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Evaluation of Combined Landscape Restoration Practices on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Semiarid Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第10期12卷 503-522页

作者： Stéphanie Batchakoué Maïga-Yaleu abdul-charif cissé Sibiry Albert Kaboré Damien Hauswirth Oumarou Malam Issa Maguette Kaire Ibrahim Bouzou Moussa Hassan Bismarck Nacro Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Materials (LCMM) Joseph KI-ZERBO University (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Study and Research on Soil Fertility (LERF) Rural Development Institute (IDR) Nazi BONI University (UNB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso University Center of Tenkodogo Thomas SANKARA University (UTS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso ECO Consult GmbH & Co. KG (Niger) Oberaula Germany IRD UMR Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (IEES-Paris) SU/IRD/CNRS/INRAE/UPEC Centre IRD de France Nord Bondy Cedex France AGRHYMET Regional Center Permanent Interstates Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) Niamey Niger Abdou Moumouni University Department of geography Niamey Niger

Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) practices have been reported to improve soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs) and contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of combined FLR practices, mainly developed in semiarid regions, on SOCs. The SOCs, soil texture, bulk density (ρ), pH, CO2 emissions, and herbaceous biomass were determined at a 0 - 30 cm depth. The experimental design comprised degraded land without FLR practices and three sets of combined FLR practices. These practices included “zaï” + stone bunds + organic manure + assisted natural regeneration (ANR) used to convert degraded land into forest (GF) and cropland (PARL);“zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR used to convert degraded land into cropland (OARL) and “zaï”+ stone bunds + organic manure used to convert degraded land into cropland (KARL). SOCs were highest (20.02 t C ha−1) under OARL compared with the other combinations of FLR practices. SOCs increased by 99% (+0.2 t C ha−1⋅yr−1), 58% (+0.3 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) and 13% (+0.2 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) under GF, OARL and KARL, respectively, and decreased by 15% (−0.1 t C ha−1⋅yr−1) under PARL. This study provides additional information explaining SOC variation in restored degraded land through the implementation of a combination of FLR practices. This is useful for recommending the combination “zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR to improve SOCs in the semiarid agroecosystem.

关键词： Soil Organic Carbon Improved Management Soil Restoration Management Practices Semiarid Area

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Comparative Study between Dielectric Properties and Compaction Parameters: Case Study on Three Laterite Quarries

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第8期14卷 746-759页

作者： Cheikh Diallo Diene Sabou Sarr Abdoulaye cissé Mapathé Ndiaye Laboratoire de Gophysique UFR Sciences de lIngnieur University Iba Der Thiam Thies Senegal Laboratoire de Modlisation et de Mcanique des Sols UFR Sciences de lIngnieur University Iba Der Thiam Thies Senegal

This work studies the variability of the relationship between relative permittivity and compaction parameters as a function of certain geotechnical properties for different laterite types. This study allows to purpose the dielectric permittivity as a third compaction parameter allowing to obtain a non destructive control méthod. Preliminary studies on Diack laterite had shown a good correlation. Additional investigations are carried out to verify the possibility of generalizing this correlation to three new laterite careers: Ngoudiane, Yéba and Fandene. To proceed, particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, specific weight tests and compaction according to the modified Proctor test were performed on laterite samples. Using the radar method, experimental permittivities are determined for laterite samples by the point method of propagation times and confirmed by the diffraction hyperbole method. The geotechnical and radar data obtained allowed correlations between permittivity and water content on the one hand and between permittivity and dry density on the other. The results show that the maximum dry density as a function of permittivity corresponds with the optimum Proctor, which confirms the results previously obtained on Diack laterite.

关键词： Radar Laterite Moisture Content Dry Density Permittivity Geotechnical Properties

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Evaluation of Combined Landscape Restoration Practices on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Semiarid Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Soil Science（土壤科学期刊） 2022年第10期

作者： stéphanie batchakoué maïga-yaleu abdul-charif cissé sibiry albert kaboré damien hauswirth oumarou malam issa maguette kaire ibrahim bouzou moussa hassan bismarck nacro

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Optimization of Diesel and Crude Oil Degradation in a Ghanaian Soil Using Organic Wastes as Amendment

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Adama Sawadogo Innocent Yao Dotse Lawson Hama cissé Cheikna Zongo Aly Savadogo Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Soil Science Department School of Agriculture University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons poses numerous environmental, health and agricultural problems. The degradation of these pollutants can occur naturally but very slowly. It is therefore generally necessary to stimulate this degradation by different means. Thus, this study aimed to improve the bio-degradation of diesel and crude oil in a Ghanaian soil by biostimulation. For this, the sampled soil was characterized by standard methods and contaminated with diesel and crude oil at a proportion of 1% (w/w). Then, contaminated soil samples were supplemented with biochar-compost, poultry manure or cow dung at the proportion of 10% (w/w). Periodically, fractions of these samples were taken to evaluate the density of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and the residual quantities of diesel or crude oil. The characteristics of the soil used show the need for supplementation for better degradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the study show that supplementing the soil with organic substrates increases HUB loads in soils contaminated by diesel and crude oil. They also show that the residual quantities of diesel and crude oil are generally significantly lower in supplemented soils (p = 0.048 and p < 0.0001 respectively). In addition, the study shows that degradation was generally greater in soils contaminated by diesel compared to those contaminated by crude oil, especially at the end of the study.

关键词： Biodegradation Biostimulation Soil Diesel Crude Oil Organic Amendment Ghana

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Profile of Factors of Arduous Work among Healthcare Professionals in Healthcare Facilities in Northern Benin in 2021

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第1期12卷 41-48页

作者： Gounongbé Ahoya Christophe Fabien Mama cissé Ibrahim Lompo Marthe Sandrine Azandjèmè Colette Bèhanzin Luc Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Regional Institute of Public Health of Ouidah University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin National Training School for Senior Technicians in Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Introduction: Work environments create the basis for arduous nursing work. This is what led us to research the factors of arduousness in the exercise of the health profession in North Benin, through this study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study which focused on health professionals in the health zones of Parakou-N’dali and Tchaourou. The sampling was an exhaustive census. All health workers who had given their free and informed consent were included. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The variables studied were the factors of arduous work and socio-professional characteristics. The data collected was processed and analyzed with the Epi info 7.***.0.1 software. Results: A total of 692 were surveyed, the participation rate was 85.11% and the sex ratio (M/F) equal to 0.7. The average age was 38 years old. Nurses made up 32.66% of the sample. They were 86.42% subject to night work and 82.66% to alternating work. Overall, 70.23% worked more than 40 hours per week. Between 78.12% and 96.46% of non-specialist doctors, nurses, midwives and biomedical analysis technicians were required to work night shifts. Nurses, midwives, radiology and laboratory technicians were between 89.53% and 97.35%, organized in alternating work. In the sample, 55.20% complained about the insufficient number of work materials, 26.29% handled harmful chemical substances. Among those surveyed, 58.14% had been attacked. Conclusion: All professional categories of caregivers are subject to arduous work. Measures are needed to reverse the situation.

关键词： Hard Work Professionals Health North-Bénin

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Measurement of Radon Concentration and Estimation of Cancer Risk in Twenty-Four Model Houses in the Town of Koudougou

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 193-204页

作者： Moumouni Derra Luc Telado Bambara Karim Kaboré Yalgado Zakaria Sawadogo Ousmane cissé François Zougmoré Physics Department University Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Physics and Chemical Department Institute of Sciences and Technology “Ecole Normale Supérieure” Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Physics Department Virtual University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Materials and Environment University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The objective of our study is to evaluate the concentration of radon (86Rn) inside houses in the town of Koudougou in order to estimate its impact on the health of the population. Indeed, when uranium-rich minerals are found near the surface of the ground, radon concentrations can reach tens of becquerels per cubic meter in enclosed spaces. Given the nature of the geological base of Burkina Faso, this situation is quite probable and certain places that are sometimes poorly ventilated (house, school, office, etc.) can have radon levels high enough to constitute a health problem for occupants. Thus, twenty-four (24) sample houses were identified. In each house, the Corentium digital detector was between 0.8 m and 2 m for at least one week in a place where the occupants estimate that they spend more time of time and measure the concentration of radon in the long term and short term. The recorded data allowed us to determine the Absorbed Dose and the Annual Effective Dose of radon gas for each house in order to estimate the Risk of Cancer and the probable Number of Cases of Lung Cancer per million inhabitants. Thus, the results indicate that the long-term radon concentration varies between 6 Bq/m3 and 285 Bq/m3 respectively in houses 11 and 4 compared to 1 Bq/m3 to 208 Bq/m3 in the short term in the same houses. Also, in the long term, in control houses 1, 3 and 4, the radon level is above the recommended threshold interval. For the short term, these are houses 1, 3, 4 and 17 respectively with 110 Bq/m3, 142 Bq/m3, 208 Bq/m3 and 105 Bq/m3. As for the long-term and short-term effective doses, only houses 1, 3, 4, 17 and 24 have values between 3 - 10 Sv/year. The estimation of the relative risk of lung cancer gives values relatively close to unity and between 1.006 and 1.142 with an average of 1.035 and that of the Number of Lung Cancer Cases per million inhabitants gives va

关键词： Radon Absorbed Dose Annual Effective Dose Cancer Risk

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Morbidity and Mortality Related to Infectious Diseases in the Roi Boudouin Paediatric Ward in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 727-737页

作者： Guillaye Diagne Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo Djeneba Fafa cissé Sidy Lamine Mbaye Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf Fatou Ly Pediatrics Ward of Pikine Hospital Pikine Sngal Pediatrics Ward of Roi Boudouin Hospital Dakar Sngal

Introduction: Infant and child morbidity and mortality linked to infections remain a major concern in both developed and developing countries. The general objective was to determine the characteristics of hospital morbidity and mortality linked to infectious pathologies in the pediatric department of the King Baudouin hospital center in Dakar. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study focusing on children hospitalized from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 in the pediatric department of the King Baudouin hospital center in Dakar. Results: During the study period, 1474 children were hospitalized for an infectious pathology in the pediatric department. The sex ratio was 1.48. Children aged between one and twelve months represented 34.12%. Morbidity due to respiratory and digestive infections was 42.33% and 33.45%, respectively. Pediatric hospital mortality was 0.75% with a predominance noted in infants between 1 and 12 months (55.86%). Respiratory, digestive infections, sepsis and neurological infections were the main causes of death. Factors associated with mortality were age (1 to 12 months) with p Conclusion: Reducing infant and child mortality linked to infectious diseases remains a crucial challenge to address for improving children’s health. Early detection of related signs, prevention of infections, and adequate care and monitoring of infants and children can contribute to this reduction.

关键词： Morbidity Mortality Infections Children

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Management of Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia (AML) Treated with Intensive Chemotherapy: Experience in a Single Centre

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 401-411页

作者： Abdoul Karim Doumbia Hawa Konaré Tati Simaga Pierre Togo Oumoulkairi Nana Kouma Hawa Gouro Diall Oumar Coulibaly Adama Dembélé Mohamed Elmouloud cissé Karamoko Sacko Belco Maiga Aminata Doumbia Kalirou Traoré Ibrahima cissé Boury Traoré Abdoul Aziz Diakité Fousseyni Traoré Boubacar Togo Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introduction: Acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) is a haematological malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite significant therapeutic progress. This study presents the results of AML management in Mali according to GFAOP recommendations. Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. It included patients aged 0 - 15 years treated in the paediatric oncology unit for AML and followed up between January 2016 and December 2020. Results: During the study period, 85 cases of acute leukaemia were diagnosed in the paediatric oncology unit (including 51 cases of ALL), of which 34 cases of AML were included in this study. The majority were boys (59%). The mean age was 8 years, with extremes of 18 months and 15 years. The mean time to diagnosis was 68 days. In 79% of cases, patients were referred by 1st or 2nd level hospitals. Anaemia was observed in 91% of cases, an infectious syndrome in 68%, haemorrhage in 56% and a tumour syndrome in 85%. The haemogram showed hyperleukocytosis in 15% of cases, thrombocytosis in 22% and severe anaemia in 73%. Death occurred in 85% of cases, most often in the context of sepsis or haemorrhage. Conclusion: AML is probably underestimated in Mali and diagnosis delayed, which may be explained by patient-related factors (lack of knowledge, financial constraints) and a cumbersome referral system. These results suggest the need to implement an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, with strong involvement of the political authorities.

关键词： Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia Children Mali

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Comparative Study of Transvesical and Retropubic Prostatic Adenomectomies in the Urology-Andrology Department of Ignace Deen University Hospital Center

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第4期14卷 227-243页

作者： Lahoumbo Ricardo Gnammi Demba cissé Vahina Alexandre Gamamou Daouda Kanté Mamadou Diawo Bah El-Mouksitou Akinocho Sabi Couscous Hassiatou abdul-Haqq Bah-L’Imam Thierno Oumar Diallo Thierno Mamadou Oury Diallo Ibrahima Bah Abdoulaye Bobo Diallo Oumar Raphiou Bah Department of Urology-Andrology Ignace Deen UHC Conakry Republic of Guinea School of Public Health Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium Medical Imaging Department Ambroise Pare Clinic Conakry Guinea

Objective: To compare the results of transvesical and retropubic prostatic adenomectomies at the Urology-Andrology Department of Conakry University Hospital. Methodology: This was a prospective multi-operator analytical study lasting 6 months. It included 70 patients operated on for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), divided into 2 groups of 35 according to the retropubic or transvesical technique. The data was collected using a questionnaire and entered into the Epi info application. The analysis was initially descriptive and then univariate. To identify confounding factors, a multivariate analysis was performed. The application conditions of each test were checked before their application. A p-value Results: Upper adenomectomies represented 53.6% of surgeries performed for BPH. The average age was 73.2 years. The mean prostate volume was 117 ± 51.6 cc and the mean total PSA was 9.2 ± 11.4 ng/ml. The majority of patients had an ASA1 (60%) and ASA2 (37.1%) score. Spinal anesthesia, a double-current silicone probe with hinged hinge 22, and drainage of the prevesical space were carried out in all patients, i.e. 100%. The average overall blood loss was 229 ± 98.2 ml. It was lower in the group of patients operated via the retropubic route (187 ± 60.4 ml). The same was true for the duration of intervention (49.1 ± 7.17 vs 55.4 ± 7.9 min), the catheter wearing time (5.14 ± 0.97 vs 9.29 ± 2 .9 days) and the length of hospitalization (=6.26 ± 1.15 vs 12.1 ± 5.74 days). Conclusion: The retropubic technique has advantages over the transvesical one. These advantages are translated by a gain in the duration of the intervention, blood loss, catheter wearing time and length of hospitalization.

关键词： Upper Adenomectomies BPH Retropubic Approach Transvesical Approach Conakry

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Sweetener and Flavor Enhancer Food Additives in Industrial Food Products Marketed in Dakar: Frequency and Diversity

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 101-117页

作者： Alé Kane Alioune Sow Ndèye Adiara Ndiaye Coumba Gueye Sagna Papa Amadou Diakhaté Mady cissé Amadou Diop Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires|UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de chimie analytique et bromatologie UCAD Dakar Senegal

Sweeteners and flavor enhancers are food additives widely used in industry, respectively, to add sweetness and flavor to foods. However, the presence of these substances is often criticized by consumers for their effects on health. What’s more, some scientific studies link these substances to certain pathologies. To guarantee food safety, competent authorities should have food standards based on risk analysis using consistent, reliable data. However, in developing countries, such data is often weak or non-existent. The aim of this study is therefore to carry out a pilot survey to establish the profile of sweeteners and flavour enhancers present in industrial food products marketed in Senegal. The methodology consisted of sampling various food products sold on the Senegalese market, based on analysis of labels containing information on ingredients, including additives. The investigation involved nine stores, one supermarket and 5 mini-markets in Dakar. The results showed the presence of 6 taste enhancers in food products, the most frequent being sodium L-monoglutamate (E621), inosinate (E631) and disodium guanylate (E627). Solid broths are the foodstuffs with the highest number of taste exhalters. As for sweeteners, 12 substances were identified, the most frequent being acesulfame potassium (E950), aspartame (E951), sucralose (E955) and saccharin (E954). Given the potential health risks associated with the consumption of these food additives, their control and monitoring on the market should be a priority for the competent authorities.

关键词： Exhalter Sugar Acesulfame Potassium Sodium Monoglutame Artificial Health Risk

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