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Non-Infectious Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Senegal

Open Journal of Nephrology 2020年第1期10卷 43-49页

作者： Ahmed Tall Lemrabott Maria Faye Moustapha Faye abdoul hassane sanlé traoré Mouhamadou Moustapha Cissé Khodia Fall Yaya Kane Zeinabou Maiga Moussa Tondi Mansour Mbengue Bacary Ba Niakhalee Keita Seynabou Diagne Abdou Niang Boucar Diouf El Hadji Fary Ka Department of Nephrology Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Nephrology Thies University Thies Senegal Internal Medicine and Nephrology Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal Department of Nephrology and Haemodialysis Faculty of Sciences and Health of the Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger

Introduction: Senegal has pioneered the implementation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in West Africa, practicing it since 2004. Non-infectious complications are a significant cause of failure of this technique and the transfer of patients to haemodialysis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the different types of non-infectious complications in our context. Patients and Methods: This was a 5-year, descriptive, retrospective study of patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis for more than 3 months. Results: During the study period, 75 patients were included. The prevalence of non-infectious complications was 88%, including 45.3% mechanical complications and 76% metabolic complications. Catheter migration was the most common mechanical complication (55.9%), followed by catheter blockage (23.5%). Metabolic complications were dominated by hypoalbuminemia (76.3%). Dyslipidaemia and hypokalaemia affected more than 50% of patients, occurring in 59.3% and 56.9% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, non-infectious complications related to PD were frequent and varied. They remain a significant cause of technical failure. Mechanical complications are often the cause of permanent transfer to haemodialysis.

关键词： Peritoneal Dialysis Non-Infectious Complications Catheter Migration Hypoalbuminemia Hypokalaemia

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Local Criteria Used by Farmers to Evaluate the Agronomic Performance and the Fertilizing Capacity of Cowpea Varieties: Diversity, Variability and Proximal Relation with Agronomic Measurements in Contrasted Sahelian Locations

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 114-131页

作者： Nouhou Salifou Jangorzo abdoul-Aziz Saïdou Abou-Soufianou Sadda abdoulaye Moussa Mamoudou hassane Bil-Assanou Issoufou Département des Sciences du Sol et Télédétection Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger. Unité Mixte de Recherche “Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes” (UMR DAP) Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger Centre Imaan de Support en Recherche Transdisciplinaire (Imaan Research) Niamey Niger Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Niamey Niger Université Boubacar BA de Tillabéri Tillabéri Niger Département des Sciences et Techniques de Productions Végétales Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger

When contributing to participatory research, farmers usually appreciate the performance of cowpea varieties using qualitative scores. The score they attribute to each variety are based on local knowledge. The specific criteria they individually use to attribute a score are not well described. The objectives of this work were to: 1) identify and describe exhaustively the local criteria used by farmers to measure the agronomic performance of cowpea;2) assess the variability and statistical structure of these farmer criteria across local contexts;3) and analyze the association between these farmer criteria and the classical agronomic measurement. To achieve these objectives, an augmented block design was implemented across fifteen locations in the regions of Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri, representing a diversity of local contexts. From a set of 36 cowpea varieties, fifteen varieties were sown per location, including five varieties (controls) common to all locations. In each location, two replicates were sown in randomized Fisher’s blocks. After agronomic measurement and participatory evaluation (scoring of varieties by farmers), a group survey (focus group) was conducted in each location to identify the criteria considered by farmers to found their discretional scoring of varieties during the participatory evaluation. The analysis of the data identified, across locations, thirteen criteria defined by farmers to characterize the agronomic performance of cowpea. Some of these criteria were different according to location. Farmers ranked the three varieties with the best performance for each agronomical trait (Top 3 varieties). A comparison of the farmer ranking with the ranking based on agronomic measurements revealed similarity and complementary between both methods. This study highlighted the importance of considering both local and scientific knowledge in local varietal evaluations.

关键词： Agronomic Performance Participatory Research Cowpea Farmers’ Criteria

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Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 270-301页

作者： Nouhou Salifou Jangorzo Maud Loireau Abou-Souﬁanou Sadda Ousmane Sami Mari abdoul-Aziz Saïdou hassane Bil-Assanou Issoufou Département des Sciences du Sol et Télédétection Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi UMR DAP Maradi Niger Unité mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR DAP) Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR Espace-DEV Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) Perpignan France Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Représentation Niamey Niger Centre Imaan de Support en Recherche Transdisciplinaire UMR DAP/UDDM Niamey Niger Département des Sciences et Techniques de Productions Végétales Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi UMR DAP Maradi Niger

Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development.

关键词： Niger Option by Context Local Condition Complex System Multiscale Conceptual Modeling

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Video Watermark Embedding in P-Frames for H.264

Video Watermark Embedding in P-Frames for H.264

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作者： ISSAKA hassane abdoul AZIZ 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

本文共阐述了两种基于H.264压缩域的视频水印算法,第一种算法是基于I帧量化后DCT残差的水印算法。第二种算法是基于P帧的水印算入算法。因为水印嵌入P帧,会明显的增加视频码率,为了控制码率的增加,本文提出了仅在P帧的量化残差的非零系... 详细信息

本文共阐述了两种基于H.264压缩域的视频水印算法,第一种算法是基于I帧量化后DCT残差的水印算法。第二种算法是基于P帧的水印算入算法。因为水印嵌入P帧,会明显的增加视频码率,为了控制码率的增加,本文提出了仅在P帧的量化残差的非零系数中嵌入水印的算法。进一步,为了说明水印嵌入算法,本文还设计了一般的水印嵌入框。作者发现P帧中嵌入水印并不影响视频压缩比的独特性能。同时基于P帧的水印算法具有简单并且水印可以完整的提取的性质。与原始视频,水印具有较好的透明性。但是水印算法本身也应当保证视频质量。为以验证水印的鲁棒性,本文算法进行了一系列的仿真实验。仿真结果表明:1量化后的非零系数多少与图像运动的剧烈程序有关。2与以前基于P帧和I帧的水印嵌入算法相比,本文的算法保证了水印嵌入后视频码率增大较小。

关键词： watermark 视频水印算法原始视频 frames embedding 视频码率视频质量 visibility 压缩域 artifacts

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Contribution to the Mathematical Modeling of COVID-19 in Niger

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Applied Mathematics 2020年第6期11卷 427-435页

作者： Badjo Kimba abdoul Wahid Djibo Moustapha hassane Ganda Rabi Saley Bisso Department of Exact and Applied Sciences Dosso Unversity Dosso Niger Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Abdou Moumouni Unversity Niamey Niger

We are interested in this paper in the modeling and analysis of the disease of COVID-19 applied to the capital of Niger: Niamey. The model we are presenting takes into account the strategy that the country has adopted to fight this pandemic. The spread of the infectious agent within the population is a dynamic phenomenon: the number of the healthy and sick individuals changes over time, depending on the contacts during which the pathogen passes from an infected individual to a healthy individual. We model this propagation phenomenon by a set of differential systems equations and determine its behavior through a numerical resolution.

关键词： Covid-19 Epidemiology Differential Equations Operators Numerical Analysis Matlab

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