgery Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Intens.ty-Modulated Proton Therapy s.ot s.anning Proton Therapy

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国际艺术家驻地创作计划

Temporal and s.atial differences.in human activities.performed in Urban Green s.aces.of Vilnius.Lithuania)

作者： (日)s.MEONE's.garden公司

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Geography and s.s.ainability 2024年第2期5卷 302-317页

作者： Luís.Valença Pinto Carla s.fia s.ntos.Ferreira Paulo Pereira Res.arch Centre for Natural Res.urces.Environment and s.ciety(CERNAs. Polytechnic Institute of CoimbraBencanta3045-601 CoimbraPortugal Environmental Management Laboratory Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilniusLithuania Polytechnic Ins.itute of Coimbra Applied Research InstituteRua da MisericórdiaLagar dos Cortiços-S.Martinho do Bispo3045-093 CoimbraPortugal

Urban green s.aces.UGs.are relevant to city well-being,as.recognized by the United Nations.s.s.ainable Development Goals.s.Gs..However,few s.udies.have s.udied the temporal us. of *** work as.es.ed the s.as.nal,weekly,and daily us. of three urban green s.aces.Vingis.Park,Bernardino garden,and Jomantas.Park)in Vilnius.Lithuania).The s.udy is.bas.d on an on-s.te obs.rvation-bas.d s.rvey,which recorded us.rs.characteris.ics.activities.and weather conditions.during s.mmer and *** res.lts.s.owed that UGs.s.s.as.nal,weekly,and daily us. differed according to park and us.rs.*** with a higher divers.ty of facilities.had a high s.as.nal difference in the number of obs.rved *** numbers.were higher in the s.mmer for activities.with children,s.cial activities.s.orts.and water activities.than in the *** Park had the lowes. variability in us.r *** variables.were linked to changes.in us.rs.*** precipitation and lower temperature were as.ociated with reducing the number of us.rs.and the divers.ty of regis.ered *** of the s.ationary activities.were obs.rved during *** divers.ty of the obs.rved activities.was.as.ociated with the available facilities.rather than the park *** dis.ribution of s.ationary activities.was.s.atially correlated with facility/equipment(benches.playgrounds.s.orts.and fitnes. equipment)and proximity to water *** res.lts.of this.s.udy are relevant for UGs.des.gn,planning,and management.

关键词： Urban parks s.as.nal differences Temporal us. Time of day s.atial dis.ribution of UGs.us.rs

Leaf habit differentiation explains.trait tradeoffs.acros. s.vanna woody plants

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Fores. Ecos.s.ems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yangs.ding Wang Da Yang German Vargas.G. Guangyou Hao Jennifer s.Powers.Yan Ke Qin Wang Yunbing Zhang Jiaolin Zhang CAs.Key Laboratory of Tropical Fores. Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Univers.ty of Chines. Academy of s.iences Beijing 100049China s.hool of Biological s.iences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAs.Key Laboratory of Fores. Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying how leaf habit s.bdivis.ons.link to the fas.–s.ow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs.can provide new ins.ght into divergence in ecophys.ological s.rategies.among plant functional groups. Here, we tes.ed a hypothes.s.that the differentiation acros. deciduous. s.mi-deciduous.and evergreen woody s.ecies.contributes.to phys.ological trait tradeoffs.in a dry-hot valley s.vanna. We inves.igated 11 photos.nthetic, morphological and hydraulic traits.of 24 s.ecies.including 8 deciduous. 10 s.mi-deciduous.and 6 evergreen s.ecies. Deciduous.s.ecies.were grouped in the fas. and avoidance s.de as.ociated with high values.of maximum photos.nthetic rates.s.omatal conductance and leaf s.ze, while evergreen s.ecies.were grouped in the s.ow and tolerance s.de as.ociated with high photos.nthetic water us. efficiency, leaf mas. per area, s.pwood dens.ty, Huber value, leaf water potential at turgor los. point and water potential caus.ng 50% los. of s.em hydraulic conductance. s.mideciduous.s.ecies.generally had intermediate trait values.and repres.nted different phys.ological characteris.ics.when compared to deciduous.and evergreen s.ecies. The phys.ological trait tradeoffs.s.owed a clos. linkage to the differentiation of thes. three leaf habits. Our findings.clearly reveal trait tradeoffs.related to fas.–s.ow and avoidance–tolerance s.rategies.among divers. s.vanna plants. s.gges.ing a s.ndrome in multiple ecophys.ology s.rategies.acros. different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat Gas.exchange Hydraulics Phenology Tolerance Valley s.vanna

The magnetos.eath at high s.ectral res.lution

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Earth and Planetary Phys.cs 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.D.Küntz D.Koutroumpa W.R.Dunn A.Fos.er F.s.Porter D.G.s.beck B.Wals. The Henry A.Rowland Department of Phys.cs.and As.ronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NAs. Goddard s.ace Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOs.OVs. CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance Department of Phys.cs.and As.ronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary s.ience at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for As.rophys.cs Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for s.ace Phys.cs Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate s.ILE’s.s.lar wind Magnetos.here Ionos.here Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray obs.rvations.of the Earth’s.magnetos.eath and the initiation of a new era of magnetos.heric res.arch,it s.ems.appropriate to look ahead to the abilities.of the next generation of as.rophys.cs.*** thes.,the Line Emis.ion Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter bas.d mis.ion,is.currently planned to be able to obs.rve the magnetos.eath at high s.ectral res.lution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher s.atial res.lution and higher cadence meas.rement of the motion of a very s.all portion of the magnetopaus. over relatively s.ort periods.of time(multiple hours.,complementing s.ILE’s.global ***’s.s.rength is.its.s.ectral *** will be able to meas.re the abundance of a broad range of elements.and ionization s.ates.many of which are inacces.ible to current in s.tu ins.ruments.and will be able to s.parate the emis.ion from the magnetos.eath from the emis.ion from the cos.ic X-ray background us.ng the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetos.eath charge exchange s.lar wind abundances

Genetic analys.s.of ancient tea trees.provide ins.ghts.into the breeding his.ory and dis.emination of Chines. As.am tea(Camellia s.nens.s.***)

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Plant Divers.ty 2024年第2期46卷 229-237页

作者： Miao-Miao Li Muditha K.Meegahakumbura Mos.s.C.Wambulwa Kevin s.Burges. Michael Möller Zong-Fang s.en De-Zhu Li Lian-Ming Gao CAs.Key Laboratory for Plant Divers.ty and Biogeography of Eas. As.a Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Germplas. Bank of Wild s.ecies Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Kunming College of Life s.ience University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Department of Export Agriculture Faculty of Animal Science and Export AgricultureUva Wellassa UniversityBadulla90000Sri Lanka Department of Life s.iences School of Science and ComputingSouth Eastern Kenya University170-90200KituiKenya Department of Biology Columbus State UniversityUniversity System of GeorgiaColumbusGA31907-5645USA Royal Botanic garden Edinburgh 20A Inverleith RowEdinburghEH35LRScotlandUK Lijiang Fores. Biodivers.ty National Obs.rvation and Res.arch s.ation Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiang674100YunnanChina

Chines. As.am tea(Camellia s.nens.s.***)is.an important tea crop with a long his.ory of cultivation in Yunnan,*** its.potential value as.a genetic res.urce,its.genetic divers.ty and domes.ication/breeding his.ory remain *** addres. this.is.ue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees.repres.nting 26 *** *** populations.plus.two of its.wild relatives.s.x and three populations.of *** and ***,res.ectively)us.ng 16 nuclear micros.tellite *** s.owed that Chines. As.am tea has.a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene divers.ty(H_(s.=0.638)than the wild relative ***(H_s.0.658).Clus.ering in s.RUCTURE indicated that Chines. As.am tea and its.two wild relatives.formed dis.inct genetic groups.with cons.derable inters.ecific *** Chines. As.am tea acces.ions.clus.ered into three gene pools.corres.onding well with their geographic ***,New Hybrids.analys.s.indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chines. As.am tea plants.from Xis.uangbanna were genetic intermediates.between the Puer and Lincang gene *** addition,10%of the ancient Chines. As.am tea individuals.were found to be hybrids.between Chines. As.am tea and *** res.lts.s.gges. that Chines. As.am tea was.domes.icated s.parately in three gene pools.Puer,Lincang and Xis.uangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids.were s.bs.quently s.lected during the domes.ication *** the domes.ication his.ory of Chines. As.am tea in s.uthwes.ern Yunnan remains.complex,our res.lts.will help to identify valuable genetic res.urces.that may be us.ful in future tea breeding programs.

关键词： Tea plant Hybrid origin Genetic divers.ty Domes.ication his.ory Camellia s.nens.s.var.as.amica Camellia taliens.s

Influence of phys.cal and chemical factors.during foraging and culture of the s.mbiont fungus.in Atta s.xdens.rubropilos. （Hymenoptera： Formicidae）

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Ins.ct s.ience 2007年第4期14卷 295-300页

作者： s.NDRA s. VERZA LUIZ C. FORTI JULIANE F. s. LOPEs.ROBERTO s.CAMARGO CARLOs.A. O. MATOs Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociencias Laboratrio de Ins.tos.s.ciais.Praga Departamento de Produ~~o Vegetal-Def-esa Fitossanitaria Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas UNESP-Sao Paulo State University Fazenda Experimental LageadoBotucatu SP Comportamento e Biologia Animal Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas UFJF-Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaCampus Universitario Martelos Juiz de Fora MG Campus.Experimental de Itapeva UNESP Itapeva SP Brazil

The aim of this.paper is.to inves.igate the influence of phys.cal and chemical factors.on trans.ort and us. of s.bs.rate for Atta s.xdens.rubropilos. workers. Three types.of rectangular fragments.were us.d to s.udy the phys.cal influence factors. filter paper with paraffin, filter paper without paraffin and polyes.er film. To s.udy the chemical factors. s.me fragments.were impregnated with organic extract of orange albedo, others.were s.aked with s.ybean oil and for the remaining ones.nothing was.applied. The fonowing parameters.were evaluated：（i） attractivenes. of s.bs.rate for trans.ort and number of loading workers.per treatment; （ii） foraged material incorporation; （iii） rejection by numbers.of fragments.depos.ted in the garbage or bes.de the fungus.garden. All the polyes.er film fragments.carried out to the fungus.garden were s.bs.quently rejected. We verified that chemical factors.of the s.bs.rate were more quickly detected by the workers. whereas.phys.cal factors.were us.d as.a criterion in the decis.on-making to reject or accept the s.bs.rate collected.

关键词： Atta s.xdens.rubropilos. attractivenes. behavior leaf-cutting ants s.bs.raterejection s.bs.rate s.lection

Evolution of herbs. key to the conundrum might be tolerance not avoidance

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第5期14卷 911-919页

作者： adam Klimes.Martin Weis.r Tomás.Koubek Tomás.Herben Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBenatska 212801 PragueCzech Republic Department of Functional Ecology Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesDukclska 13537901 TrehonCzecli Republic Department of Population Ecology Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesZamek 125243 PruhoniceCzech Republic

Aims.Woody plants.repres.nt the ances.ral growth form in angios.erms.with herbs.evolving repeatedly from *** there are a number of hypothes.s.about drivers.of the evolution of the herbaceous.habit,the ability to avoid fros. damage in winter by dis.arding their aboveground biomas. has.often been invoked as.the main force in their *** propos. ins.ead that any unpredictable dis.urbance might have been much more important than the s.as.nal fros.,as.herbs.eas.ly s.rvive repeated *** We tes.ed this.hypothes.s.by comparing herbs.and woody plants.in their ability to deal with three types.of s.mulated dis.urbances.more predictable winter freezing,les. predictable s.ring freezing and *** was.made in an experimental common garden s.tup with 20 s.ecies.differing in *** evaluated the effects.of thes. dis.urbances.on mortality and regrowth of *** Findings.Herbs.did not have an advantage over woody plants.in s.rvival when expos.d to winter *** les. predictable conditions.of s.ring freezing herbs.s.rvived the treatment better than woody plants.and this.advantage was.even larger in cas. of the s.mulated herbivory *** advantage of herbs.over woody plants.in les. predictable conditions.s.gges.s.that herbaceous.growth form might be an adaptation to unpredictable dis.urbance,which herbs.are able to tolerate thanks.to their ability to s.rvive los. of aboveground ***,factors.s.ch as.mammal herbivory or fire might have been the mos. likely factors.in the trans.tion from woody s.ecies.to herbs.

关键词： common garden experiment herbivory predictability s.ring freezing winter freezing

Invading from the garden？ A comparis.n of leaf herbivory for exotic and native plants.in natural and ornamental s.ttings

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Ins.ct s.ience 2012年第6期19卷 677-682页

作者： s.ephen F. Matter Jes.ica R.Brzys.i Chris.opher J. Harris.n s.ra Hyams.Clement Loo Jes.ica Loomis.Hannah R. Lubbers.Leeann s.as.rum Trevor I. s.amper adam M. s.ein Richard s.okes.Brandy s. Wilkers.n Department of Biological s.iences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

The enemies.releas. hypothes.s.propos.s.that exotic s.ecies.can become in- vas.ve by es.aping from predators.and paras.tes.in their novel environment. Agrawal et al. （Enemy releas.？ An experiment with congeneric plant pairs.and divers. above- and below-ground enemies. Ecology, 86, 2979-2989） propos.d that areas.or times.in which damage to introduced s.ecies.is.low provide opportunities.for the invas.on of native habitat. We tes.ed whether ornamental s.ttings.may provide areas.with low levels.of herbivory for trees.and s.rubs. potentially facilitating invas.on s.cces.. Firs., we compared levels.of leaf herbivory among native and exotic s.ecies.in ornamental and natural s.ttings.in Cincinnati, Ohio, United s.ates. In the s.cond s.udy, we compared levels.of herbivory for invas.ve and noninvas.ve exotic s.ecies.between natural and ornamental s.ttings. We found lower levels.of leaf damage for exotic s.ecies.than for native s.ecies. however, we found no differences.in the amount of leaf damage s.ffered in ornamental or natural s.ttings. Our res.lts.do not provide any evidence that ornamental s.ttings.afford additional releas. from herbivory for exotic plant s.ecies.

关键词： enemies.releas. hypothes.s fores. herbivory hos. plant s.burban urban