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Cereal area and nitrogen use efficiency are drivers of future nitrogen fertilizer consumption

Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第z2期48卷 745-758页

作者： achim dobermann Kenneth G.Cassman Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln P.O.Box 830915LincolnNE 68583-0915USA

At a global scale, cereal yields and fertilizer N consumption have increased in a near-linear fashion during the past 40 years and are highly correlated with one another. However,large differences exist in historical trends of N fertilizer usage and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)among regions, countries, and crops. The reasons for these differences must be understood to estimate future N fertilizer requirements. Global nitrogen needs will depend on: (i) changes in cropped cereal area and the associated yield increases required to meet increasing cereal demand from population and income growth, and (ii) changes in NUE at the farm level. Our analysis indicates that the anticipated 38% increase in global cereal demand by 2025 can be met by a 30% increase in N use on cereals, provided that the steady decline in cereal harvest area is halted and the yield response to applied N can be increased by 20%. If losses of cereal cropping area continue at the rate of the past 20 years (-0.33% per year) and NUE cannot be increased substantially, a 60% increase in global N use on cereals would be required to meet cereal demand. Interventions to increase NUE and reduce N losses to the environment must be accomplished at the farm- or field-scale through a combination of improved technologies and carefully crafted local policies that contribute to the adoption of improved N management; uniform regional or national directives are unlikey to be effective at both sustaining yield increases and improving NUE. Examples from several countries show that increases in NUE at rates of 1% per year or more can be achieved if adequate investments are made in research and extension. Failure to arrest the decrease in cereal crop area and to improve NUE in the world's most important agricultural systems will likely cause severe damage to environmental services at local, regional, and global scales due to a large increase in reactive N load in the environment.

关键词： nitrogen, cereals, nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer requirements, global food security.

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Sustainable intensification of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa:first things first!

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 376-382页

作者： Bernard VANLAUWE achim dobermann International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Nairobi00100 NairobiKenya 2 International Fertilizer Association75116 ParisFrance

We both belong to a generation of soils scientists and agronomists who have spent or are spending their career trying to develop and scale better soil and crop management solutions for smallholder farmers in the *** have witnessed some successes in this,but also many ***,the work of the first author(BV)has primarily been in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),while much of the work of the second author(AD)has been in *** both believe that there is great urgency to accelerate crop production in Africa,the region with the greatest challenges for food and nutritional security and socioeconomic *** believe that what SSA needs most now is an agronomic revolution.

关键词： soil Sustainable Africa

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农业生态系统中氮的利用效率与氮的管理

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2002年第2期31卷 131-139页

作者： Kenneth G.Cassman achim dobermann Daniel T.Walters 李红内布拉斯加州大学

在生产玉米、水稻和小麦的作物系统中既要满足增长的食物需求又要保护环境质量,面对这样一个全球性的挑战,我们不知会成功还是会失败。要使发达国家大规模的作物系统和发展中国家小规模的作物系统中产量、利润和环境保护这三者之间的关... 详细信息

在生产玉米、水稻和小麦的作物系统中既要满足增长的食物需求又要保护环境质量,面对这样一个全球性的挑战,我们不知会成功还是会失败。要使发达国家大规模的作物系统和发展中国家小规模的作物系统中产量、利润和环境保护这三者之间的关系尽可能优化,关键就是要实现氮的供应与作物需求之间的同步性,既不多也不少。为了迎接挑战而制订的研究议程和有效政策,要求我们定量地理解当前这些系统中氮利用的效率及损失的水平、生物物理法控制这些要素的水平和采用改善后的管理措施所获得的经济回报水平。对于这些问题,尽管在基础生物学、生态学和生物地球化学方面的研究进展能提供一些答案,但我们不应该低估科学研究所遇到的重大挑战,因为在全世界很有限的生产耕地上作物系统必须保持产量增加,而对其中氮的控制日益困难。

关键词：农业生态系统氮利用效率管理作物氮肥

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浙江金华地区水稻土养分供应能力研究

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中国水稻科学 2001年第3期15卷 201-205页

作者：王光火 A.dobermann C.WITT 孙庆祖傅荣兴浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江杭州310029 国际水稻研究所浙江省金华市农业局浙江金华321000

自 1997年早稻开始 ,在浙江省金华市农业科学研究所试验区稻田设立了监测水稻土生产力及肥力变化的长期肥料定位试验 ,并在试验区周围 10 km范围内选择了 2 1户农民的稻田进行相应的监测试验。试验区内农户间稻田土壤的养分供应能力相... 详细信息

自 1997年早稻开始 ,在浙江省金华市农业科学研究所试验区稻田设立了监测水稻土生产力及肥力变化的长期肥料定位试验 ,并在试验区周围 10 km范围内选择了 2 1户农民的稻田进行相应的监测试验。试验区内农户间稻田土壤的养分供应能力相差很大 ,氮供应能力变化于 49～ 116 kg/ hm2 ,磷供应能力变化于 13～ 32 kg/ hm2 ,钾供应能力变化于 6 8～ 183kg/ hm2 。农民常规施肥区的氮肥利用效率很低 ,氮表观回收率的平均值为 14%～ 2 6 % ,氮肥农业效率平均值为 4.6～ 8.2 ,且农户之间、早晚稻之间均存在较大差异。肥料定位试验结果表明 ,在连续种植水稻条件下 ,缺肥区土壤相应的有效养分消耗很快。与 NPK全肥区比较 ,NP区从第 2季水稻起 ,NK区从第 3季水稻起 ,即开始出现减产。针对当地农民现行养分管理的实际情况。

关键词：水稻土土壤养分供应能力养分管理

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A NEW APPROACH TO INCREASE THE ATTAINABLE RICE YIELD IN INTENSIVE IRRIGATED RICE SYSTEMS OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2001年第2期2卷 76-83页

作者：王光火傅荣兴孙庆祖 Dept. of Natural Resources Zhejiang University Hangzhou China International Rice Research Inst. Makati City Philippines Jinhua Agricultural Bureau Jinhua China

A new site-specific nutrient management approach was developed to break the apparent attainable yield barrier of 6 t\5ha\+\{-1\} in the double rice cropping system of Zhejiang. On-farm experiments involving 21 rice-growing farmer families and NPK long-term experiments commenced in 1997 in the central part of Zhejiang Province to assess the status of soil fertility and productivity under intensive rice-rice cropping. A new site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) approach has been developed for this studied area. Field-specific fertilizer recommendations are calculated considering indigenous nutrient supply, reasonable grain yield targets and corresponding nutrient demand, nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency, as well as socio-economic factors. The agronomic performance of SSNM was tested against the farmer’s fertilizer practice (FFP) in four 1998-1999 cropping seasons. Across seasons and years, SSNM consistently increased plant nutrient uptake, grain yield and profit by about 10%-15% compared to the FFP. Yield levels of 7.5 t \5ha\+\{-1\} or more seem achievable and sustainable through introduction of SSNM and improved extension services in Zhejiang Province.

关键词： rice yield potential nutrient efficiency site-specific nutrient management

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