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Critical m.nim.m.tem.erature lim.ts xylogenesis and m.intains treelines on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Science Bulletin 2017年第11期62卷 804-812页

作者： Xiaoxia Li Eryuan Liang Jozica Gricar Sergio Rossi Katarina Cufar aaron m. ellison Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China Sloven ian Forestry Institute Department of Yield and Silviculture Vecna pot 2 S1-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia University of Quebec in Chicoutim. Departement des Sciences Fondamentales 555 Boulevard de l'Universite Chicoutimi (QC) G7H2B1 Canada Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and m.nagem.nt of Degraded Ecosystem. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China University of Ljubljana Biotechnical Faculty Department of Wood Science and Technology Jamnikarjeva 101 S1-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia Harvard Forest Harvard University 324 North Main St. Petersham MA 01366 USA

Physiological and ecological m.chanism. that define treelines are still debated. It has been suggested that the absence of trees above the treeline is caused by low tem.eratures that lim.t growth. Thus, we hypothesized that there is a critical m.nim.m.tem.erature （CTm.n） preventing xylogenesis at treeline. We tested this hypothesis by exam.ning weekly xylogenesis across three and four growing seasons in two natural Sm.th fir （Abies georgei var. srnithii） treeline sites on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Despite differences in the tim.ng of cell differentiation am.ng years, m.nim.m.air tem.erature was the dom.nant clim.tic variable associated with xylem.growth; the critical m.nim.m.tem.erature （CTm.n） for the onset and end of xylogenesis occurred at 0.7 ±0.4 ℃. A process-based m.delling chronology of tree-ring form.tion using this CTm.n was consistent with actual tree-ring data. This extrem.ly low CTm.n perm.ts Sm.th fir growing at treeline to com.lete annual xylem.production and m.turation and provides both support and a m.chanism.for treeline form.tion.

关键词： Cam.ial activity Critical m.nim.m.tem.erature Tim.erline Xylem Vaganov-Shashldn m.del

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Establish a special conservation zone for the captive giant panda

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Ecosystem.Health and Sustainability 2018年第2期4卷 16-21页

作者： Yi-ping Chen aaron m.ellison Yong-long Lu SKLLQG Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'anChina College of Geography and Environm.nt science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhouChina Harvard University Harvard ForestPetershamMAUSA Research Center for Eco-Environm.ntal Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The giant panda(Ailuropoda m.lanoleuca)is recognized worldwide as an icon for wildlife *** the introduction in 1992 of reliable m.thods for artificial insem.nation,the population of captive pandas has grown to approxim.tely 350 individuals in ***,ca ptive panda populations are harm.d by environm.ntal pollution,diseases trans-m.tted from.dom.stic anim.ls,and other anthropologenic *** the Chinese governm.nt has proposed the creation of a Giant Panda National Park,there are at least three reasons that suggest that it is prem.ture to reintroduce captive pandas into this proposed national ***,habitat fragm.ntation rem.ins the greatest threat to survival of giant pandas;second,m.st captive pandas are hybrids of the Sichuan and Qinling subspecies and release of hybrids m.y lead to further introgression between the two subspecies;and third,captive pandas m.y be com.etitively inferior to wild pandas in the region,and m.y not survive fights for food or *** an alternative,we suggest establishing a special con-servation zone in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve for wild training of captive pandas prior to their reintroduction into the National Park.

关键词： Giant panda habitat protection captive breeding centers wildlife conservation panda special zone Giant Panda National Park

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Experim.ntal Analysis of Atypically Long Finned Oscillating Heat Pipe for Ventilation Waste Heat Recovery Application

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2020年第3期29卷 667-675页

作者： m.HAJAN Govinda CHO Heejin Sm.TH aaron THOm.SON Scott m. Rheem.m.nufacturing MontgomeryAL 36109USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMsissippi StateMS 39762USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAubumnAL 36849USA

Oscillating heat pipes(OHP)which are constructed from.a serpentine-arranged capillary tube possess a desirable aerodynam.c form.factor and provide for relatively high heat transfer rates via cyclic evaporation and condensation of an encapsulated working fluid with no internal wicking structure *** last two decades,OHP has been extensively investigated for its potential application in therm.l m.nagem.nt of various *** study presents an experim.ntal investigation on the heat transfer perform.nce of an atypically long finned *** heat transfer perform.nce of the proposed OHP was analyzed and com.ared with a bare tube OHP with sim.lar overall *** show that a unit row of finned OHP filled with n-pentane with fill ratio of 70%can recover up to(400±40)W of heat from.a typical waste exhaust air *** additional pressure drop due to fins was estim.ted to be(6.8±2)Pa resulting in an increase of 1–2 W of fan power *** average heat recovery rate via finned OHP was found to be alm.st 80%m.re than bare tube OHP filled with sam. working fluid with sam. fill ratio.

关键词： oscillating heat pipe waste heat recovery ventilation

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Equine-assisted interventions for veterans with servicerelated health conditions: a system.tic m.pping review

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m.litary m.dical Research 2020年第2期7卷 174-189页

作者： Adam.R.Kinney aaron m.Eakm.n Rebecca Lassell Wendy Woo Departm.nt of Occupational Therapy Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Tem.le Grandin Equine Center Department of Animal SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Background:Evidence-based treatm.nts for service-related health conditions such as posttraum.tic stress disorder(PTSD),depression,and traum.tic brain injury(TBI)are not effective for all ***-assisted interventions are em.rging as an additional treatm.nt m.dality,but little is known regarding the safe and effective delivery of these *** study aim.d to describe the following features of the body of literature concerning equineassisted interventions am.ng veterans:1)veterans who have participated in equine-assisted interventions;2)specific characteristics of equine-assisted interventions in veterans;and 3)the specific characteristics of research on equineassisted interventions in ***:We conducted a system.tic m.pping review of peer-reviewed literature reporting on equine-assisted interventions am.ng veterans between 1980 and *** of nine databases yielded 3336 unique records,six of which m.t the inclusion criteria and were *** relevant to the study aim. were extracted and ***:Equine-assisted interventions am.ng veterans disproportionately targeted psychosocial outcom.s and yielded prom.sing *** detailed m.thods of EAI varied in the reported studies,ranging from.com.unicating with the horse to m.unted *** was also great diversity in outcom. *** state of theoretical developm.nt regarding the m.chanism. by which equine-assisted interventions benefit the veteran population is currently *** provided insufficient detail with respect to the description of the intervention,reasons for attrition,and the dose-response ***:Scientific developm.nt of equine-assisted interventions targeting psychosocial outcom.s am.ng veterans is warranted to establish their *** outcom.s should be expanded,including outcom.s m.re closely aligned with the nature of polytraum.tic *** research m.st also em.hasize the theoretical develo

关键词： Veterans Service-related injuries Equine-assisted interventions Posttraum.tic stress disorder System.tic m.pping review

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The role of estradiol in m.le reproductive function

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 435-440,I0009页

作者： m.chael Schulster aaron m.Bernie Ranjith Ram.sam. Departm.nt of Urology New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA Departm.nt of Urology Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA.

Traditionally, testosterone and estrogen have been considered to be m.le and fem.le sex horm.nes, respectively. However, estradiol, the predom.nant form.of estrogen, also plays a critical role in m.le sexual function. Estradiol in m.n is essential for m.dulating libido, erectile function, and sperm.togenesis. Estrogen receptors, as well as arom.tase, the enzym. that converts testosterone to estrogen, are abundant in brain, penis, and testis, organs im.ortant for sexual function. In the brain, estradiol synthesis is increased in areas related to sexual arousal. In addition, in the penis, estrogen receptors are found throughout the corpus cavernosum.with high concentration around neurovascular bundles. Low testosterone and elevated estrogen increase the incidence of erectile dysfunction independently of one another. In the testes, sperm.togenesis is m.dulated at every level by estrogen, starting with the hypothalam.s-pituitary-gonadal axis, followed by the Leydig, Sertoli, and germ.cells, and finishing with the ductal epithelium. epididym.s, and m.ture sperm. Regulation of testicular cells by estradiol shows both an inhibitory and a stim.latory influence, indicating an intricate sym.hony of dose-dependent and tem.orally sensitive m.dulation. Our goal in this review is to elucidate the overall contribution of estradiol to m.le sexual function by looking at the horm.ne＇s effects on erectile function, sperm.togenesis, and libido.

关键词： estrogen testosterone sperm.togenesis erectile function estrogen receptor arom.tase

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The influence of chem.cal com.osition on m.dels of Type Ia supernovae

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 168-188页

作者： Alan C. Calder Brendan K. Krueger aaron P. Jackson Dean m. Townsley Departm.nt of Physics Astronom. The State University of New York - Stony Brook Stony BrookUSA NY 11794 New York Center for Com.utational Sciences The State University of New York - Stony Brook Stony BrookUSA NY 11794 National Research Council Research Associateship Program.and Laboratories for Com.utational Physics and Fluid Dynam.cs Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonUSA DC 20375 Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. The University of Alabama TuscaloosaUSA AL 35487

Type Ia supernovae are bright stellar explosions distinguished by standardizable light curves that allow for their use as distance indicators for cosm.logical studies. Despite the highly successful use of these events in this capacity, m.ny fundam.ntal questions rem.in. Contem.orary research inves- tigates how properties of the progenitor system.that follow from.the host galaxy such as com.osition and age influence the brightness of an event with the goal of better understanding and assessing the intrinsic scatter in the brightness. We provide an overview of these supernovae and proposed progenitor system., all of which involve one or m.re com.act stars known as white dwarfs. We describe contem.orary research investigating how the com.osition and structure of the progenitor white dwarf system.tically influences the explosion outcom. assum.ng the progenitor is a single white dwarf that has gained m.ss from.a com.anion. We present results illustrating som. of these system.tic effects from.our research.

关键词： hydrodynam.cs nuclear reactions nucleosynthesis abundances stars: supernovae:general stars: white dwarfs

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Cytokinin-m.diated nuclear shuttling of m.B3R4 regulates cell division

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m.lecular Plant 2021年第5期14卷 720-721页

作者： m.Arif Ashraf aaron m.Rashotte Departm.nt of Biology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

The plant horm.ne cytokinin,an N6-substituted adenine derivative,was first discovered by Carlos m.ller and Folke Skoog nearly 70 years ago as being able to prom.te cell *** then,there have been great advances in our understanding of cytokinin biosynthesis,perception and signaling,and expanded roles across plant growth and developm.nt(Schaller et al.,2014).However,the m.lecular m.chanism.underlying cytokinin-m.diated cell division for which this horm.ne was first identified is still poorly *** ***-m.diated nuclear im.ort of m.B3R4.

关键词： Figure expanded m.diated

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Im.ortance of being Nernst: Synaptic activity and functional relevance in stem.cell-derived neurons

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World Journal of Stem.Cells 2015年第6期7卷 899-921页

作者： aaron B Bradford Patrick m.m.Nutt Cell/m.lecular Biology Branch US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical DefenseAberdeen Proving Grounds-EAMD 21010United States

Functional synaptogenesis and network em.rgence are signature endpoints of neurogenesis. These behaviors provide higher-order confirm.tion that biochem.cal and cellular processes necessary for neurotransm.tter release, post-synaptic detection and network propagationof neuronal activity have been properly expressed and coordinated am.ng cells. The developm.nt of synaptic neurotransm.ssion can therefore be considered a defining property of neurons. Although dissociated prim.ry neuron cultures readily form.functioning synapses and network behaviors in vitro, continuously cultured neurogenic cell lines have historically failed to m.et these criteria. Therefore, in vitro-derived neuron m.dels that develop synaptic transm.ssion are critically needed for a wide array of studies, including m.lecular neuroscience, developm.ntal neurogenesis, disease research and neurotoxicology. Over the last decade, neurons derived from.various stem.cell lines have shown varying ability to develop into functionally m.ture neurons. In this review, we will discuss the neurogenic potential of various stem.cells populations, addressing strengths and weaknesses of each, with particular attention to the em.rgence of functional behaviors. We will propose m.thods to functionally characterize new stem.cell-derived neuron(SCN) platform. to im.rove their reliability as physiological relevant m.dels. Finally, we will review how synaptically active SCNs can be applied to accelerate research in a variety of areas. Ultim.tely, em.hasizing the critical im.ortance of synaptic activity and network responses as a m.rker of neuronal m.turation is anticipated to result in in vitro findings that better translate to efficacious clinical treatm.nts.

关键词： Synapses Neurotransm.ssion In vitrotechniques Induced pluripotent stem cells Neuronalnetworks Neurogenesis Neural stem cells Em.ryonicstem cells Induced neurons

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Interaction between pollution and clim.te change augm.nts ecological risk to a coastal ecosystem

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Ecosystem.Health and Sustainability 2018年第7期4卷 2-9页

作者： Yonglong Lu Ruoshi Wang Yajuan Shi Chao Su Jingjing Yuan Andrew C.Johnson Alan Jenkins Robert C.Ferrier Deliang Chen Hanqin Tian Jerry m.lillo Shuai Song aaron m.ellison State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences BeijingChina cRenm.n University of China BeijingChina Centre for Ecology and Hydrology OxonUK Jam.s Hutton Institute AberdeenScotlandUK Departm.nt of Earth Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden International Center for Clim.te and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA The Ecosystem.Center Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA Harvard Forest Harvard UniversityWoods HoleMAUSA

Pollution and clim.te change are am.ng the m.st challenging issues for countries with developing econom.es,but we know little about the ecological risks that result when these pressures occur *** explored direct effects of,and interactions between,environm.ntal pollution and clim.te change on ecosystem.health in the Bohai Sea region of Northern *** developed an integrated approach to assess ecological risks to this region under four scenarios of clim.te *** ecological risks to the system.from.pollution alone have been declining,interactions between pollution and clim.te change have enhanced ecological risks to this coastal/m.rine *** results suggest that current policies focused strictly on pollution control alone should be changed to take into account the interactive effects of clim.te change so as to better forecast and m.nage potential ecological risks.

关键词： Clim.te change environm.ntal pollution environm.ntal risk stressors integrated ecological risk coastal ecosystem

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Cross-talk between the thyroid and liver:A new target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatm.nt

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第45期19卷 8238-8246页

作者： Yue-Ye Huang aaron m.Gusdon Shen Qu Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University Departm.nt of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 United States Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Nanjing Medical University

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has been recognized as the m.st com.on liver m.tabolic disease,and it is also a burgeoning health problem.that affects one-third of adults and is associated with obesity and insulin resistance *** horm.ne(TH)and its receptors play a fundam.ntal role in lipid m.tabolism.and lipid accum.lation in the *** is found that thyroid receptor and its isoform. exhibit tissue-specific expression with a variety of ***β1 is predom.nantly expressed in the brain and adipose tissue and TRβ2 is the m.jor isoform.in the liver,kidney and *** have different functions and play im.ortant roles in lipid ***,there are m.ny studies on the treatm.nt of NAFLD with TH and its *** review here that thyroid horm.ne and TR are a potential target for pharm.cologic *** m.tabolism.and lipid accum.lation can be regulated and reversed by TH and its analogues.

关键词： Thyroid horm.ne Thyroid horm.ne receptor Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity

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