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Clinical features of gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis:Insights from patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy in resource-limited Ethiopia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第34期30卷 3883-3893页

作者： Firehiwot A Mengistie abate B Shewaye Abel T Tasamma Zekarias S Ayalew Department of Internal Medicine Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Internal Medicine Rheum Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Specialty ClinicAddis Ababa 1000Addis AbabaEthiopia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAdera Medical and Surgical CenterAddis Ababa 1000Addis AbabaEthiopia

BACKGrOUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GErD)is a common disease worldwide with varying clinical presentations and risk *** data for Africa is lacking,but an increasing trend is expected due to demographic and epidemiological *** endoscopic studies for general gastrointestinal disorders have shown some patients with erosive esophagitis(EE),no studies in Ethiopia have investigated the clinical characteristics,risk factors,and severity of GErD using esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD).AIM To assess the clinical features of GErD in Ethiopian patients who underwent EGD and determine the severity and risk factors of *** We conducted a multicenter,retrospective cross-sectional study of 221 patients diagnosed with GErD and endoscopic findings of EE at Trauma Associated Severe Hemorrhage and Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell between January 2019 and August *** were collected from electronic medical records and phone call *** used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis with SPSS version 26 to identify the association between variables with a statistical significance set at P valuers,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:*** most commonly reported symptom was epigastric pain(80.5%),followed by heartburn(43%).Los Angeles(LA)-A EE was diagnosed in 71.1%of patients,followed by LA-B(14.9%),LA-C(7.7%),and LA-D(5.9%).Multivariate analysis showed that age 50 or above,presence of bleeding,and endoscopic findings of duodenitis/duodenopathy were significantly associated with severe EE(Pricture and Barrett’s esophagus were observed in 4.5%and 1.36%of patients with EE,*** Most of the patients had milder EE with fewer ***,severe EE was more prevalent in older patients and those with duodenitis/duodenopathy.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Erosive esophagitis Hiatal hernia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Heart burn

Spatio-temporal coupled mode theory for nonlocal metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 267-282页

作者： adam Overvig Sander A.Mann Andrea Alù Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA

Diffractive nonlocal metasurfaces have recently opened a broad range of exciting developments in nanophotonics research and applications,leveraging spatially extended—yet locally patterned—resonant modes to control light with new degrees of *** conventional grating responses are elegantly captured by temporal coupled mode theory,current approaches are not well equipped to capture the arbitrary spatial response observed in the nascent field of nonlocal ***,we introduce spatio-temporal coupled mode theory(STCMT),capable of elegantly capturing the key features of the resonant response of wavefront-shaping nonlocal *** framework can quantitatively guide nonlocal metasurface design while maintaining compatibility with local metasurface frameworks,making it a powerful tool to rationally design and optimize a broad class of ultrathin optical *** validate this STCMT framework against full-wave simulations of various nonlocal metasurfaces,demonstrating that this tool offers a powerful semi-analytical framework to understand and model the physics and functionality of these devices,without the need for computationally intense full-wave *** also discuss how this model may shed physical insights into nonlocal phenomena in photonics and the functionality of the resulting *** a relevant example,we showcase STCMT’s flexibility by applying it to study and rapidly prototype nonlocal metasurfaces that spatially shape thermal emission.

关键词： theory resonant spatially

A 3D In-vitro model of the human dentine interface shows long-range osteoinduction from the dentine surface

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第2期16卷 225-237页

作者： William Macalester Asme Boussahel rafael O.Moreno-Tortolero Mark r.Shannon Nicola West Darryl Hill adam Perriman School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Biomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUnited Kingdom Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials HH Wills Physics LaboratoryUniversity of BristolTyndall AvenueBristolUnited Kingdom Centre for Protolife research School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantocks CloseBristolUnited Kingdom Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom Periodontology Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolLower Maudlin StreetBristolUnited Kingdom

Emerging regenerative cell therapies for alveolar bone loss have begun to explore the use of cell laden hydrogels for minimally invasive surgery to treat small and spatially complex maxilla-oral ***,the oral cavity presents a unique and challenging environment for in vivo bone tissue engineering,exhibiting both hard and soft periodontal tissue as well as acting as key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems,which will impact on cell fate and subsequent treatment ***,we design and bioprint a facile 3D in vitro model of a human dentine interface to probe the effect of the dentine surface on human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)encapsulated in a microporous hydrogel *** demonstrate that the dentine substrate induces osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs,and that both dentine andβ-tricalcium phosphate substrates stimulate extracellular matrix production and maturation at the gel-media interface,which is distal to the gel-substrate *** findings demonstrate the potential for long-range effects on stem cells by mineralized surfaces during bone tissue engineering and provide a framework for the rapid development of 3D dentine-bone interface models.

关键词： interface den surface

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Non-symmetric differentially subordinate martingales and sharp weak-type bounds for Fourier multipliers

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第8期67卷 1807-1826页

作者： Meryem Akboudj Yong Jiao adam Osękowski School of Mathematics and Statistics Hunan Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and ApplicationsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410075China Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and MechanicsUniversity of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland

Let p>2 be a given *** this paper,we prove,with the best constant,the weak-type(p,p)inequality■for a large class of non-symmetric Fourier multipliers T_(m) obtained via modulation of jumps of certain Lévy *** particular,the estimate holds for appropriate linear combinations of second-order riesz transforms and skew versions of the Beurling-Ahlfors operator on the complex *** proof rests on a novel probabilistic bound for Hilbert-space-valued martingales satisfying a certain non-symmetric subordination *** applications to harmonic functions and riesz systems on Euclidean domains are indicated.

关键词： weak-type bound Fourier multiplier martingale differential subordination laminate

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The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from bark beetle infestation spots in mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 339-346页

作者： Ewa Błonska adam Gorski Jarosław Lasota Department of Ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str.31-425KrakowPoland

Decaying wood is an essential element of forest ecosystems and it affects its other *** aim of our research was to determine the decomposition rate of deadwood in various humidity and thermal conditions in the gaps formed in the montane forest *** research was carried out in the Babiog orski National *** research plots were marked out in the gaps of the stands,which were formed as a result of bark beetle *** plots were located in undisturbed *** research covered wood of two species–spruce and beech in the form of cubes with dimensions of 50 mm×50 mm×22 *** samples were placed directly on the soil surface and subjected to laboratory analysis after 36 months.A significant influence of the wood species and the study plot type on the physicochemical properties of the tested wood samples was *** characteristics strongly correlated with soil moisture.A significantly higher mass decline of wood samples was recorded on the reference study plots,which were characterized by more stable moisture *** decomposition of wood in the gaps regardless of the species is related to lower *** wood species covered by the study differed in the decomposition *** wood samples were characterized by a significantly higher decomposition rate compared to beech wood *** research has confirmed that disturbances that lead to the formation of gaps have a direct impact on the decomposition process of deadwood.

关键词： Bark beetle Beech Decomposition rate Forest ecosystem Mass decline Spruce Woody debris

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Pioneering the direct large-scale laser printing of flexible“graphenic silicon”self-standing thin films as ultrahigh-performance lithium-ion battery anodes

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 26-40页

作者： Avinash Kothuru adam Cohen Gil Daffan Yonatan Juhl Fernando Patolsky School of Chemistry Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

recent technological advancements,such as portable electronics and electric vehicles,have created a pressing need for more efficient energy storage ***-ion batteries(LIBs)have been the preferred choice for these applications,with graphite being the standard anode material due to its ***,graphite falls short of meeting the growing demand for higher energy density,possessing a theoretical capacity that lags *** address this,researchers are actively seeking alternative materials to replace graphite in commercial *** promising avenue involves lithiumalloying materials like silicon and phosphorus,which offer high theoretical ***-silicon composites have emerged as a viable option,showing improved capacity and performance over traditional graphite or pure silicon ***,the existing methods for synthesizing these composites remain complex,energy-intensive,and costly,preventing widespread adoption.A groundbreaking approach is presented here:the use of a laser writing strategy to rapidly transform common organic carbon precursors and silicon blends into efficient“graphenic silicon”composite thin *** films exhibit exceptional structural and energy storage *** resulting three-dimensional porous composite anodes showcase impressive attributes,including ultrahigh silicon content,remarkable cyclic stability(over 4500 cycles with∼40%retention),rapid charging rates(up to 10 A g^(-1)),substantial areal capacity(>5.1 mAh cm^(-2)),and excellent gravimetric capacity(>2400 mAh g^(-1) at 0.2 A g^(-1)).This strategy marks a significant step toward the scalable production of high-performance LIB *** widely available,cost-effective precursors,the laser-printed“graphenic silicon”composites demonstrate unparalleled performance,potentially streamlining anode production while maintaining exceptional *** innovation not only paves the way for advanced LIBs but also sets a precedent for

关键词： 4D printing energy storage fast-charging laser-induced graphene lithium-ion silicon carbon composite anodes

Community-led total sanitation(CLTS)implementation in West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly in *** do communities think eleven years on?

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 67-73页

作者： Elijah adam Emmanuel Badu School of Media Creative and Social InquiryCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Population Health Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia

Objective Access to improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and an important aspect of Public ***,an estimated thousands of people in Ghana especially,the West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly(WMMA)still have no access to adequate toilet *** has brought untold health repercussions to the inhabitants,the community,and the environment at *** address this menace,the community-led total sanitation(CLTS)was *** study aimed to assess communities’perspectives on the implementation of CLTS and to understand the factors influencing its success and *** A mixed-method approach involving sequential qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in this *** for the quantitative study were randomly selected and surveyed using *** qualitative study employed focus group discussion involving purposively sampled participants including assembly members,opinion leaders,and assembly *** The CLTS program in WMMA realized an apparent use of construction and proper use of household latrines leading to a reduction of open defecation free(ODF)and two communities achieving sanitized status in the history of the study area,enabling the training of latrine artisans and natural leaders to facilitate the CLTS expansion and sustainability,improved sanitation and hygiene,strengthened the enforcement of community rules and regulations and many *** The CLTS program has received more widespread acceptance in the study area than the previous government policy of constructing public toilets,which was greeted with massive failures due to poor *** ensure that gains achieved through CLTS implementation are sustained longer,it is recommended that chiefs and opinion leaders should be involved in the CLTS programs to ensure checks and *** entrenchment of bylaws and more education to address enduring myths and misconceptions will sustain the *** in the form

关键词： Community-led total sanitation(CLTS) Community development Ghana Sanitation

‘Jelly to Joule’:Direct laser writing of sustainable jellyfish-based ‘graphenic silicon’ anodes for environmentally remediating high-performance lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 553-565页

作者： Gil Daffan adam Cohen Yuval Sharaby roman Nudelman Shachar richter Fernando Patolsky Department of Materials Science and Engineering the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering Tel Aviv University School of Chemistry Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University

The ramifications of global climate change and resource scarcities have made it imperative to re-examine the definition of sustainable energy-storage *** is crucial to recognize that not all renewable resources are inherently sustainable,and their full impact on the environment must be *** the proliferation of invasive jellyfish species wreaking havoc on marine ecosystems and economies worldwide,utilizing overabundant jellyfish as a carbon source presents an opportunity to create energy-storage systems that are both financially beneficial and environmentally ***,a comprehensive approach to sustainability also requires eco-friendly solutions throughout the entire lifecycle,from material sourcing to battery production,without compromising highperformance ***,most electrode syntheses for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) employed are energy-intensive,multiple-steps,complex,and *** response,this work pioneers the straightforward use of low-energy laser irradiation of a jellyfish biomass/silicon nanoparticle blend to encapsulate the silicon nanoparticles in-situ within the as-forming conductive carbonized matrix,creating sustainable and additive-free composite *** self-standing anode is directly synthesized under ambient conditions and requires no ***,a laser-synthesized conductive threedimensional porous carbon/silicon composite anode from raw jellyfish biomass for LIBs is presented,displaying outstanding cyclic stability(>1000 cycles),excellent capacity retention(>50% retention after1000 cycles),exceptional coulombic efficiency(>99%),superb reversible gravimetric capacity(>2000 mAh/g),and high rate performance capability(>1.6 A/g),paving a new path to future sustainable energy production.

关键词： Biomass Carbon Jellyfish Laser Lithium Silicon Sustainable

Current concepts in the management of non-cirrhotic non-malignant portal vein thrombosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 751-765页

作者： adam J Willington Dhiraj Tripathi Department of Hepatology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology University Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

Non-cirrhotic non-malignant portal vein thrombosis(NCPVT)is an uncommon condition characterised by thrombosis of the portal vein,with or without extension into other mesenteric veins,in the absence of cirrhosis or intra-abdominal *** can include intestinal infarction,variceal bleeding and portal *** this article,we address current concepts in the management of NCPVT including identification of risk factors,classification and treatment,and review the latest evidence on medical and interventional management options.

关键词： Non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis Portal vein Mesenteric veins Venous thrombosis Portal hypertension