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Application of machine learning and deep learning in geothermal resource development: Trends and perspectives

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第3期3卷 286-301页

作者： abdulrahman al‐Fakih Abdulazeez Abdulraheem Sanlinn Kaka College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences King Fahd University of Petroleum MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia

This study delves into the latest advancements in machine learning and deep learning applications in geothermal resource development,extending the analysis up to *** focuses on artificial intelligence's transformative role in the geothermal industry,analyzing recent literature from Scopus and Google Scholar to identify emerging trends,challenges,and future *** results reveal a marked increase in artificial intelligence(AI)applications,particularly in reservoir engineering,with significant advancements observed post‐*** study highlights AI's potential in enhancing drilling and exploration,emphasizing the integration of detailed case studies and practical *** also underscores the importance of ongoing research and tailored AI applications,in light of the rapid technological advancements and future trends in the field.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning geothermal energy development machine learning

An Optimized Approach to Deep Learning for Botnet Detection and Classification for Cybersecurity in Internet of Things Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2331-2349页

作者： abdulrahman alzahrani Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Hafr Al BatinP.O.Box 1803Hafr Al Batin39524Saudi Arabia

The recent development of the Internet of Things(IoTs)resulted in the growth of IoT-based DDoS *** detection of Botnet in IoT systems implements advanced cybersecurity measures to detect and reduce malevolent botnets in interconnected *** detection models evaluate transmission patterns,network traffic,and device behaviour to detect deviations from usual *** learning(ML)techniques detect patterns signalling botnet activity,namely sudden traffic increase,unusual command and control patterns,or irregular device *** addition,intrusion detection systems(IDSs)and signature-based techniques are applied to recognize known malware signatures related to *** ML and deep learning(DL)techniques have been developed to detect botnet attacks in IoT *** overcome security issues in an IoT environment,this article designs a gorilla troops optimizer with DL-enabled botnet attack detection and classification(GTODL-BADC)*** GTODL-BADC technique follows feature selection(FS)with optimal DL-based classification for accomplishing security in an IoT *** data preprocessing,the min-max data normalization approach is primarily *** GTODL-BADC technique uses the GTO algorithm to select features and elect optimal feature ***,the multi-head attention-based long short-term memory(MHA-LSTM)technique was applied for botnet ***,the tree seed algorithm(TSA)was used to select the optimum hyperparameter for the MHA-LSTM *** experimental validation of the GTODL-BADC technique can be tested on a benchmark *** simulation results highlighted that the GTODL-BADC technique demonstrates promising performance in the botnet detection process.

关键词： Botnet detection internet of things gorilla troops optimizer hyperparameter tuning intrusion detection system

Flow Regimes in Bubble Columns with and without Internals: A Review

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 239-256页

作者： Ayat N.Mahmood Amer A.abdulrahman Laith S.Sabri Abbas J.Sultan Hasan Shakir Majdi Muthanna H.al-Dahhan Department of Chemical Engineering University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeBabylonIraq Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaUSA

Hydrodynamics characterization in terms ofﬂow regime behavior is a crucial task to enhance the design of bubble column reactors and scaling up related *** review presents recent studies on the typicalﬂow regimes established in bubble *** effort is also provided to introduce relevant deﬁnitions pertaining to thisﬁeld,namely,that of“void fraction”and related(local,chordal,cross-sectional and volumetric)*** studies involving different parameters that affect design and operating conditions are also discussed in *** the second part of the review,the attention is shifted to cases with internals of various types(perfo-rated plates,bafﬂes,vibrating helical springs,mixers,and heat exchanger tubes)immersed in the bubble *** is shown that the presence of these elements has a limited inﬂuence on the global column ***,they can make the homogeneousﬂow regime more stable in terms of transition gas velocity and transi-tion holdup *** last section is used to highlight gaps which have not beenﬁlled yet and future directions of investigation.

关键词： Hydrodynamics ﬂow regime bubble column heat-exchanging internals

Validation of a Method for Characterization of Ethanol in Water by HS-GC-FID to Serve the Traceability of Halal Measurements

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 17-28页

作者： Adel B. Shehata abdulrahman R. al Askar Mohammed A. al Rasheed abdulrahman M. al Zahrany Fahd A. al Kharraa Sowailem A. al Sowailem Chemistry Department/National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC) Saudi Standards Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The determination of the ethanol content in food products is of fundamental importance for Halal certification. In this work, an analytical method for the determination of ethanol in water by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID) has been developed and validated for the use in characterization of ethanol reference materials. The validation study was carried out in the linear calibration range 100 - 1500 mg/kg using the NIST SRM 2900, nominal 95.6%. The studied performance characteristics of the method were the limit of detection, LOD, the limit of quantification LOQ, selectivity, linearity, precision, recovery and bias. The validation results showed that the method is selective, precise, accurate and free from any significant bias. The LOD and LOQ were 1.27 and 3.86 mg/kg respectively and the estimated expanded uncertainty was 2% indicating that the method is fit for the purpose of certification of ethanol in water reference materials.

关键词： Ethanol HS-GC-FID Validation Linearity Precision Bias

Sentiment Analysis of Low-Resource Language Literature Using Data Processing and Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 713-733页

作者： Aizaz ali Maqbool Khan Khalil Khan Rehan Ullah Khan abdulrahman aloraini Department of IT and Computer Science Pak-Austria Fachhochschule:Institute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripur22620Pakistan Software Competence Center Hagenberg Softwarepark 32aHagenberg4232Austria Department of Computer Science School of Engineering and Digital SciencesNazarbayev UniversityAstana010000Kazakhstan Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityP.O.Box 1162BuraydahSaudi Arabia

Sentiment analysis, a crucial task in discerning emotional tones within the text, plays a pivotal role in understandingpublic opinion and user sentiment across diverse *** numerous scholars conduct sentiment analysisin widely spoken languages such as English, Chinese, Arabic, Roman Arabic, and more, we come to grapplingwith resource-poor languages like Urdu literature which becomes a challenge. Urdu is a uniquely crafted language,characterized by a script that amalgamates elements from diverse languages, including Arabic, Parsi, Pashtu,Turkish, Punjabi, Saraiki, and more. As Urdu literature, characterized by distinct character sets and linguisticfeatures, presents an additional hurdle due to the lack of accessible datasets, rendering sentiment analysis aformidable undertaking. The limited availability of resources has fueled increased interest among researchers,prompting a deeper exploration into Urdu sentiment analysis. This research is dedicated to Urdu languagesentiment analysis, employing sophisticated deep learning models on an extensive dataset categorized into fivelabels: Positive, Negative, Neutral, Mixed, and Ambiguous. The primary objective is to discern sentiments andemotions within the Urdu language, despite the absence of well-curated datasets. To tackle this challenge, theinitial step involves the creation of a comprehensive Urdu dataset by aggregating data from various sources such asnewspapers, articles, and socialmedia comments. Subsequent to this data collection, a thorough process of cleaningand preprocessing is implemented to ensure the quality of the data. The study leverages two well-known deeplearningmodels, namely Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), for bothtraining and evaluating sentiment analysis performance. Additionally, the study explores hyperparameter tuning tooptimize the models’ efficacy. Evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, and the F1-score are employed to assessthe effectiv

关键词： Urdu sentiment analysis convolutional neural networks recurrent neural network deep learning natural language processing neural networks

Bullous Pemphigoid Induced by Doxycycline: Case Report and Literature Review

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第5期13卷 187-192页

作者： Mishal al Mebayadh Rahaf aldawish Sohail A. Butt abdulrahman Saad aljahhan Dermatology Department Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University-National Guard Hospital Dammam Saudi Arabia Dermatology Department Al Rass General Hospital Al-Qassim Saudi Arabia Pathology Department Dammam Regional Laboratory & Blood Bank MOH Dammam Saudi Arabia Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI) Dammam Health Network Dammam Saudi Arabia

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune sub-epidermal blistering disease that affects mainly the elderly and could lead to serious morbidity. It has numerous risk factors and triggers, including an aging population with several comorbidities and drug exposure. In the published paper, we reported a case about a 32 years old male patient with unknown medical conditions who presented with erythematous patches and plaques on the scalp, face, and trunk with scattered blisters two weeks after initiating doxycycline treatment for folliculitis. The exact pathogenesis of the drug-reaction in drug- associated bullous pemphigoid (DABP) remains controversial. In conclusion, it is crucial for clinicians to be aware of DABP when prescribing doxycycline. The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness of the possible association between bullous pemphigoid and doxycycline.

关键词： Bullous Pemphigoid Doxycycline Drug-Associated Bullous Pemphigoid

Calibration of CO and CO₂ Monitors Used in Periodic Inspection of Vehicles at Fixed Stations for Environmental Control

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 29-41页

作者： Adel Bassuoni Shehata abdulrahman Rashed al Askar Najjy Hamad al Yami Abdullah Suleiman al Owaysi Sultan K. alharbi Chemistry Department National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC) Saudi Standards Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Global efforts for environmental cleanliness through the control of gaseous emissions from vehicles are gaining momentum and attracting increasing attention. Calibration plays a crucial role in these efforts by ensuring the quantitative assessment of emissions for informed decisions on environmental treatments. This paper describes a method for the calibration of CO/CO2 monitors used for periodic inspections of vehicles in cites. The calibration was performed in the selected ranges: 900 - 12,000 µmol/mol for CO and 2000 - 20,000 µmol/mol for CO2. The traceability of the measurement results to the SI units was ensured by using certified reference materials from CO/N2 and CO2/N2 primary gas mixtures. The method performance was evaluated by assessing its linearity, accuracy, precision, bias, and uncertainty of the calibration results. The calibration data exhibited a strong linear trend with R² values close to 1, indicating an excellent fit between the measured values and the calibration lines. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD), ranged from 0.48 to 4.56% for CO and from 0.97 to 3.53% for CO2, staying well below the 5% threshold for reporting results at a 95% confidence level. Accuracy measured as percent recovery, was consistently high (≥ 99.1%) for CO and ranged from 84.90% to 101.54% across the calibration range for CO2. In addition, the method exhibited minimal bias for both CO and CO2 calibrations and thus provided a reliable and accurate approach for calibrating CO/CO2 monitors used in vehicle inspections. Thus, it ensures the effectiveness of exhaust emission control for better environment.

关键词： Monitors Periodic Inspection CO/CO2 Calibration Linearity Precision Accuracy

The use of green infrastructure and irrigation in the mitigation of urban heat in a desert city

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 679-694页

作者： Kai Gao Shamila Haddad Riccardo Paolini Jie Feng Muzahim altheeb abdulrahman AI Mogirah Abdullatif Bin Moammar Mattheos Santamouris School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign and ArchitectureUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Royal Commission of Riyadh City RiyadhSaudi Arabia Institute of Future Cities Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Severe urban heat,a prevalent climate change consequence,endangers city residents ***-based mitigation strategies are commonly employed to address this ***,the Middle East and North Africa are under investigated in terms of heat mitigation,despite being one of the regions most vulnerable to climate *** study assesses the feasibility and climatic implications of wide-scale implementation of green infrastructure(GI)for heat mitigation in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia—a representative desert city characterized by low vegetation coverage,severe summer heat,and *** research forecasting model(WRF)is used to simulate GI cooling measures in Riyadh’s summer condition,including measures of increasing vegetation coverage up to 60%,considering irrigation and vegetation types(tall/short).In Riyadh,without irrigation,increasing GI fails to cool the city and can even lead to warming(0.1 to 0.3℃).Despite irrigation,Riyadh’s overall GI cooling effect is 50% lower than GI cooling expectations based on literature meta-analyses,in terms of average peak hour temperature *** study highlights that increased irrigation substantially raises the rate of direct soil evaporation,reducing the proportion of irrigation water used for transpiration and thus diminishing ***,water resource management must be tailored to these specific considerations.

关键词： green infrastructure evapotranspiration cooling desert city irrigation urban overheating

Congenital absence of the lateral meniscus:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 477-482页

作者： Hamad ali alkhunayfir Abdulaziz ali alQahtani abdulrahman Jalwi Korkoman Department of Orthopedic Surgery Prince Muhammed bin Abdulaziz HospitalRiyadh 61422Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopedic Surgery Prince Sultan Military Medical CityRiyadh 12233Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of BishaBisha 67714Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Congenital absence of the menisci is a rare anatomical variation characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of one or both menisci in the knee *** menisci are crucial in load distribution,joint stability,and shock *** the clinical presentation,diagnosis,and management of this condition is important for optimal patient *** SUMMARY A 27-year-old male with a long-standing history of knee pain underwent diagnostic arthroscopy,revealing a congenital absence of the *** patient's clinical findings,imaging results,surgical procedures,and pertinent images are *** case presents a unique aspect with the congenital absence of the meniscus,contributing valuable insights to the literature on rare anatomical *** This case of congenital absence of the menisci highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by rare *** diagnostic arthroscopy played a crucial role in identifying the absence of the meniscus and providing an explanation for the patient's persistent knee *** case underscores the importance of individualized treatment approaches,including physical therapy,for optimal management of rare meniscal *** research is warranted to explore effective management strategies for the aforementioned cases and to expand our knowledge of these rare conditions.

关键词： Lateral meniscus Arthroscopy Knee joint Menisci reformation Magnetic resonance imaging Case report