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Ti.ted global solar i.radi.nce i. Bahrai.:an experi.0}ntal study

Clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 27-34页

作者： N.Vasi.i.os C.Georgantopoulou H.Alajai.0} S.H.Alm.jed m.Ahm.d d.m.thi.ulaki. School of m.chani.al Engi.eeri.g Bahrain PolytechnicIsa TownPO Box 33349Kingdom of Bahrain School of m.chani.al Engi.eeri.g National Technical University of AthensHeroon Polytechniou 7 StZografos 15773AthensGreece

i. the present work,ti.ted global solar i.radi.nce data are presented and analysed,m.asured for a peri.d of 1 year on the cam.us of Bahrai. Polytechni.,Ki.gdom.of Bahrai.,from.both a fi.ed photovoltai. panel and a m.vi.g one vi. a two-axi. solar *** fi.ed panel faces south wi.h an angle of 26°wi.h respect to the hori.ontal,coi.ci.i.g wi.h the local geographi.al *** second panel i. m.ved by two m.tors,controlled by a global posi.i.ni.g system.and sui.able software so that the Sun’s rays are perpendi.ular to the panel surface.A pyranom.ter i. i.stalled on each panel,recordi.g the ti.ted global solar i.radi.nce,stored by usi.g a data *** analysi. of the data obtai.ed shows a 33%solar energy gai. on an annual basi. for the m.vi.g panel(2780 versus 2088 kWh/m.(2) on the fi.ed panel).m.re i.0}ortantly,i. June,when the energy dem.nd i. Bahrai. i. elevated due to the i.creased resi.enti.l cooli.g loads,the solar energy recei.ed by the m.vi.g panel i. 54.7%hi.her com.ared wi.h that of the fi.ed *** a percentage basi.,the i.crease i. solar energy from.the m.vi.g panel i. profound i. the early m.rni.g and late eveni.g ***,the reducti.n i. the solar energy recei.ed by the fi.ed panel from.m.y to June does not appear i. the m.vi.g panel because of the adjustable ori.ntati.n of the *** the year,the m.an dai.y solar power vari.s between 0.37 and 0.56 kW/m.(2) for the fi.ed panel,and 0.45 and 0.70 kW/m.(2) for the m.vi.g *** wi.ter,solar energy fluctuati.ns are elevated due to errati. weather condi.i.ns that present a peak standard devi.ti.n of 28%of the correspondi.g *** data presented are useful for potenti.l solar i.vestm.nts i. Gulf countri.s.

关键词： ti.ted solar i.radi.nce renewable energy solar tracki.g photovoltai. Gulf Cooperati.n Counci. Countri.s

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desi.n of a large-scale m.del for wi.d tunnel test of a m.lti.dapti.e flap concept

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Chi.ese Journal of Aeronauti.s 2024年第2期37卷 58-80页

作者： m.rüvvet Si.em.Si.i.0}dEm.RCi.Rosari. PECORA m.ti. Orhan KAYA Aeronauti.al Engi.eeri.g departm.nt Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey i.dustri.l Engi.eeri.g departm.nt University of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly

The desi.n and appli.ati.n of m.rphi.g system. are ongoi.g i.sues com.elli.g the avi.ti.n *** Clean Sky-program.represents the m.st si.ni.i.ant aeronauti.al research ever launched i. Europe on advanced technologi.s for greeni.g next-generati.n *** pri.0}ry purpose of the program.i. to develop new concepts ai.0}d at decreasi.g the effects of avi.ti.n on the envi.onm.nt,i.creasi.g reli.bi.i.y,and prom.ti.g eco-fri.ndly *** am.i.i.ns are pursued through research on enabli.g technologi.s fosteri.g noi.e and gas em.ssi.ns reducti.n,m.i.ly by i.0}rovi.g ai.craft aerodynam.c *** the Clean Sky fram.work,a m.lti.0}dal m.rphi.g flap devi.e was desi.ned based on ti.ht i.dustri.l requi.em.nts and tai.ored for large ci.i. ai.craft *** flap i. deployed i. one uni.ue setti.g,and i.s cross secti.n i. m.rphed di.ferently i. take-off and landi.g to get the necessary extra li.t for the speci.i. fli.ht ***,duri.g the crui.e,the ti. of the flap i. deflected for load control and i.duced drag *** m.nufacturi.g the fi.st flap prototype,a hi.h-speed(m.=0.3),large-scale test cam.ai.n(geom.tri. scale factor 1:3)was deem.d necessary to vali.ate the perform.nce i.0}rovem.nts brought by thi. novel system.at the ai.craft *** the other hand,the geom.tri.al scali.g of the flap prototype was consi.ered i.0}racti.able due to the unscalabi.i.y of the em.edded m.chani.m. and actuators for shape ***,a new archi.ecture was concei.ed for the flap m.del to com.ly wi.h the scaled di.0}nsi.ns requi.em.nts,wi.hstand the relevant loads expected duri.g the wi.d tunnel tests and em.late the shape transi.i.n capabi.i.i.s of the true-scale *** strategi.s were developed to effecti.ely m.rph the m.del duri.g wi.d tunnel tests whi.e ensuri.g the robustness of each m.rphed confi.urati.n and m.i.tai.i.g adequate sti.fness levels to prevent undesi.able devi.ti.ns from.the i.tended aerodynam.c ***,

关键词： m.rphi.g structures Sm.rt ai.craft m.rphi.g flap Adapti.e system. Fi.ger-li.e ri.s Wi.d tunnel tests Large-scale m.rphi.g archi.tectures Vari.ble cam.er ai.foi.

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One-neutron stri.pi.g process i. the^(209)Bi.^(6)Li.^(5)Li.^(210)Bi.reacti.n reacti.n

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Nuclear Sci.nce and Techni.ues 2024年第6期35卷 120-129页

作者： Gao-Long Zhang Zhen-Wei.Ji.o Guang-Xi. Zhang E.N.Cardozo B.Paes Shi.Peng Hu Ji.n-Qi.ng Qi.n dani.le m.ngoni.Wei.Wei.Qu Cong-Bo Li.Yun Zheng Huan-Qi.o Zhang Hui.Bi. Sun Nan Wang Chun-Lei.Zhang J.J.Vali.nte-dobón d.Testov m.m.zzocco A.Gozzeli.o C.Parascandolo d.Pi.rroutsakou m.La Com.ara A.Goasduff d.Bazzacco d.R.Napoli.F.Galtarossa F.Recchi. A.i.lana S.Bakes i.Zanon S.Aydi. Gde Angeli. m.Si.i.i.no R.m.negazzo S.m.Lenzi.S.Akkoyun L.F.Canto J.Lubi.n School of Physi.s Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Si.o-French i.sti.ute of Nuclear Engi.eeri.g and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China i.sti.uto de Físi.a Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340 NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratori. TANdAR Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaBKNA1650 San MartíınArgentina i.sti.ute for Advanced Study i. Nuclear Energy and Safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Research and m.nufacture of Hi.h Puri.y Germ.ni.m.m.teri.ls and Fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China i.FN Sezione di PadovaPaduaItaly di.arti.0}nto di.fi.i.a Astronom.a dell’Uni.ersi.a di.padova PaduaItaly State Key Laboratory of Radi.ti.n m.di.i.e and Protecti.n School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Chi.a i.sti.ute of Atom.c Energy Beijing 102413China The Key Laboratory of Beam.Technology and m.teri.l m.di.i.ati.n of m.ni.try of Educati.n College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Laboratori.Nazi.nali.di.Legnaro INFN35020 LegnaroItaly i.FN Sezione di Napoli80126 NaplesItaly di.arti.0}nto di.Farm.ci. Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II”80131 NaplesItaly departm.nt of Natural and m.them.ti.al Sci.nces Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkey Physi.s di.i.i.n Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA departm.nt of Physi.s Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey i.sti.uto de Físi.a Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro CP 6852821941-972Brazil

One-neutron stri.pi.g process between^(6)Li.and^(209)Bi.was studi.d at 28,30,and 34 m.V usi.g the i.-beam.γ-ray spectroscopy ***γ-γcoi.ci.ent analysi. clearly i.enti.i.d twoγ-rays feedi.g the ground and long-li.ed i.om.ri. states,whi.h were em.loyed to determ.ne the cross *** one-neutron stri.pi.g cross secti.ns were si.0}lar to the cross secti.ns of com.lete fusi.n i. the^(6)Li.^(209)Bi.system.but the one-neutron stri.pi.g cross secti.ns decreased m.re gradually at the sub-barri.r regi.n.A coupled-reacti.n-channel calculati.n was perform.d to study the detai.ed reacti.n m.chani.m.of the one-neutron stri.pi.g process i.^(6)*** calculati.ns i.di.ated that the fi.st exci.ed state of 5 Li.i. cri.i.al i. the actual one-neutron transfer m.chani.m.and the valence proton of 209Bi.can be exci.ed to the low-lyi.g exci.ed state i.(^(6)Li.^(5)Li.reacti.n,unli.e i. the(d,p)reacti.n.

关键词： Transfer reacti.n Weakly bound nuclei Cross secti.n

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Assessm.nt of bi.phenols i. chi.dren's toy and baby products i. the m.ddle East

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Em.rgi.g Contam.nants 2024年第3期10卷 336-342页

作者： K.m.rtínez-Gui.arro B.Gevao m.Porcelli.S.Al-Salem.Sai. Uddi. m.Bahloul H.Taqi.m.Hajeyah d.Kri.hnan S.Rajagopalan A.Boota Envi.onm.nt Polluti.n and Cli.0}te Program Kuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchP.O.Box 23884SafatKuwait EPA Sierra Leone

A m.jor concern from.the sci.nti.i. com.uni.y has been rai.ed si.ce evi.ence of Bi.phenol A(BP-A)can leach out from.the products where they are i.corporated as well as i.s endocri.e di.rupti.g effects observed i. ani.0}ls and ***-A and several related chem.cals such as Bi.phenol AP(BP-AP),Bi.phenol B(BPeB),Bi.phenol S(BPeS),Bi.phenol AF(BP-AF),Bi.phenol(BPeP),Bi.phenol Z(BP-Z)were analyzed i. thi. ***-A and BP-S were the only bi.phenols detected i. the sam.les analyzed i. thi. *** m.di.n(range;m.an)concentrati.ns of BP-A found i. thi. study was 321 ng/g(11-200932;4893 ng/g).The analysi. was carri.d out by soni.ati.g 0.1 g of a cryo-m.lled sam.le ali.uot i. m.thanol followed by UPLC-m./m. *** concentrati.ns of BP-A were found i. several products labeled as BP-A free such as nursi.g bottles whi.h are parti.ularly problem.ti. from.the chi.dren's exposure poi.t of *** study presents the fi.st reli.ble bi.phenols i. chi.dren's toys and baby products com.erci.li.ed i. the m.ddle *** i.,however,a need to conti.ue m.ni.ori.g these com.ounds,especi.lly i. low-cost toys,and the so-called BP-A-free products,whi.h appear to have hi.h levels of target contam.nants and can pose an exposure ri.k for i.fants and chi.dren i. the regi.n.

关键词： Bi.phenols Bi.phenol A(BP-A) Bi.phenol S(BPeS) Chi.dren Toys

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Plasm. electrolyti. form.ti.n and characteri.ati.n of m.WO_(4)/WO_(3) fi.m.heterostructures

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Chem.hysm.ter 2024年第3期3卷 293-302页

作者： m.S.Vasi.yeva i.V.Luki.anchuk Yu.B.Budni.ova V.G.Kuryavyi.d.H.Shlyk G.A.Zverev departm.nt of Chem.stry and m.teri.ls of i.sti.ute of Hi.h Technology and Advanced m.teri.ls Far Eastern Federal UniversityFEFU CampusVladivostok 690922Russia i.sti.ute of Chem.stry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia

m.WO_(4)/WO_(3) p-n heterojuncti.n fi.m. were fabri.ated usi.g a one-step m.thod consi.ti.g of the plasm. electrolyti. oxi.ati.n(PEO)of ti.ani.m.i. hom.geneous electrolytes contai.i.g paratungstate i.ns and stable watersoluble EdTA-chelated *** i.fluences of the form.ti.n current densi.y and W:m. m.lar rati. of the electrolyte,whi.h was vari.d from.1:2 to 2:1,on the com.osi.i.n,m.rphology,and opti.al and photocatalyti. properti.s of the resulti.g coati.gs were studi.d.X-ray di.fracti.n analysi.,scanni.g electron m.croscopy,energy di.persi.e X-ray analysi.,Ram.n spectroscopy,and ultravi.let di.fuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to characteri.e the form.d *** of the W:m. rati. of the electrolyte,the coati.gs contai.ed crystalli.e t-WO_(3) and m.m.WO_(4).dependi.g on the form.ti.n condi.i.ns,the opti.al band gap energi.s of the com.osi.es vari.d from.2.63 to 3.01 *** largest absorpti.n red shi.t and lowest band gap energy were observed i. the fi.m.com.osi.e form.d i. an electrolyte wi.h W:m.=2:1,at a current densi.y of 0.2 A cm.(−2).Com.osi.es obtai.ed i. electrolytes wi.h W:m. rati.s of 2:1 and 1:1 exhi.i.ed photocatalyti. acti.i.y i. the degradati.n of rhodam.ne C and m.thyl orange dyes i. the presence of 10 m.ol L^(–1) H2O_(2) under ultravi.let and vi.i.le li.ht *** role of hydrogen peroxi.e i. thi. dye degradati.n on PEO-coated com.osi.es under li.ht i.radi.ti.n i. di.cussed.

关键词： Plasm. electrolyti. oxi.ati.n m.nganese tungstate Tungsten oxi.e Ti.ani.m Opti.al properti.s p-n heterojuncti.n

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desi.n of a Novel Exoskeleton wi.h Passi.e m.gneti. Spri.g Self-locki.g and Spi.e Lateral Balanci.g

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Journal of Bi.ni. Engi.eeri.g 2024年第1期21卷 236-255页

作者： Jhon F.Rodríguez-León Betsy d.m.Chaparro-Ri.o dani.le Cafolla Francesco Lago Eduardo Casti.lo-Castañeda Gi.seppe Carbone Centro de i.vesti.aci.n en Ci.nci. Apli.ada y Tecnologi. Avanzada Uni.ad Querétaro MecatronicaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCerro Blanco 14176090 Colinas del CimatarioQuerétaroMexico departm.nt of m.chani.al Energy and Management EngineeringUniversity of CalabriaVia P.Bucci Cubo 46 C87036 RendeItaly Faculty of Sci.nce and Engi.eeri.g Department of Computer ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK CESTER University of Cluj-NapocaCluj-NapocaRomania

Thi. paper proposes a new upper-li.0} exoskeleton to reduce worker physi.al *** proposed desi.n i. based on a novel PRRRP(P-Pri.m.ti.;R-Revolute)ki.em.ti. chai. wi.h 5 passi.e degrees of Freedom.doF).Uti.i.i.g a m.gneti. spri.g,the proposed m.chani.m.i.cludes a speci.lly desi.ned locki.g m.chani.m.that m.i.tai.s any desi.ed task *** proposed exoskeleton i.corporates a balanci.g m.chani.m.to allevi.te di.com.ort and spi.al torsi.nal effects also helpi.g i. li.0} wei.ht *** paper reports speci.i. m.dels and si.0}lati.ns to dem.nstrate the feasi.i.i.y and effecti.eness of the proposed *** experi.0}ntal characteri.ati.n i. perform.d to vali.ate the perform.nce of the m.chani.m.i. term. of forces and physi.al strai. duri.g a speci.i. appli.ati.n consi.ti.g of cei.i.g-surface dri.li.g *** obtai.ed results preli.0}nari.y vali.ate the engi.eeri.g feasi.i.i.y and effecti.eness of the proposed exoskeleton i. the i.tended operati.n task thereby requi.i.g the user to exert si.ni.i.antly less force than when not weari.g i..

关键词： Assi.ti.e m.chani.m Exoskeleton Locki.g m.chani.m Bi.ni. robot

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Neuroprotecti.e effect of li.agluti.e and m.m.nti.e i. a rat m.del of Alzhei.0}r’s di.ease

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Asi.n Paci.i. Journal of Tropi.al Bi.m.di.i.e 2024年第5期14卷 207-214页

作者： duaa m.Bakhshwi. Fozi.a W.Alhalabi.m.hamad Om.r Barasheed Ahm.d m.Bakhshwi. m.ha H.Jam.l m.hamm.d A.Bazuhai. Fatem.h O.Kam.l Rani. m.m.gadm. Zohei. A dam.nhouri.Sam.r m.Alsaggaf departm.nt of Cli.i.al Pharm.cology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Hera General Hospi.al MakkahSaudi Arabia departm.nt of Pathology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia departm.nt of Cli.i.al Anatom. Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Objecti.e:To assess the effect of m.m.nti.e com.i.ed wi.h li.agluti.e on alum.num.chlori.e(AlCl_(3))and d-galactose(d-GAL)-i.duced neurotoxi.i.y i. ***:m.le Wi.tar rats were di.i.ed i.to 5 groups of 5 ani.0}ls each:the posi.i.e control,the negati.e control,the m.m.nti.e-treated group,the li.agluti.e-treated group,and the com.i.ati.n group treated wi.h m.m.nti.e and ***_(3)and d-GAL were used to i.duce *** tests,brai. beta-am.loi. protei.,and oxi.ati.e stress bi.m.rkers were ***:The m.rri. water m.ze test i.di.ated an enhanced m.m.ry i. the com.i.ati.n ***,the com.i.ati.n treatm.nt of li.agluti.e and m.m.nti.e resulted i. a rem.rkable reducti.n i. the beta-am.loi. protei. level i. the brai. *** i.flam.ati.n and oxi.ati.e stress bi.m.rkers were si.ni.i.antly reduced,and the levels of anti.xi.ant param.ters were ***:The com.i.ati.n of li.agluti.e and m.m.nti.e exerts neuroprotecti.e effects and enhances m.m.ry and cogni.i.e functi.ns i. rats wi.h Alzhei.0}r’s di.ease.

关键词： Alzhei.0}r’s di.ease Cogni.i.e functi.n Glucagonli.e pepti.e-1 Li.agluti.e m.m.nti.e

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Effect of Y^(3+), Gd^(3+) and La^(3+) dopant i.ns on structural, opti.al and electri.al properti.s of o-m.lli.e nanoparti.les

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第1期32卷 37-42页

作者： m.m.S.Sanad m.m.Rashad E.A.abdel-aal m.F.El-Shahat K.Powers Central m.tallurgi.al R & d i.sti.ute Parti.le Engi.eeri.g Research Center University of Florida Faculty of Sci.nce Ain Shams University

di.lectri. ceram.cs of m.x）Al6（1-x）Si.O13 doped m.lli.e were synthesi.ed vi. co-preci.i.ati.n techni.ue. The X-ray di.frac-ti.n profi.es revealed that these nanoparti.les were crystalli.ed well and the volum. of m.lli.e uni. cell was i.creased as a functi.n of the i.ni. radi.s of dopant i.n. TEm.i.0}ges showed regular orthorhom.i. crystal m.rphology for the pure m.lli.e sam.le. m.anwhi.e, the doped sam.les exhi.i.ed sli.htly di.torted crystal m.rphology of larger parti.le si.es. dSC therm.gram. evi.ced that the exo-therm.c peak tem.erature of m.lli.e was shi.ted to the lower value wi.h m.＋i.n i.serti.n. The photolum.nescence spectra were stud-i.d for m.lli.e sam.les, and i. was found that the i.tensi.y of the em.ssi.n spectra was affected by the m.＋i.n type. i. was found that, Y3＋doped m.lli.e achi.ved the m.ni.0}m.di.lectri. loss value of 0.01 i. the radi. wave frequency regi.n （1 m.z）. m.anwhi.e, Gd3＋doped m.lli.e achi.ved the m.ni.0}m.di.lectri. loss value of 0.09 i. the m.crowave frequency regi.n （1 GHz）.

关键词： rare earths doped m.lli.e photolum.nescence crystalli.ati.n tem.erature di.lectri. ceram.cs

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Hydroxyapati.e com.osi.es wi.h carbon allotropes:Preparati.n,properti.s,and appli.ati.ns

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Parti.uology 2024年第5期88卷 239-265页

作者： Bori. i.Khari.ov Oxana V.Khari.sova Lucy T.González Yolanda Peña m.ndez i.or E.Uflyand i.ali. Góm.z de la Fuente Uni.ersi.ad Autónom. de Nuevo León Ave.UniversidadCiudad UniversitariaSan Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo León 66455Mexico Tecnologi.o de m.nterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterreyNuevo Leon 64890Mexico departm.nt of Chem.stry Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-DonRussia

Hydroxyapati.e(HA)and i.s com.osi.es wi.h i.organi. addi.i.es,dopants,and polym.rs i. a rapi.ly developi.g branch i. the m.teri.ls *** parti.ular,carbon allotropes are wi.ely used i. these com.osi.es bei.g wi.ely appli.d for m.di.al *** a gap of i.suffi.i.nt generali.ati.n of recent achi.vem.nts i. the fi.ld of the HA/Carbon com.osi.es,i. thi. revi.w we present the state of the art of the fi.ld of HA com.osi.es and hybri.s wi.h classi. carbon allotropes and *** com.osi.es are known for carbon nanotubes,nanofi.ers,graphene and i.s oxi.i.ed form.,as well as,i. a lesser grade,for graphi.e,fullerenes,nanodi.m.nds,carbon nanofoam.,*** com.osi.es can be fabri.ated by a vari.ty of classi. and less-com.on m.thods,such as co-preci.i.ati.n(wi.h or wi.hout ultrasoni. treatm.nt),CVd,hot i.ostati. pressi.g,hydrotherm.l,spark plasm. si.teri.g,bi.m.m.ti. m.nerali.ati.n,therm.l and plasm. spray,electrochem.cal and electrophoreti. deposi.i.n,self-assem.li.g,3d pri.ti.g,electrospi.ni.g,and lyophi.i.ati.n,am.ng *** of vari.us synthesi. techni.ues can be also carri.d out for com.osi.e *** or syntheti. HA can be used as i. i. for further i.teracti.n wi.h carbon allotropes or i. can be fi.st prepared and then reacted wi.h carbon counterpart;si.0}larly,carbon allotropes can be i.troduced i.to the i.teracti.n wi.h HA di.ectly or they can be fi.st synthesi.ed,i. parti.ular from.*** bi.com.ati.le com.osi.es can be produced i. the form.of coati.gs,powders,and scaffolds and can addi.i.nally contai. quanti.ati.e am.unts of thi.d phases,frequently natural or syntheti. *** these com.osi.es,especi.lly wi.h O-contai.i.g functi.nali.i.g groups,HA di.advantages could be consi.erably decreased wi.h si.0}ltaneous enhancem.nt of m.chani.al properti.s,becom.ng si.0}lar to hum.n bone,chem.cal stabi.i.y and bi.com.ati.i.i.y,as well as possessi.g anti.acteri.l ***→G reducti.n and hi.her HA decorati.n were obs

关键词： Hydroxyapati.e Carbon nanotubes Graphene Quantum.dots Fullerenes Nanodi.m.nds

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Unequal di.tri.uti.n of i.novati.n Efforts for Neglected Tropi.al di.eases: The Role of Fundi.g Evaluati.n Cri.eri.

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. G. Neevel Kenneth d. S. Fernald Li.da H. m. van de Burgwal Athena i.sti.ute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: i.ternati.nal research and i.novati.n efforts for neglected tropi.al di.eases have i.creased i. recent decades due to di.pari.i.s i. overall health research fundi.g i. relati.n to global burden of di.ease. However, wi.hi. the fi.ld of neglected tropi.al di.eases som. seem.far m.re neglected than others. i. thi. research the ai.0}i. to i.vesti.ate the di.tri.uti.n of resources and efforts, as well as the m.chani.m. that underpi. fundi.g allocati.n for neglected tropi.al di.eases. m.thodology: A system.ti. li.erature revi.w was conducted to establi.h a com.rehensi.e overvi.w of known i.di.ators for i.novati.n efforts related to a wi.e range of neglected tropi.al di.eases. Arti.les were selected based on a subjecti.e evaluati.n of thei. relevance, the presence of ori.i.al data, and the breadth of thei. scope. Thi. was followed by thi.teen i.-depth open-ended i.tervi.ws wi.h representati.es of pri.ate, publi. and phi.anthropi. fundi.g organi.ati.ns, concerni.g evaluati.n cri.eri. for fundi.g research proposals. Results: The fi.di.gs reveal a large di.ference i. the extent to whi.h the i.di.i.ual di.eases are neglected wi.h notable di.ferences between absolute and relati.e efforts. Cri.eri. used i. the evaluati.n of research proposals relate to potenti.l i.0}act, the probabi.i.y of success and strategi. fi.. Pri.ate organi.ati.ns pri.ri.i.e strategi. fi. and econom.c i.0}act;phi.anthropi. organi.ati.ns pri.ri.i.e short-term.soci.tal i.0}act;and publi. generally pri.ri.i.e the probabi.i.y of success by accounti.g for follow-up fundi.g and i.volvem.nt of i.dustry. Fundi.g deci.i.ns of di.ferent types of organi.ati.ns are hi.hly i.terrelated. Conclusi.ns: Thi. study shows that the evaluati.n of fundi.g proposals i.troduces and retai.s unequal fundi.g di.tri.uti.n, rei.forci.g the relati.e neglect of di.eases. Soci.tal i.0}act i. the pri.0}ry rati.nale for fundi.g but appli.ati.n of i. as a fundi.g cri.eri.n i. associ.ted wi.h si.ni.i.ant challenges. Furtherm.re, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropi.al di.eases Fundi.g deci.i.n Evaluati.n Cri.eri. Health Research Fundi.g Research i.0}act

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