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CO_2 background concentration in the atmosphere over the Chinese mainland

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第14期47卷 1217-1220页

作者： WANG Gengchen, WEN Yupu, KONG Qinxin, REN Lixin & WANG MulinInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing, 100029, China academy of meteorological sciences, China {4. administration, beijing 100086, China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China academy of meteorological sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing China

Based on the long-term monitoring data on CO2 concentration, variation trend and characteristics of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere over the Chinese mainland are analyzed. Results show that the increasing trend of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere over the Chinese mainland has appeared during the period of 1991-2000. The average annual CO2 growth increment is 1.59μL/L, and the average annual CO2 growth rate is 0.4.%. Distinct seasonal variations of CO2 background concentration are observed, and the averaged amplitude of CO2 seasonal variations is 10.35μL/L. Regional variation characteristics of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere and possible impact of human activities on these variations over the Chinese mainland are discussed as well.

关键词： CO2 background concentration Chinese mainland CO2 growth rate CO2 seasonal variation CO2 regional variation CO2 variation trend.

Relationship between the Asian-Pacific oscillation and the tropical cyclone frequency in the western North Pacific

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Science China Earth sciences 2008年第3期51卷 380-385页

作者： ZHOU BoTao1, CUI Xuan2 & ZHAO Ping3 1 Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China 2 National meteorological Center, China meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China 3 Chinese academy of meteorological sciences, China meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China National meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China Chinese academy of meteorological sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing China

The relationship between the Asian-Pacific oscillation (APO) and the tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific (WNP) in summer is preliminarily investigated through an analysis of ob- served data. The result has shown clearly that APO is significantly and positively correlated to the tropical cyclone frequency in the WNP. If APO is above (below) the normal in summer, more (less) tropical cyclones will tend to appear in the WNP. The present study also addresses the large-scale at- mospheric general circulation changes underlying the linkage between APO and the WNP tropical cy- clone frequency. It follows that a positive phase of summer APO is concurrent with weakened as well as northward and eastward located western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), low-level convergence and high-level divergence, and reduced vertical zonal wind shear in the WNP, providing favorable envi- ronment for the tropical cyclone genesis, and thus more tropical cyclones will come into being, and vice versa.

关键词： Asian-Pacific oscillation western North Pacific tropical cyclone atmospheric circulation

Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1457-1465页

作者： Zhao Yu1,2,3, Wang Jianguo4.and Xue Deqiang2(1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, China 2. Shandong Provincial meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031, China 3. Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, China 4. Shandong Provincial meteorological Bureau, Jinan 250031, China) Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shandong Provincial meteorological Observatory Jinan 250031 China Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China Shandong Provincial meteorological Bureau Jinan 250031 China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North China. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.

关键词： moist vorticity vector heavy rainfall modeling study.

A comparative analysis on two solar proton events

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第1期52卷 47-51页

作者： LE GuiMing1,2,3,4. HAN YanBen2 & ZHANG YiJun3 1 Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China 2 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese academy of {4., beijing 100012, China 3 Chinese academy of meteorological sciences, China meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China 4.National Center for Space Weather, China meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

This paper presents a comparative analysis on the two Solar Proton Events (SPE), which occurred on 14.July 2000 (Bastille Day) and 28 October 2003 (28OCT03) respectively. It is found that although the peak flux of the latter seemed to be greater than that of the former based on geostationary observations, the maximum intensities of the energetic protons (>10 MeV and 30 MeV) during the Bastille Day event were all higher than those of the 28OCT03 event according to the interplanetary observations. Further analysis indicated that the quantity of the seed particles, which could be accelerated to the energies exceeding 10 and 30 MeV by the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)-driven shock on 14.July 2000, was far larger than that of the 28OCT03 event. In the Bastille Day case, when the CME approached to the height around 14.R⊙, the CME-driven shock would reach its maximum capacity in accelerating the solar en- ergetic protons (>100 MeV). In contrast, on 28 October 2003, when CME approached to the height about 58R⊙, the CME-driven shock reached its highest potential in accelerating the solar energetic protons of the same category. At this moment, the peak flux (>100 MeV) was about 155 pfu, which was much lower than 355 pfu measured on 14.July 2000. This demonstrated that in the Bastille Day event, the quantity of the seed particles, which could be accelerated to the energy beyond 100 MeV, was significantly larger than its counterpart in the 28OCT03 case. Therefore, the peak flux of an SPE event depends not only on the interplanetary intensity of the solar energetic particles, but also on the velocity of the associated CME-driven shock, and the quantity of the seed particles as well as on the interplanetary magnetic en- vironment. This paper also reveals that the magnetic sheath associated with ICME on 28 October 2003 captured a large number of solar energetic protons, including those having energy greater than 100 MeV.

关键词：太阳质子 CME 太阳耀斑太阳系

Simulation of 1991-2005 Meiyu seasons in the Yangtze-Huaihe region using BCC_RegCM 1.0

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第11期55卷 1077-1083页

作者： HU YaMin1,2,3& DING YiHui4.1 Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China meteorological administration, Guangzhou 510080, China 2 Guangdong Climate Center, Guangzhou 510080, China 3 Chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, China 4.National Climate Center, China meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Guangzhou 510080 China Guangdong Climate Center Guangzhou 510080 China Chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

By using BCC_RegCM 1.0 (RegCM for short) from beijing Climate Center (BCC), China meteorological administration (CMA), the Meiyu season characters over the Yangtze-Huaihe region during 1991-2005 are simulated. The major conclusions of this study may be summarized as the following: (1) RegCM can reproduce the interannual variation and the spatial distribution of the summertime precipitation and temperature in the Yangtze-Huaihe region. (2) By use of a generalized Meiyu criterion and in accordance with model-calculated precipitation and temperature, the Meiyu onset and ending date have been determined. Compared with the observation, RegCM can simulate the interannual variation of the Yangtze-Huaihe Meiyu with preferable capability for most of the normal Meiyu years (such as 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004., especially for the rich Meiyu years of 1996, 1998 and 1999. (3) In terms of the average simulation for the recent 15 years, the timings of onset and ending of Meiyu occur on June 1 and July 13, respectively, which are earlier than the climatological observation. For duration, Meiyu persists for 32 d, 3 d shorter than the observation. The index of Meiyu intensity is 2.4., while the climatological one is 3.00. Therefore, RegCM is capable of simulating the climatological Meiyu duration and intensity, while the capability of simulating the onset and ending date of Meiyu still needs to be improved.

关键词：梅雨季节模拟计算长江气候观测发病时间强度指数中国气象局空间分布

The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon

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Science Bulletin 2006年第1期51卷 80-88页

作者： Lü Junmei1,2,4. ZHANG Qingyun1, TAO Shiyan1 & JU Jianhua3 1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sci- ences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Atmospheric sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3. China {4. administration Training Centre, beijing 100081, China 4. Graduate School of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Atmospheric sciences Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Graduate School of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China China meteorological administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 China

Based on the daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from National Oceanic and At- mospheric administration (NOAA) satellites, the Cli- mate Prediction Center’s merged analysis of pre- cipitation (CMAP) data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for At- mospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis dataset, the mean intraseasonal variability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is investigated by using power spectrum analysis, band-pass filter, and diagnostic analyses. The processes of the onset and advance of monsoon over the southern part of Indo- china Peninsula, the east coast of Bay of Bengal, the South China Sea and the Indian subcontinent are explored. It is found that there is an abrupt change in OLR, precipitation and zonal wind during the onset and advance of the ASM. It is also indicated that the southern part of Indochina Peninsula and the adja- cent Andaman Sea is the region where the earliest onset of the ASM occurs in the 2nd pentad of May.

关键词： Asian summer monsoon intraseasonal variability onset advance.

Simulated seasonal movement of precipitation zone in rainy season over China and its change on CO_2-doubling

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1993年第2期5卷 150-157页

作者： Cao HongxingChinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, China Chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 10081 China. China

In this paper, an investigation of simulated monthly precipitations from April to September is made. Though the precipitations are sometimes overestimated or underestimated, the geographical advance and recession of precipitation zones are well simulated by the UKMO global climate model with a simple mixed-layer ocean. Main characteristics of large-scale precipitation distribution are changed less on CO2-doubling, but the change is significant in some regions. The change in precipitation threatens us while the dry region is imposed by rainfall defect or the wet region by abundant rainfall induced by CO2-doubling.

关键词： greenhouse effect carbon dioxide change climate simulation.

Response of remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index to the 2006 Drought of eastern Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth sciences 2008年第5期51卷 748-758页

作者： ZHANG WenJiang1, LU QiFeng2, GAO ZhiQiang3 & PENG Jian4.1 School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China 2 National Satellite meteorological Center, China meteorological administration, beijing 100081, China 3 Institute of Geographic {4. and Natural Resources Research, Chinese academy of {4., beijing 100101, China 4.School of Environmental {4., Peking University, beijing 100871, China School of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University Chengdu China National Statellite meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Environmental sciences Peking University Beijing China

One of the most serious droughts in last century occurred in eastern Sichuan Basin in the summer of 2006 (hereinafter called the Drought). The response of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, boarding on NASA satellites of Terra and Aqua) to the Drought was analyzed in order to reach one practicable monitoring solution for regional soil moisture. Temporal process and spatial extension of the Drought were firstly estimated with ground meteorological and hydrological observations. Then, for the whole region of Sichuan and Chongqing, the remotely sensed Normalized Difference Water In- dex (NDWI) for the summers of 2001―2006 were calculated based on 8-day composite MODIS products, which were further used to construct a new water index (Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index, NDWDI) to examine the sensitivity of remote sensing in the Drought. The study showed that the NDWDI is more sensitive to regional drought than other absolute-soil-moisture-based indices. With the new index, the study extracted the spatial-temporal characteristics of the 2006 Drought, and explored its developing and withdrawing processes, which agreed with related statistics. Compared with ground method of drought observation, the NDWDI-based remote sensing solution of this paper is more pref- erable and practicable in that the local soil properties of water consumption and supply are implicitly taken into account, and the spatial representativity limit of ground observation is circumvented to a degree as satellite remotely senses the earth surface in a way of two-dimensional pixel matrix. So, the NDWDI-based method can be used to monitor regional soil water stress situation more practically and efficiently.

关键词： Sichuan Basin drought Normalized Difference Water Deviation Index response of remote sensing regional scale

Responses of soil respiration in non-growing seasons to environmental factors in a maize agroecosystem,Northeast China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2723-2730页

作者： LI RongPing1,2,3, ZHOU GuangSheng1,4.& WANG Yu1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, China 2 Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China meteorological {4., Shenyang 110016, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10004., China 4.Chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological Administration Shenyang 110016 China Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China

Based on continuous three-year measurements (from 2004.to 2007) of eddy covariance and related environmental factors, environmental controls on variation in soil respiration (Rs) during non-growing season were explored in a maize agroecosystem in Northeast China. Our results indicated that during non-growing seasons, daily Rs was 1.08-4.08 g CO2 m-2 d-1, and the lowest occurred in late November. The average Rs of non-growing season was 4.6.06 ± 20.01 g CO2 m-2, accounting for 11% of the gross primary production (GPP) of the growing season. Additionally, at monthly scale, the lowest value of Rs appeared in January or February. From the beginning to the end of non-growing season, daily Rs tended to decrease first, and then increase to the highest. There was a significant quadratic curve relationship between Rs and soil temperature at 10 cm depth when soil temperature was more than 0°C (P4. of Rs in growing season, indicating that it plays a critical role in assessing the carbon budget in maize agroecosystem, Northeast China.

关键词：中国东北地区农田生态系统生长季节土壤呼吸环境因素玉米土壤含水量反应