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Impaired cellulose decomposition in a headwater stream receiving subsurface agricultural drainage

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 845-861页

作者： Rebecca Poisson adam G.Yates Department of Geography Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterloo University200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Background:Agricultural development of former wetlands has resulted in many headwater streams being sourced by subsurface agricultural drainage *** drainage inputs can significantly influence stream environmental conditions,such as temperature,hydrology,and water chemistry,that drive ecological ***,ecological assessments of subsurface drainage impacts are *** assessed the impact of an agricultural drainage system on cellulose decomposition and benthic respiration using a paired stream study in a headwater branch of Nissouri Creek,in Ontario,*** first order segments sourced by a spring-fed marsh and a cropped field with subsurface drainage,as well as the adjoining trunk segment,were sampled over a year using the cotton strip assay to measure cellulose decomposition and benthic ***:Assessments of cellulose decomposition revealed a one-third reduction in the drainage-sourced segment compared to marsh-sourced *** segment differences in cellulose decomposition were associated with reduced summer temperatures in the drainage-sourced *** of stream cooling from the drainage-sourced segment were transmitted downstream as cellulose decomposition was slower than expected throughout the drainage-sourced segment and for several hundred meters down the adjoining trunk *** respiration only differed between the drainage-and marsh-sourced segments in spring,when stream temperatures were ***:Our findings suggest there may be a widespread reduction in cellulose decomposition in streams across similar agricultural regions where subsurface drainage is ***,cooling of streams receiving significant amounts of water inputs from subsurface drainage systems may impart increased resiliency to future climate warming.

关键词： Stream Agriculture Cotton strip assay Seasonality Organic matter breakdown Benthic respiration

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Bounded type Siegel disks of finite type maps with few singular values Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Lei Tan

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第12期61卷 2139-2156页

作者： Arnaud Chéritat adam Lawrence Epstein CNRS Institut de Mathematiques de ToulouseUniversite Paul SabatierToulouse F-31062France Mathematics Institute University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

Let U be an open subset of the Riemann sphere C. We give sufficient conditions for which a finite type map f : U →C with at most three singular values has a Siegel disk compactly contained in U and whose boundary is a quasicircle containing a unique critical point. The main tool is quasiconformal surgery à la Douady-Ghys-Herman-(S′)wia tek. We also give sufficient conditions for which, instead, ? has not compact closure in U. The main tool is the Schwarzian derivative and area inequalities à la Graczyk-(S′)wia tek.

关键词： Siegel disks quasicircles quasiconformal surgery Schwarzian derivative

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Bad neighborhoods:apoptotic and necroptotic microenvironments determine liver cancer subtypes

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第4期8卷 404-406页

作者： Dieter adam Institut fur Immunologie Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu KielKielGermany

Cancer and cell death are inextricably intertwined. Impaired cell death is a prerequisite for cancer development, and artificial induction of cell death is a key strategy in cancer therapy. At present, clinical approaches to kill tumor cells mostly rely on the induction of apoptosis. For many years, apoptosis has been regarded as the only physiologic form of cell suicide. However, over the last two decades, it has become clear that alternative forms of regulated cell death exist which operate via distinct molecular mechanisms. Therefore, these novel forms of non-apoptotic cell death represent putative therapeutic options to overcome apoptosis resistance of cancer cells, potentially paving the way to more effective tumor therapies (1-3). Representing the currently best studied form of non-apoptotic cell death, necroptosis is elicited by triggers such as death receptors, toll like receptors (TLR) or sensors for intracellular nucleic acids (1,4,5). Their signals converge on the phosphorylation/activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Phosphorylation of mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) by RIPK3 results in oligomerization and membrane translocation of MLKL and subsequent rupture of the plasma membrane. The release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from the bursting necroptotic cells then promotes inflammation and activation of the innate and adaptive immune response (4-6).

关键词： cancer inflammation neighborhood

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Reliability analysis of shallow tunnels using the response surface methodology

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Underground Space 2017年第4期2卷 246-258页

作者： adam Hamrouni Daniel Dias Badreddine Sbartai Grenoble Alpes Uniersity Laboratory 3SRGrenobleFrance Mohamnmed Cherif Messaadia University Laboratory InfraResSouk-AhrasAlgeria Department of Civil Engineering University Bdji Mokhtar Annaba&LMGHU LaboratoryUniversity 204out1955 SkikdaAlgeria

A probabilistic study of a circular tunnel excavated in a soil mass using the response surface methodology(RSM)is presented.A deterministic model based on two-dimensional numerical simulations in a transversal section is used,and the serviceability limit state(SLS)is considered in the *** model permits the surface settlement curve and the bending moment on the tunnel lining to be *** the soil parameters are considered as random ***ﬁrst-order reliability method(FORM)and the response surface methodology(RSM)are utilized for the assessment of the Hasofer-Lind reliability index(bHL)optimized by the use of a genetic algorithm(GA).Two assumptions(normal and non-normal distribution)were used for the random *** comparison analysis considering a correlation between the friction angle and the cohesion indicates that the results are conservative if a negative correlation among strength parameters is not taken into *** assumption of a non-normal distribution for the random variables has an important effect on the reliability index for the practical range of values of surface settlements.

关键词： Tunnel Convergence-conﬁnement method FORM Response surface reliability Limit states Approximate performance function Genetic algorithm

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FIB Secondary Etching Method for Fabrication of Fine CNT Forest Metamaterials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2017年第4期9卷 73-80页

作者： adam Pander Akimitsu Hatta Hiroshi Furuta Department of Electronic and Photonic Systems Engineering Kochi University of TechnologyTosayamadaKamiKochi 782-8502Japan Center for Nanotechnology Research InstituteKochi University of TechnologyTosayamadaKamiKochi 782-8502Japan

Anisotropic materials, like carbon nanotubes(CNTs), are the perfect substitutes to overcome the limitations of conventional metamaterials; however, the successful fabrication of CNT forest metamaterial structures is still very challenging. In this study, a new method utilizing a focused ion beam(FIB) with additional secondary etching is presented, which can obtain uniform and fine patterning of CNT forest nanostructures for metamaterials and ranging in sizes from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The influence of the FIB processing parameters on the morphology of the catalyst surface and the growth of the CNT forest was investigated, including the removal of redeposited material,decreasing the average surface roughness(from 0.45 to 0.15 nm), and a decrease in the thickness of the Fe *** results showed that the combination of FIB patterning and secondary etching enabled the growth of highly aligned, highdensity CNT forest metamaterials. The improvement in the quality of single-walled CNTs(SWNTs), defined by the very high G/D peak ratio intensity of 10.47, demonstrated successful fine patterning of CNT forest for the first time. With a FIB patterning depth of 10 nm and a secondary etching of 0.5 nm, a minimum size of 150 nm of CNT forest metamaterials was achieved. The development of the FIB secondary etching method enabled for the first time, the fabrication of SWNT forest metamaterials for the optical and infrared regime, for future applications, e.g., in superlenses, antennas,or thermal metamaterials.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Metamaterial FIB patterning Secondary etching method Chemical vapor deposition

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Perspectives on the role of mTORC2 in B lymphocyte development,immunity and tumorigenesis

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Protein & Cell 2011年第7期2卷 523-530页

作者： adam S.Lazorchak Bing Su Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06519USA

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2(mTORC2)is a key downstream mediator of phosphoinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)dependent growth factor *** lymphocytes,mTORC2 has emerged as an important regulator of cell development,homeostasis and immune ***,our current understanding of mTORC2 functions and the molecular mechanisms regulating mTORC2 signaling in B and T cells are still largely *** studies have begun to shed light on this important *** have previously reported that mTORC2 mediates growth factor dependent phosphorylation of Akt and facilitates Akt dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of transcription factors FoxO1 and *** have recently explored the functions of mTORC2 in B cells and show that mTORC2 plays a key role in regulating survival and immunoglobulin(Ig)gene recombination of bone marrow B cells through an Akt2-FoxO1 dependent *** recombination is suppressed in proliferating B cells to ensure that DNA double strand breaks are not generated in actively dividing *** results raise the possibility that genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of mTORC2 may promote B cell tumor development as a result of inefficient suppression of Ig recombination in dividing B *** also propose a novel strategy to treat cancers based on our recent discovery that mTORC2 regulates Akt protein stability.

关键词： mTOR lymphocyte B cell cancer mTORC2 FoxO Akt Sin1

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The development of the Rook's(Corvus frugilegus)colony in the face of shifting spring phenology

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 170-174页

作者： adam Zbyryt Karol Zub Cezary Mitrus Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences University of Bialystok Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology Institute of BiologyWroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Many birds species breed in *** of the species in the Corvidae family nesting in groups is the Rook(Corvus frugilegus).The construction of the nest is costly for birds and needs high energy ***,birds should optimize the time of nest building in relation to environmental,especially weather,***,birds should adapt their breeding phenology,including the date of starting the construction of nests for climate *** observed the dynamics of increasing numbers of nests in a colony of Rooks in relation to air temperature,wind,rainfall,snowfall and day-length(indirect indicator of photoperiodism).Observations were carried out during three breeding seasons(2015-2017)in a large rookery in a big city in north-eastern *** increase in the number of nests was correlated only with day length and no effect of climatic factors on the number of nests in the colony was *** of nests varied significantly between successive years of *** the case of the Rook(predictable breeders),the photoperiod seems to be the most important factor influencing breeding behavior,especially nest *** the last three decades,increasing temperature and time of spring phases have advanced and have influenced changes in the phenology of the availability of food ***,a rapid decline in the numbers of breeding pairs of the Rook in Poland has been observed,especially in the last three *** attachment to the length of the day,which is the main factor responsible for the development of the breeding colony,makes the Rook appear to be a species with low plasticity in the face of rapid climate ***,we suggest that may indirectly influence the decrease in the breeding population of the Rook.

关键词： Breeding colony Climate change Corvus frugilegus Nest building Photoperiodism Predictable breeding

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Apoptosis and DNA damage in human spermatozoa

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 36-42页

作者： R John Aitken adam J Koppers ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia

DNA damage is frequently encountered in spermatozoa of subfertile males and is correlated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes including impaired fertilization, disrupted preimplantation embryonic development, increased rates of miscarriage and an enhanced risk of disease in the progeny. The etiology of DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa is closely correlated with the appearance of oxidative base adducts and evidence of impaired spermiogenesis. We hypothesize that oxidative stress impedes spermiogenesis, resulting in the generation of spermatozoa with poorly remodelled chromatin. These defective cells have a tendency to default to an apeptotic pathway associated with motility loss, caspase activation, phosphatidylserine exteriorization and the activation of free radical generation by the mitochondria. The latter induces lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, which then leads to DNA fragmentation and cell death. The physical architecture of spermatozoa prevents any nucleases activated as a result of this apoptotic process from gaining access to the nuclear DNA and inducing its fragmentation. It is for this reason that a majority of the DNA damage encountered in human spermatozoa seems to be oxidative. Given the important role that oxidative stress seems to have in the etiology of DNA damage, there should be an important role for antioxidants in the treatment of this condition. If oxidative DNA damage in spermatozoa is providing a sensitive readout of systemic oxidative stress, the implications of these findings could stretch beyond our immediate goal of trying to minimize DNA damage in spermatozoa as a prelude to assisted conception therapy.

关键词： apoptosis DNA damage oxidative stress spermatozoa

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Crystal Structure of Arabidopsis thaliana Dawdle Forkhead-Associated Domain Reveals a Conserved Phospho-Threonine Recognition Cleft for Dicer-Like 1 Binding

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1290-1300页

作者： Satoru Machida Y.adam Yuan Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 Singapore 117543 Singapore Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory National University of Singapore 1 Research Link Singapore 117604 Singapore Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore T-lab Building 5A Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117411 Singapore

Dawdle （DDL） is a microRNA processing protein essential for the development of Arabidopsis. DDL contains a putative nuclear localization signal at its amino-terminus and forkhead-associated （FHA） domain at the carboxyl-termi- nus. Here, we report the crystal structure of the FHA domain of Arabidopsis Dawdle, determined by multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion method at 1.7-A resolution. DDL FHA structure displays a seven-stranded 13-sandwich architec- ture that contains a unique structural motif comprising two long anti-parallel strands. Strikingly, crystal packing of the DDL FHA domain reveals that a glutamate residue from the symmetry-related DDL FHA domain, a structural mimic of the phospho-threonine, is specifically recognized by the structurally conserved phospho-threonine binding cleft. Consistently with the structural observations, co-immuno-precipitation experiments performed in Nicotiana benthami- ana show that the DDL FHA domain co-immuno-precipitates with DCL1 fragments containing the predicted pThr＋3（lle/ Val/Leu/Asp） motif. Taken together, we count the recognition of the target residue by the canonical binding cleft of the DDL FHA domain as the key molecular event to instate FHA domain-mediated protein-protein interaction in plant miRNA processing.

关键词： Arabidopsis DCL1 Arabidopsis DDL forkhead-associated domain phospho-threonine microRNA processing.

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Multi-regional observations and validation of the M_(3)ocean tide

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中国科学:地球科学英文版 2023年第10期66卷 2265-2277页

作者： adam Thomas DEVLIN Jiayi PAN Déborah IDIER School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang330022China Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawai’i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA Department of Oceanography University of Hawai’i at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077China Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education Nanchang330022China BRGM Orléans45060France

Improved determinations of the oft-ignored third-degree ocean tides can yield better accuracy for tidal predictions,numerical model solutions,and *** only a small part of tidal range,these components can be larger at certain coastal locations due to shelf resonances and other ***,we discuss observations of the M3lunar terdiurnal tide using 9-year windowed tidal harmonic analyses at 157 tide gauges compares to a global assimilation model(TPXO9v5a),with a focus on the Western Pacific and the European ***9v5a does well in estimating the observed M_(3)amplitudes and phase lags in most regions,though determinations in coastal zones and in morphologically complex areas are coarse and often *** also employ a shallow-water model(MARS)on the European Shelf,which can yield localized improvement over *** five subregions of the European Shelf,regional root-mean-squared-errors(RMSEs)are lower(and thus a better fit)at three locations for TPXO for amplitudes,and three for phase lags,with MARS simulations being a better fit in the other *** also show that some locations have experienced significant long-term increases and/or decreases in the M_(3)amplitude over time,likely related to resonance changes under sea level rise(SLR)which can modulate the oceanic response to astronomical *** hypothesis is explored for Europe using the MARS model by applying various sea level rise scenarios,showing that the directionality(positive or negative)of the long-term changes in M_(3)amplitudes over time match the model results for more than half of our validation stations.

关键词： Third-degree tides M_(3)tide Altimetry Numerical simulation Sea level rise

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