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Geochemical characterization of the salinity of irrigated soils in arid regions(Biskra, SE Algeria)

Acta Geochimica 2021年第2期40卷 234-250页

作者： Mohamed Amine Abdennour Abdelkader Douaoui Jesus Barrena Manuel Pulido abdelhamid bradai Amel Bennacer Chiara Piccini Alberto Alfonso-Torreno Laboratory of Ecosystem Diversity and Agricultural Production System Dynamics in Arid Zones(DEDSPAZA) Mohamed Khider University07000 BiskraAlgeria Laboratory of Crop Production and Sustainable Valorization of Natural Resources Djilali Bounaama University44225 Khemis MilianaAlgeria GeoEnvironmental Research Group University of Extremadura10071 CaceresSpain Laboratory of Water and Environment Hassiba Ben Bouali University02180 ChiefAlgeria Laboratory of Valorization and Conservation of Biological Resources Faculty of SciencesMohamed Bougara University35000 BoumerdesAlgeria Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment Council for Agricultural Research and EconomicsVia della Navicella 2-400184 RomeItaly

The agriculture in Biskra,southeastern Algeria,is based on traditional practices and characterized by small irrigated *** the last decades,the increasing demand in water as well as the scarcity of rainfall has forced many farmers to use groundwater of low quality to maintain the profitability of their ***,this practice seems to be the main harmful factor for soil quality in the region since it is responsible for the salinization of the irrigated *** to assess the impact of this phenomenon,the soils of the irrigated perimeter of El Ghrous-a representative rural community located in the west of Biskra-have been analyzed.A set of 82 soil samples was collected from top and subsoil(0-15 and15-35 cm respectively),on which the following physicochemical analyzes were performed:Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),K^(+),Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),HCO_(3)^(-),NO_(3)^(-),pH,electrical conductivity(EC)and sodium adsorption ratio.A Principal Component Analysis was performed to individuate the geochemical processes that influenced significantly the evolution of soil salinity and its *** results showed a calcium sulfate(CaSO_(4))facies with a high risk of salinity and a low to medium risk of *** calcite residual alkalinity and generalized residual alkalinity decreased as the solutions became more *** of the samples were oversaturated in carbonate minerals(aragonite,calcite,and dolomite)and under saturated in evaporitic minerals(anhydrite,gypsum,and halite).Finally,two multiple linear regressions(using cations and anions as independent variables)have been proposed to quantify soil *** equations,with an accuracy of 85%,can represent a time and money-saving tool for managers and farmers to estimate the EC,in comparison to the traditional estimation methods.

关键词： Electrical conductivity Cations Anions Soil quality Saturation index PHREEQC

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Some Problems of Irrigation Water Management in Lower Cheliff Plain （Algeria）

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第3期1卷 271-278页

作者： abdelhamid bradai Abdelkader Douaoui Tarik Hartani Water and Environment Laboratory Agricultural Sciences Institute Chlef University Chief02000 Algeria Agricultural Production and Durable Safeguarding of the Natural Resource Laboratory Earth Sciences Institute Khemis MilianaUniversity Khemis Miliana 44225 Algeria National School of Agronomic Sciences （ENSA） El Herrach 16200 Algiers Algeria

In the Lower Cheliff Plain （northwestern of Algeria）, the waters resources are limited; the adoption of a rational approach in the management of irrigation water in the irrigated perimeter poses an inequality in the balance between supply and demand. The two surface water resources, Gargar and Merdjet Sidi Abed dams, do not satisfy the requirements of agriculture water. According to the National Office of the Irrigation and Drainage data, the quantity of allocated water is never distributed; the difference between allocated water and drop water can also exceed 20%, and then, another problem of management is that the water losses in the distribution can reach 20% again. The shortage irrigation water resource allocated has constrained the farmers to use groundwater. The chemical analysis of 56 simples to this water showed a significant chemical diversity in the compositions. There is a high salinity risk （C3 class） or very high risk （C4 class） of soil salinisation. A space chart distribution to the EC water probability to exceed 2.25 dS/m interpolated by the indicator kriging method showed that 78% of the groundwater surface presents a significant probability to exceed this limit. The average value of the SAR （sodium adsorption ratio） is lower than 10 that indicates a moderate risk of sodisation. This observation is in contradiction with the high values of the SAR measured in the soil solution. The approach of residual alkalinity （RSC） shows that a good number of drillings analyzed presents a positive sign RSC （RSC 〉 0）. This water presents a real danger of sodisation. They have a low salinity, which, for a farmer, does not present any danger.

关键词： Management water irrigation groundwater water quality.

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Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and tribological properties of flame spraying Fe–Ni–Al alloy coating

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Journal of Central South University 2018年第3期25卷 473-481页

作者： Youcef Mouadji Mohand Amokrane bradai Rassim Younes abdelhamid Sad-eddine Abderrahim Benabbas National Polytechnic School of Constantine Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Constantine Laboratory of Mechanics Materials and Energetic Faculty of Technology University of Bejaia Laboratory Processes for Materials Energy Water and Environment Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Bouira

The Fe-based coatings in powder form were deposited on a steel type E335 by flame spraying *** effects of the post heat treatment on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of sprayed coatings were *** heat treatment was conducted in a furnace in air at 623 K,823 K and 1023 K for 1 h and then cooled in *** results showed that with the increase of annealing temperature,the microstructure of coating treated at 823 K and 1023 K had several changes as follows:the reduction of porosity,formation of carbides and *** was found that the solid solution FCC(Fe,Ni),intermetallic compound AlFe3 and carbides[Fe,C]were the main phases for coatings as-sprayed and treated at 623 K and while iron carbide,molybdenum carbide and oxide as Fe3O4 became the main phases and reinforced the solid solution FCC(Fe,Ni)phase for annealed coatings at 823 ***,it was observed the disappearance of molybdenum carbide and oxide Fe3O4 at 1023 *** coating annealed at 823 K exhibited an excellent wear resistance than the as-sprayed and annealed coatings at 623 K and 1023 K and shows the lower wear rate than another coating treated or as sprayed.

关键词： thermal spray coatings post heat treatment microstructure wear

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Effect of TiO_2 and ZrO_2 reinforcements on properties of Al_2O_3 coatings fabricated by thermal flame spraying

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2016年第5期26卷 1345-1352页

作者： Rassim YOUNES Mohand Amokrane bradai abdelhamid SADEDDINE Youcef MOUADJI Ali BILEK Abderrahim BENABBAS Laboratory of Mechanics Materials and Energetic Faculty of Technology University of Bejaia Laboratory of Mechanics Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Chaabet-ErsasUniversity of Constantine Mechanical Laboratory of Structure and Energetic Mechanical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Tizi-Ouzou Laboratory Processes for Materials Energy Water and Environment Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Bouira

The alumina composite coatings reinforced with 25% ZrO2 （denoted as AZ-25） and 3% TiO2 （denoted as AT-3） were deposited on low carbon steel using a thermal flame spraying. The microstructure, phase composition, microhardness and tribological properties of the coatings were investigated. The XRD results of the coatings reinforced by TiO2 （AT-3） revealed the presence of α-Al2O3 phase as matrix and new metastable phases of α-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3. However, the coatings reinforced by ZrO2 （AZ-25） consist of α-Al2O3 as matrix, q-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2. In most studied conditions, the AT-3 coating displays a better tribological performance, i.e., lower coefficient of frictions and wear rates, than the AZ-25 coating. It was also found that the microhardness of the coatings was decreased with the reinforcement of ZrO2 and increased with TiO2.

关键词： thermal spraying coatings reinforcements friction coefficient wear rate

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