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Identification of fungal fossils and novel azaphilone pigments in ancient carbonised specimens of Hypoxylon fragiforme from forest soils of Chatillon-sur-Seine(Burgundy)

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第5期92卷 345-356页

作者： Frank Surup abolfazl narmani Lucile Wendt Sebastian Pfutze Robin Kretz Kevin Becker Cle ment Menbrives Alain Giosa Michelle Elliott Christophe Petit Manfred Rohde Marc Stadler Dept.Microbial Drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig38124 BraunschweigGermany Department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne UMR 7041Archéologies EnvironnementalesParisFrance Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH Central Facility for MicroscopyInhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany

Fungal stromata were recently discovered in association with charcoal and burnt soil aggregates during an archaeological survey in the Chaˆtillon-sur-Seine forest *** wood and soil in the samples were dated to the medieval period(between 738 and 1411 AD).Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that a few of the stromatal fragments still contained *** macromorphological characters were described and secondary metabolite profiles were generated using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC–DAD/MS).The combination of these two data lines then allowed species *** of the fragments were assigned to Hypoxylon fragiforme,the type species of the Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales).Two further species whose stromata grew on the fossil charcoal could be tentatively identified as Jackrogersella cohaerens and(more tentatively)as Hypoxylon *** three species are still commonly encountered in the forests of Central Europe ***,the HPLC-HRMS data of *** suggested the presence of unknown azaphilone dimers and of further new *** archaeological compounds were compared to fresh stromata of *** collected in Germany and subjected to the same analytical *** the major components in both samples were identified as the known mitorubrin type azaphilones and orsellinic acid,the chemical structures of seven novel complex azaphilone pigments,for which we propose the trivial names rutilins C-D and fragirubrins A-E,were elucidated using spectral methods(NMR and CD spectroscopy,high resolution mass spectrometry).It appears that these pigments had indeed persisted for millennia in the fossil stromata.

关键词： Biodiversity Chemotaxonomy Phylogeny Sordariomycetes Xylariales Structure elucidation

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