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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第3期2卷 235-242页

作者： Aziez Chettoum Hacène Frih Redha Djenidi Bachir Ali Rachedi abdelkrim tahraoui Laboratory of Applied Neuro-Endocrinology Badji Mokhtar University Annaba Algeria

The main objective of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between smoking and depression/ anxiety, and specially the direction of this relationship, in order to analyze the link between the degree of dependence to nicotine, and the anxio-depressive levels, according to HADS test and the Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence. Our study included 647 smokers and 400 non-smoking male. To facilitate this study, we distributed questionnaires to several private GP surgeries, to be completed by patients. In this study, we found that there is a close relationship between the level of nicotine addiction, anxiety levels and the emergence of depressive disorders. A highly depressive state implies a very strong addiction to tobacco;a high percentage of subjects showed little or no tobacco dependence. When anxiety appears (even when non-significant) dependence increases from medium to high, and very high, whereas in the absence of depression, 80% to 90% of patients show no tobacco addiction. The addiction to tobacco increases at the beginning of depression and reach her maximum in depressed patients. Thus, the anxiolytic effect of nicotine becomes an anxiogenic effect in anxious subjects, when subjects move from non-dependence to medium and very strong addiction.

关键词： Nicotine Tobacco Addiction Fagerstrom Test HADS Test Depression Anxiety

Attenuation of Rayleigh Surface Waves in a Porous Material

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第4期29卷 123-125页

作者： DEBBOUB Salima BOUMAIZA Youcef BOUDOUR Amar tahraoui Tarek Laboratory of Materials Elaboration and Analysis Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesUniversity of AnnabaP.O.BOX 1223000 AnnabaAlgeria

Using acoustic microscopy at higher frequency,we show the velocity evolutions of surface acoustic waves,in particular Rayleigh waves that depend on porosity for a mesoporous silicon *** velocities are obtained from different V(z) curves,which are determined experimentally at a frequency of *** analysis of V(z) data yields attenuation that is directly dependent on *** the other hand,αN attenuation has been modeled and allows us to investigate its influence on the velocity VR of the propagation for Rayleigh waves.

关键词： layer porosity Porous

Diameter evolution of selective area grown Ga-assisted GaAs nanowires

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2885-2893页

作者： Hanno Kupers Ryan B. Lewis Abbes tahraoui Mathias Matalla Olaf Kruger Faebian Bastiman Henning Riechert Lutz Geelhaar Paul-Drude-Institut fur Festkorperelektronik Hausvogteiplatz 5-7 10117 Berlin Germany Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Leibniz-Institut fur Hochstfrequenztechnik Gustav-Kirchhoff-Strasse 4 12489 Berlin Germany

Tapering of vapour-liquid-solid （VLS） grown nanowires （NWs） is a widespread phenomenon resulting from dynamics of the liquid droplet during growth and direct vapour-solid （VS） growth on the sidewall. To investigate both effects in a highly controlled wa35 we developed a novel two-step growth approach for the selective area growth （SAG） of GaAs nanowires （NWs） by molecular beam epitaxy. In this growth approach optimum growth parameters are provided for the nucleation of NWs in a first step and for the shape variation during elongation in a second step, allowing NWs with a thin diameter （45 nrn） and an untapered morphology to be realized with high vertical yield. We quantify the flux dependence of radial VS growth and build a model that takes into account diffusion on the NW sidewalls to explain the observed VS growth rates. As our model is consistent with axial VLS growth we can combine it with an existing model for the diameter variation due to the droplet dynamics at the NW top. Thereby, we achieve full understanding of the diameter of NWs over their entire length and the evolution of the diameter and tapering during growth. We conclude that only the combination of droplet dynamics and VS growth results in an untapered morphology. This result enables NW shape engineering and has important implications for doping of NWs.

关键词： GaAs molecular beam epitaxy semiconductor growth model nanowire tapering

Optimizing Sustainability:Exergoenvironmental Analysis of a Multi-Effect Distillation with Thermal Vapor Compression System for Seawater Desalination

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2024年第2期22卷 455-473页

作者： Zineb Fergani Zakaria Triki Rabah Menasri Hichem tahraoui Meriem Zamouche Mohammed Kebir Jie Zhang Abdeltif Amrane Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena University of MedeaMedea26000Algeria Laboratory of Chemical Process Engineering University of Ferhat AbbasSetif19000Algeria Department of Environmental Engineering/Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Médicament et le Développement Durable(ReMeDD) University of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3El Khroub25012Algeria Research Unit on Analysis and Technological Development in Environment(URADTE-CRAPC) Bou-Ismail TipazaBP 384Algeria School of Engineering Merz CourtNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesCNRSISCR–UMR6226RennesF-35000France

Seawater desalination stands as an increasingly indispensable solution to address global water scarcity *** study conducts a thorough exergoenvironmental analysis of a multi-effect distillation with thermal vapor compression(MED-TVC)system,a highly promising desalination *** MED-TVC system presents an energy-efficient approach to desalination by harnessing waste heat sources and incorporating thermal vapor *** primary objective of this research is to assess the system’s thermodynamic efficiency and environmental impact,considering both energy and exergy *** investigation delves into the intricacies of energy and exergy losses within the MED-TVC process,providing a holistic understanding of its *** scrutinizing the distribution and sources of exergy destruction,the study identifies specific areas for enhancement in the system’s design and operation,thereby elevating its overall ***,the exergoenvironmental analysis quantifies the environmental impact,offering vital insights into the sustainability of seawater desalination *** results underscore the significance of every component in the MED-TVC system for its exergoenvironmental ***,the thermal vapor compressor emerges as pivotal due to its direct impact on energy efficiency,exergy losses,and the environmental footprint of the ***,optimizing this particular component becomes imperative for achieving a more sustainable and efficient desalination system.

关键词： Exergoenvironmental analysis MED-TVC desalination environmental impact of freshwater multi-objective optimization

Enhancing Hygrothermal Performance in Multi-Zone Constructions through Phase Change Material Integration

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2024年第3期22卷 769-789页

作者： Abir Abboud Zakaria Triki Rachid Djeffal Sidi Mohammed El Amine Bekkouche Hichem tahraoui Abdeltif Amrane Aymen Amin Assadi Lotfi Khozami Jie Zhang Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena University of MedeaMedea26000Algeria Unitéde Recherche Appliquée en Energies Renouvelables(URAER)Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables(CDER) Ghardaia47133Algeria Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques Department of Process EngineeringUniversity of Ferhat AbbasSetif19000Algeria Universitéde Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesCNRSISCR-UMR6226Rennes35000France College of Engineering Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia School of Engineering Merz CourtNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK

As buildings evolve to meet the challenges of energy efficiency and indoor comfort,phase change materials(PCM)emerge as a promising solution due to their ability to store and release latent *** paper explores the transformative impact of incorporating PCMon the hygrothermal dynamics of multi-zone *** study focuses on analyzing heat transfer,particularly through thermal conduction,in a wall containing PCM.A novel approach was proposed,wherein the studied system(sensitive balance)interacts directly with a latent balance to realistically define the behavior of specific humidity and mass flow *** addition,a numerical model implemented in MATLAB software has been developed to investigate the effect of integrating PCM on the hygrothermal balances inside the *** obtained results indicate a consistent response in internal temperatures,specific humidity,and mass flow rates,with temperature differences ranging from 5℃to 13℃and a maximum phase shift of 13 *** addition,the findings provided valuable insights into optimizing the design and performance of multi-zone constructions,offering a sustainable pathway for enhancing building resilience and occupant well-being.

关键词： Multi-zone constructions phase changematerial hygrothermal balances heat transfer thermal conduction energy efficiency

阿尔及利亚总进口需求（1970-2010年）：恩格尔格兰杰协整检验

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阿尔及利亚总进口需求（1970-2010年）：恩格尔格兰杰协整检验

作者： tahraoui Khedidja（卡迪佳）上海大学

学位级别：硕士

研究目的本文的主要目的为，采用E-G恩格尔-格兰杰检验，确定阿尔及利亚总进口需求及其决定因素之间长期关系的存在性，实际收入以及相对进口价格。方法论本研究旨在使用协整关系以及两种误差校正技术来评估阿尔及利亚长短期进口需求弹... 详细信息

研究目的本文的主要目的为，采用E-G恩格尔-格兰杰检验，确定阿尔及利亚总进口需求及其决定因素之间长期关系的存在性，实际收入以及相对进口价格。方法论本研究旨在使用协整关系以及两种误差校正技术来评估阿尔及利亚长短期进口需求弹性。进口需求函数估值在国际贸易文献中得到广泛关注，与传统进口需求参数相比，最终需求变量（实际国内生产总值）进一步分解为民间消费，政府消费，出口物品支出以及国内总投资。其他决定因素为相对价格和外汇。本研究以阿尔及利亚为例，采用协整方法，检验进口决定因素。采用由约翰逊(1988,1991)和约翰逊-约瑟里斯(1990,1992and1994)研发的协整检验，调查阿尔及利亚进口总量以及支出总量主要宏观经济部分（GDP总支出）的长期关系，相对进口价格以及外汇汇率。研究结果进口需求和实际收入，总准备金之间呈正相关关系。另一方面，进口需求，进口相对价格和国内价格和政府消费长短期内呈负相关关系。1.简介本文试图分析阿尔及利亚进口总需求。采用了误差校正（恩格尔-格兰杰误差校正模型）协整分析，对适合阿尔及利亚数据的表现作对比分析。协整分析的概念在恩格尔和格兰杰完成论文(1987)后，由格兰杰(1981)定义，是现代系列计量经济学的基石。虽然萨根（1964）以及戴维逊、亨利、熙巴和伊欧（1978）曾隐晦的采用过，本文旨在通过时间序列的几个简单例子，探讨如何通过采用协整分析解决简单的经济问题。恩格尔-格兰杰（1987）（EG）基于残差的检验，(1990)约翰逊(JJ)检验最大相似估值多变量，由误差校正模型（ECM）进行短期关系评估，以考察阿尔及利亚进口需求的动态行为。本文的研究结果有助于拟定阿尔及利亚的国际贸易政策。经验结果表明进口总量倾向于收入弹性及价格弹性，此外，结果证明恩格尔—格兰杰检验方法事后预测误差最小，优于其他数模。1.1.问题陈述本文旨在对阿尔及利亚进口需求协整时间序列进行分析，讨论与之相关的一个非常简单的经济问题，协整关系如何能有所帮助？提供了存在该现象的数学及统计模型。1.2.研究假设如果两个非平稳时间序列趋向同时移动，他们将形成协整关系。但是他们的差异为静止差异，并在时间序列有关文献的晦涩术语中，记为每个序列的“一级整合”I (1)。如果这两个非平稳时间序列同时移动，则认为他们协整。经济学理论认为他们应当通过套利关联，但这并非万无一失，所以我们进行统计检验。检验过程非常简单。用最小二乘法回归一个一级整合变量到另一个一级整合变量上，然后采用增广迪克富勒（ADF）单位根检验法，检验非平稳残差。如果序列协整，则单位根检验统计量在统计学上意义重大。虚无假设认为，残差非平稳。与此相反则残差平稳，序列协整。1.3.研究结构本文结构如下;第二章为计量模型及其理论基础，第三章详细探讨分析协整中使用的计量经济学规程，第四章给出实证结果，第五章总结评价研究结果。1.4.文献综述杜塔和艾哈迈德（1999）抽取1974至1994年间的季度数据，通过恩格尔-格兰杰检测法（1987）以及约翰逊的多变量统计对孟加拉国的总进口需求函数估值。研究发现，孟加拉国的总进口需求及其决定因素，实际进口价格，实际国内生产总值(GDP)以及实际外汇储备协整。按照恩格尔-格兰杰检测法（1987）得出的解释变量的长期弹性预计为–0.52（对比相对价格），1.63(对比实际GDP)，–0.10（对比实际外汇储备，但是10%不显著）。名义变量曾被引入以反映自由化政策，但是最终该概念被认为无足轻重。阿夫扎尔（2001）抽取1960至1999年间的年度数据，通过OLS和TSLS方法对巴基斯坦的进口总需求函数进行了估值。他的研究结果显示价格协同和收入协同符合预期，但是价格协同不显著。唐和奈尔（2002）通过边界检验法(Pesaran et al.,1996)，再次研究了马来西亚的总进口需求行为。唐和阿里阿斯（2000）使用1970-1998年间的年度数据进行研究，边界检验结果显示进口量，实际收入和相对价格三者协整。预期收入及价格弹性估值分别为1.5和-1.3。弹性估值参数与唐和阿里阿斯（2000）的参数一致。但是，唐和阿里阿斯（2000）基于不显著的误差校正(see Kremers et al.,1992)发现进口量，实际收入和相对价格并不协整。辛哈（1997）通过约翰逊的多变量规程研究发现了1953-1990年间泰国进口总需求函数中的一个与共整合载体。研究显示，泰国的总进口需求为价格刚性（-0.77)，交叉价格刚性(0.3)，然而收入高度弹性(2.15)。瑞吉儿，柯夏尔和荣格（2000）抽取1968-1997年间的年度序列数据，通过单位根检验法以及JJ检验多变量协整分析，对尼泊尔的进口总需求函数进行

关键词：总进口需求单位根协整恩格尔—格兰杰

Exergy Analysis of a Solar Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using R1234ze(E)as an Environmentally Friendly Replacement of R134a

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2024年第4期22卷 1107-1128页

作者： Zakaria Triki Ahmed Selloum Younes Chiba Hichem tahraoui Dorsaf Mansour Abdeltif Amrane Meriem Zamouche Mohammed Kebir Jie Zhang Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena University of MedeaMedea26000Algeria Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques Department of Process EngineeringUniversity of Ferhat AbbasSetif19000Algeria Chemistry Department College of SciencesUniversity of HailHail55223Saudi Arabia Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesCNRSISCR–UMR6226RennesF-35000France Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Médicament et le Développement Durable(ReMeDD) Faculty of Process EngineeringUniversity of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3Constantine25000Algeria Research Unit on Analysis and Technological Development in Environment(UR-ADTE/CRAPC) Bou-IsmailTipaza42004Algeria School of Engineering Merz CourtNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK

Refrigeration plays a significant role across various aspects of human life and consumes substantial amounts of electrical *** rapid advancement of green cooling technology presents numerous solar-powered refrigeration systems as viable alternatives to traditional refrigeration *** analysis is a key in identifying actual thermodynamic losses and improving the environmental and economic efficiency of refrigeration *** this study exergy analyze has been conducted for a solar-powered vapor compression refrigeration(SP-VCR)system in the region of Gharda颽(Southern Algeria)utilizing R1234ze(E)fluid as an eco-friendly substitute for R134a refrigerant.A MATLAB-based numerical model was developed to evaluate losses in different system components and the exergy efficiency of the SP-VCR ***,a parametric study was carriedout to analyze the impact of various operating conditions on the system’s exergy destruction and *** obtained results revealed that,for both refrigerants,the compressor exhibited the highest exergy destruction,followed by the condenser,expansion valve,and ***,the system using R1234ze(E)demonstrated lower irreversibility compared to that using R134a *** improvements made with R1234ze are 71.95%for the compressor,39.13%for the condenser,15.38%for the expansion valve,5%for the evaporator,and 54.76%for the overall system,which confirm the potential of R1234ze(E)as a promising alternative to R134a for cooling applications.

关键词： Solar cooling vapor compression refrigeration eco-friendly refrigerant thermodynamic losses exergy analysis