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International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application 2023年第2期12卷 68-80页

作者： Omotayo Adebayo Taiwo Liman Kibokun Alhassan Olutunde Samuel odetunde Olatayo Olusegun Alabi Department of Mathematics University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria Department of Mathematical Sciences Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Nigeria Department of Statistics Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

This paper concerns the implementation of the orthogonal polynomials using the Galerkin method for solving Volterra integro-differential and Fredholm integro-differential equations. The constructed orthogonal polynomials are used as basis functions in the assumed solution employed. Numerical examples for some selected problems are provided and the results obtained show that the Galerkin method with orthogonal polynomials as basis functions performed creditably well in terms of absolute errors obtained.

关键词： Galerkin Method Integro-Differential Equation Orthogonal Polynomials Basis Function Approximate Solution

Determinants of Breast-Feeding Initiation Time among Newborns Delivered in a Tertiary Baby Friendly Health Facility in Enugu, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第1期9卷 47-61页

作者： Christopher Bismarck Eke Israel Odutola odetunde Samuel Nkachukwu Uwaezuoke Uzoamaka Vivian Muoneke Nnamdi Benson Onyire Uchenna Ekwochi Chika Nwanma Onwasigwe Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Nigeria/Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine Ebonyi State University Abakaliki/Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT)/ESUT Teaching Hospital Park Lane Enugu Nigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Medicine University of Nigeria/Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria

Background: The importance of early breastfeeding initiation to both the mother and infant is enormous as it reduces the likelihood of neonatal mortality as well as maternal postpartum haemorrhage. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence and determinants of correct breastfeeding initiation time among newborns delivered at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Relevant maternal and new-born birth characteristics were obtained using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors that are significantly associated with correct breastfeeding initiation time with the level of significance set at p Results: A total of 321 mother-newborn pairs were studied. 86 (26.8%) of the respondents correctly initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour of delivery. Planned pregnancy, pre-pregnancy decision on infant feeding options, primiparity, vaginal delivery and breast milk as first food given to the neonate post-delivery were associated with increased likelihood of correct breastfeeding initiation time. Conclusion: Correct breastfeeding initiation time among respondents is low. Planned pregnancy, pre-pregnancy decision on infant feeding option before pregnancy, primiparity, vaginal delivery and breast milk as first food given to the neonate after delivery were associated with having correct breastfeeding initiation time among respondents. Efforts should be made to complement Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative with baby friendly community initiative in order to improve the rate of correct breastfeeding initiation time in our setting.

关键词： Breastfeeding Initiation Time Newborns Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative

Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV Infections among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Southwestern Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2021年第3期11卷 101-119页

作者： Georgina N. Odaibo Oluwatoyin A. Babalola Onoja M. Akpa Foluke A. Fasola abayom. odetunde Biobele Brown Nanfisat A. Alamukii Chinedum P. Babalola Adeyinka G. Falusi Department of Virology COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria IMRAT COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Haematology COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Paediatrics COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry COM University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Sickle Cell Hope Alive Foundation (SCHAF) Ibadan Nigeria

Aim: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Methodology: In this case-control study, 1017 patients with SCD and 1017 age and gender matched controls were enrolled from 6 health facilities and some communities in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Blood samples were tested for the presence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections. Structured questionnaire was used to capture participants’ information and data analyzed using descriptive statistics, McNemar Chi-square/Fishers exact test. Results: Blood transfusion was significantly more common among SCD cases [566 (55.7%)] than controls [54 (5.3%)], while history of vaccination was higher in the control group (p = 0.001). The overall prevalence of HIV [2 (0.2%) vs 11 (1.1%)], HBV [58 (5.7) vs 66 (6.5%)] and HCV [10 (1.0) vs 22 (2.2%)] was lower among SCD cases than controls, respectively, although significantly different only in HCV infection (p = 0.048). All three infections were significantly higher in adults than in children. Co-infection was found only in four of the participants, all of whom were SCD patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infection among SCD patients indicates an improvement in the transfusion safety measures in the region. The prevalence of HBV and HCV found in this study is still relatively high when compared with reports from some other regions. There is a need for continued surveillance and subsidized cost of drugs for treatment of these infections, especially for SCD patients who already have a compromised immunity.

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sickle Cell Disease Prevalence

Retrospective Evaluation of Intussusception in Under-Five Children in Nigeria

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World Journal of Vaccines 2014年第3期4卷 123-132页

作者： Beckie Nnenna Tagbo Jason Mwenda Christopher Eke Tagbo Oguonu Sebastin Ekemze Uchechukwu Obiora Ezomike Benedict Edelu Ogechukwu Amadi Ifeyinwa Okeke Okechukwu Ani Roservelt Okechukwu Nnani Vina Okafor Henrietta Uche Okafor Egbuna Obidike Emmanuel Abanida Chris Elemuwa Toyin odetunde Department of Paediatric Surgery Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Paediatric Surgery University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Institte of Child Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Institute of Child Health and Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria National Primary Health Care Development Agency Federal Ministry of Health Abuja Nigeria World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO) Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Background: Assessment of the safety profile of the new rotavirus vaccines in Africa requires base-line epidemiological data on intussusception. Hence, this study was aimed at describing the prevalence and associated factors of intussusception in under-five children in Enugu, Southeast, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study involving the sixty reported cases of intussusception in under-five children admitted in a hospital in Enugu between 2007 and 2012. Cases of intussusception were selected using the Brighton collaboration intussusception working group level I diagnostic criteria. Information sought from the patients’ folders included demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations including history of previous rotavirus vaccination, duration of illness prior to presentation, diarrhoea, vomiting, passage of red currant jelly-like stool, abdominal mass and distension, method of diagnosis, treatment option(s) employed and their outcomes. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: The majority of the cases were aged less than one year (53;88.3%) while the average incidence of intussusception was 0.1 per 1000. None of the cases had received rotavirus vaccinations. The common clinical presentations were vomiting, 55 (17.2%), passage of red currant stool 50 (15.6%), fever 50 (15.6%) and abnormal/absent bowel sound 43 (15.9%). Diagnosis was essentially with the aid of abdominal ultrasonography, 38 (63.3%) while surgery (laparotomy) was the treatment of choice in most cases 48 (80.0%). The case fatality rate was 3 (5.0%). Conclusion: None of the cases studied could be directly linked to rotavirus vaccinations. But seasonal peak incidence coincided with rotavirus diarrhea peak incidence. Efforts should be made to institute post-rotavirus vaccine licensure prospective surveillance study in order to fully determine any relationship between rotavirus vaccination and intussusception in Enugu, South east, Nigeria.

关键词： Intussusception Children Rotavirus Surgery Bloody Stool Nigeria

Galerkin Method for Numerical Solution of Volterra Integro-Differential Equations with Certain Orthogonal Basis Function

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Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV Infections among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Southwestern Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application（现代非线性理论与应用） 2023年第2期

作者： Omotayo Adebayo Taiwo Liman Kibokun Alhassan Olutunde Samuel odetunde Olatayo Olusegun Alabi

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Erratum to “Retrospective Evaluation of Intussusception in Under-Five Children in Nigeria” [World Journal of Vaccines Vol.4 No.3 (August 2014) 123-132]

World Journal of AIDS（艾滋病） 2021年第3期

作者： Georgina N.Odaibo Oluwatoyin A.Babalola Onoja M.Akpa Foluke A.Fasola abayom. odetunde Biobele Brown Nanfisat A.Alamukii Chinedum P.Babalola Adeyinka G.Falusi

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第3期5卷 147-147页

作者： Beckie Nnenna Tagbo Jason Mwenda Christopher Eke Tagbo Oguonu Sebastian Ekenze Uchechukwu Obiora Ezomike Benedict Edelu Ogechukwu Amadi Ifeyinwa Okeke Okechukwu Ani Roservelt Okechukwu Nnani Vina Okafor Henrietta Uche Okafor Egbuna Obidike Emmanuel Abanida Chris Elemuwa Toyin odetunde Institute of Child Health and Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO) Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Paediatric Surgery University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Institute of Child Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria National Primary Health Care Development Agency Federal Ministry of Health Abuja Nigeria Department of Paediatric Surgery Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

The original online version of this article (Tagbo, B. N., et al. 2014 “Retrospective Evaluation of Intussusception in Under-Five Children in Nigeria”, 2014, 4, 123-132, http://***/10.4236/wjv.2014.43015) was publis... 详细信息

关键词： Intussusception Children Rotavirus Surgery Bloody Stool Nigeria