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The PNA wavetrain and the sea surface temperature in the Northern Pacific

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1990年第4期9卷 527-538页

作者： Lin Xuechun Institute of Synoptic and Dynamic Meteorology, academy of meteorological Science, SMA, beijing, China Inst. of Synoptic & Dynamic Meteorology Academy of Meteorological Science SMA Beijing China.

In this paper, the response of the atmospheric 3-5 year cycle to Northern Pacific SST is discussed, The results are as follows:1. From the simultaneous temporal correlations between the Equatorial Eastern Pacific SST, the westerly dirft area's SST and the Northern Pacific SST at all gridpoints, we find that there are three correlative regions in the Northern Pacific SST field, they are the westerly drift area, the Equatorial Eastern Pacific and the Alaska Bay , and their structures are very similar to the PNA pattern in the atmosphere The difference PTI between the Equatorial Eastern Pacific SST anomaly and the westerly drift area's SST anomaly can indicate the change of the PNA pattern of the Northern Pacific SST anomaly. It can represent SST change of 65 % areas over the Northern Pacific and can keep watch on El Nino and un-El Nino.2. Simultaneous temporal correlative field between PTI and filtered 500hPa (there is 3-5 year cycle only ) of the Northern Hemisphere presents clear PNA structure. The responses of the filtered 500hPa to El Nino and to un-EI Nino produce +PNA and -PNA wavetrains respectively.3. According to the different positions of the sea-surface temperature rise (drop) ,El Nino (un-EI Nino )can be divided into two classes: east-pattern and middle-pattern. The responses of the filtered 500hPa to the east-pattern and to the middle-pattern will produce PNA and EAA wavetrain respectively. This indicates that the responses of the atmosphere to the stationary heat sources in diffrent areas will produce wavetrains in diffrent track.

关键词： Nino EI The PNA wavetrain and the sea surface temperature in the Northern Pacific SST PNA

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MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA IN BAROCLINIC ATMOSPHERE BY THERMAL FORCING RELATED TO SUBTROPICAL HIGH

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Science China Chemistry 1987年第11期31卷 1199-1210页

作者：刘四臣李维亮 academy of meteorological sciences State Meteorology Administration Beijing

By using Lorenz’s moist general circulation model, a nonlinear and dissipative system describing atmospheric motion has been obtained in approximation of Low *** multiple equilibria and the transformation between the flow patterns of winter and summer, the latitudinal oscillation of subtropical high by thermal forcing and nonlinear interaction of general circulation are studied in this *** results show that the transformation of flow patterns is a discontinuous leaping, and is a process of resetting new flow pattern by rapid exchange inflow *** the corresponding dry model, we cannot find the latitudinal oscillation of the center of subtropical *** the moist model, after the thermal effect of water vapor is drawn into the model, nonlinear interaction appears between flow and heating *** effect helps to bring about the latitudinal oscillation of subtropical high.

关键词： high MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA IN BAROCLINIC ATMOSPHERE BY THERMAL FORCING RELATED TO SUBTROPICAL HIGH

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Size-dependent hydroxyl radicals generation induced by SiO_2 ultra-fine particles: The role of surface iron

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第7期52卷 1033-1041页

作者： SHANG Yu1, ZHU Tong1, LI Yi1,2 & ZHAO JinCai3 1 College of Environmental sciences and Engineering, Peking University, beijing 100871, China 2 Chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100871, China 3 Institute of Chemistry, Chinese {4. of sciences, beijing 100871, China College of Environmental sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China Chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing China Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Oxidative stress and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) play important roles in adverse health effects caused by inhalable ambient air particles (PM10). The ultra-fine fraction of PM10 has been hypothesized as one of the critical contributors to ·OH generation. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that ultra-fine particles (UFPs) or nano-particles generate more ·OH than larger particles with identical mass and composition. Both the surface area and surface-adsorbed redox-active metals have been suggested as factors to determine the oxidative capacity of UFPs. In this study, the ·OH-generating capability of dif-ferent sizes of SiO2 particles was investigated in order to determine which factor influences particle-induced ·OH generation. The amount of ·OH generated in both acellular and cellular systems was quantified using a capillary electrophoresis method following exposure to SiO2 particles with diameters of 14. 100, and 500 nm. The amount of ·OH was strongly dependent on particle size, and a significant enhancement was observed only with 14.nm particles. Further studies indicated a close association between ·OH and iron ion concentration (R2 = 0.812, p<0.01). Washed particles, with their surface iron being removed, did not generate ·OH. The iron-containing leachate from these washings was able to enhance ·OH production as untreated particles did. Therefore, the presence of adsorbed iron on the surface of the SiO2 particles is presented as a possible mechanism of UPFs-induced ·OH generation. The SiO2 acted as an inert substrate, and the surface of ultra-fine SiO2 particles acted as a carrier for iron.

关键词： ultra-fine particles nano-particles ·OH oxidative stress size-effect

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A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and modeling of snow temperatures at Dome A, the summit of Antarctic Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2010年第5期53卷 763-772页

作者： CHEN BaiLian1,3, ZHANG RenHe2, SUN ShuFen1, BIAN LinGen2, XIAO CunDe4.2 & ZHANG TingJun5 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, China 2 Chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10004., China 4.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 5 The National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-04.9, USA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China The National Snow and Ice Data Center University of Colorado Boulder USA

A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°22′S, 70°22′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 20 m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperatures at 4.measurement depths (0.1, 1, 3, 10 m) shows good agreement and consistent seasonal variations. The model results reveal the vertical temperature structure within the near-surface snow layer and its seasonal variance with more details than those by limited measurements. Analyses on the model outputs of the surface energy fluxes show that: 1) the surface energy balance at Dome A is characterized by the compensation between negative net radiation and the positive sensible fluxes, and 2) the sensible heat is on average transported from the atmosphere to the snow, and has an evident increase in spring. The results are considered well representative for the highest interior Antarctic Plateau.

关键词： Antarctic Ice Sheet near-surface layer energy transfer numerical model

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Ocean color products retrieval and validation around China coast with MODIS

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第4期29卷 21-27页

作者： SUN Lingt GUO Maohua WANG Xiaomei Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration （LRCVES/CMA） National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China National Satellite Ocean Application Service State Oceanic Administration Beijing 100081 China

Waters along China coast are very turbid with high concentrations of suspended sediment nearly all the time,especially at the Hangzhou Bay,the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and the shoal along Jiangsu *** these turbid and optically complex waters,the standard MODIS ocean color products tend to have invalid *** the water-leaving radiances in the near-infrared （NIR） are significant resulting from the strong scattering of suspended particles,the standard MODIS atmospheric correction algorithm often gets no results or produces significant *** because of the complex water optical properties,the OC3 model used in the standard MODIS data processing tends to get extremely high chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） *** this paper,we present an atmospheric correction approach using MODIS short wave infrared （SWIR） bands based on the fact that water-leaving radiances are negligible in the SWIR region because of the extreme strong absorption of water even in turbid waters.A regional Chl-a concentration estimation model is also constructed for MODIS from in situ *** algorithms are applied to MODIS Aqua data processing in the China coastal *** situ data collected in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in spring and autumn,2003 are used to validate the *** good results have been *** is noted that water-leaving reflectance in the NIR bands are significant in waters along the China coast with high sediment *** satellite derived and in-situ reflectance spectra can match in the turbid waters along China coast,and there is relatively good linear relationship between satellite derived and in-situ *** RMSE value of Rrs（λ） is 0.0031 sr ？1 for all the nine ocean color bands （4.2 to 869 nm）.The satellite-derived Chl-a value is in the reasonable range and the root mean square percentage difference is 4..1%.

关键词： ocean color atmospheric correction chlorophyll-a MODIS China coastal region validation

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Improvement of the SLP simulation in the coupled AGCM-ocean surface wave model

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第20期50卷 2397-2400页

作者： YU Weidong1, 2, 3, LI Zhaoxin4.& YUAN Yeli3 1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese academy of sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2. Graduate School of Chinese academy of sciences, {4. 10004., China 3. Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic administration, Qingdao 266061, China 4. LMD/CNRS, Univ. Paris 6, Paris, France Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Graduate School of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China LMD/CNRS Univ. Paris 6 Paris France

The article reports on the use of the coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models for the climate study. The coupling of the ocean surface wave model with coupled general circulation models is proposed to prevent models from unrealistic simulations. The coupling of ocean surface wave model with oceanic general circulation model can result in much better reproduction of the upper ocean thermal structure. The atmospheric model provides sea surface wind for the ocean wave model.

关键词：大气海洋循环模式气象学 SLP模拟

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Comparative analysis of temperature and CO2 fluxes for winter wheat in Tibetan Plain and North China Plain using the EMD method

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1066-1071页

作者： JIANG Zhaoyang, YU Qiang, LEI Shuhe, WANG Tianduo, SUN Xiaomin and ZHANG Renhua ( Chinese academy of meteorological Science, beijing 100081, China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, China Mathematics Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 200032, China) Chinese academy of meteorological Science Beijing 100081 China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Mathematics Department Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

Comparative study of spectral properties of temperature and CO2 fluxes measured by eddy covariance method at Yucheng (36°57'N, 116°36'E, 28 m a.s.l., in the North China Plain) and at Lhasa (29°4.'N, 91°20'E, 3688 m a.s. 1., on the Tibetan Plateau) is described using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. The main results are: (1) The intrinsic oscillation modes or intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) were extracted from data of temperature ( T) and CO2 fluxes (F) measured at Yucheng ( T1 and F1) and Lhasa ( T2 and F2) . (2) Hilbert transform was applied to these IMF components, then the Hubert-Huang spectra and the marginal spectra of these data were obtained. (3) Comparison of temperature and CO2 fluxes in North China Plain and on Tibetan Plain illustrated that the characteristic frequencies corresponding to T1, F1, T2 and F2 are 0.05 Hz, 0.03 Hz, 0.014.Hz and 0.005 Hz, respectively.

关键词： empirical mode decomposition (EMD) intrinsic mode function (IMF) flux Hilbert transform wheat Tibet.

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Advancement and prospect of short-term numerical climate prediction

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第18期46卷 1497-1502页

作者： CHOU Jifan & XU Ming1. Department of Atmospheric sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Training Center of Chinese meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China Department of Atmospheric sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Training Center of Chinese meteorological administration Beijing China

The defects of present methods of short-term numerical climate prediction are discussed in this paper, and four challenging problems are put forward. Considering our under developed computer conditions, we should innovate in the approcuch of numerical climate prediction on the basis of our own achievements and experiences in the field of short-term numerical climate prediction. It is possibly an effective way to settle the present defects of short-term numerical climate prediction.

关键词： short-term climate numerical prediction defects innovation.

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Source mechanism of strong aftershocks (M_s≥5.6) of the 2008/05/12 Wenchuan earthquake and the implication for seismotectonics

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Science China Earth sciences 2009年第6期52卷 739-753页

作者： ZHENG Yong1,2,MA HongSheng3,Lü Jian4.NI SiDao5,LI YingChun6 & WEI ShengJi2 1 Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics,Chinese academy of sciences,Wuhan 4.0077,China 2 Institute of Geophysics,Chinese Earthquake administration,beijing {4.,China 3 Institute of Earthquake Science,Chinese Earthquake administration,beijing {4.,China 4.Earthquake administration of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330039,China 5 School of Earth and Space Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China 6 Earthquake administration of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210014.China Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China Institute of Geophysics Chinese Earthquake Administration Beijing China Institute of Earthquake Science Chinese Earthquake Administration Beijing China Earthquake administration of Jiangxi Province Nanchang China School of Earth and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Earthquake administration of Jiangsu Province Nanjing China

Dozens of >M5, hundreds of >M4. and much more >M3 aftershocks occurred after the 2008/05/12 Wenchuan earthquake, which were well recorded by permanent and portable seismic stations. After relocated with P arrival, the >M3 aftershocks show two trends of distribution, with most of the aftershocks located along the north-east strike consistent with Longmenshan fault system, yet there is a north-west trend around the epicenter. It seems that substantially more aftershocks occur in regions with crystalline bedrocks. Then we collected waveform data from National Digital Seismograph Network and regional seismograph network of China, and employed 'Cut and Paste' method to obtain focal mechanisms and depths of the big aftershocks (M≥5.6). While most of those aftershocks show thrust mechanism, there are some strike slip earthquakes in the northern-most end of the rupture. Focal mechanisms show that the events located on the southern part of central Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault (BY) are mainly thrust earthquakes, which is consistent with initial mechanism of the main shock rupture. In the north part the aftershocks along the BY are also dominated by thrust slip, which is quite different from the right slip rupture of the main shock. Around Qingchuan-Pingwu Fault, the focal mechanisms are dominated by right-slip rupture with large depths (~18 km). So we suspected that in the north part the main shock might rupture on two faults: Beichuan Fault and Qingchuan-Pingwu Fault. The complex pattern of aftershock mechanisms argues for presence of a complicated fault system in the Longmenshan area.

关键词： focal mechanism seismotectonics Wenchuan earthquake cut and paste.

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A STUDY OF LONG-RANGE PREDICTION MODELLING OF THE NUMBER AND THE LANDING PERIOD OF MOTHS OF OVERWlNTERING GENERATION IN THE OUTBREAKING AREA OF FIRST GENERATION ARMYWORM

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1984年第2期29卷 248-252页

作者：赵圣菊 academy of meteorological sciences State Meteorological Administration Beijing

Armyworm [Mythimna separata (Walker)] is a sudden eating harmful insect, which has to be eliminated in developing agriculture. The valley of the Yangtze River and the Huai River in China is one of outbreaking areas of the first generation of armyworm and it is strategically important to eliminate the armyworm in this area in China.

关键词： FIRST eliminate valley sudden Yangtze eating harmful agriculture insect quantities

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