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Charging Ahead with E-Buses: Benefits, Costs, and Transition Roadmap

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2717-2748页

作者： aaron yang Katherine Wan Angela Fanqi Jin Horace Mann School Bronx NY USA

This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from the current diesel bus fleet to an all-electric bus fleet in New York City by 2033. This study focuses on the NOx pollution, which is the highest among all major cities by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and greenhouse gases (GHG) with annual emissions of over five million tons. Our model predicts that switching to an all-electric bus fleet will cut GHG emissions by over 390,000 tons and NOx emissions by over 1300 tons annually, in addition to other pollutants such as VOCs and PM 2.5. yielding an annual economic benefit of over 75.94 million USD. This aligns with the city mayor office’s initiative of achieving total carbon neutrality. We further model an optimized transition roadmap that balances ecological and long-term benefits against the costs of the transition, emphasizing feasibility and alignment with the natural replacement cycle of existing buses, ensuring a steady budgeting pattern to minimize interruptions and resistance. Finally, we advocate for collaboration between government agencies, public transportation authorities, and private sectors, including electric buses and charging facility manufacturers, which is essential for fostering innovation and reducing the costs associated with the transition to e-buses.

关键词： City Electric Bus Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Economic Analysis Optimization Model Total Cost of Ownership

Enhanced thermal transport across monolayer MoS2

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Nano Research 2018年第4期11卷 2173-2180页

作者： Miguel Goni Jia yang aaron J. Schmidt 110 Cummington mall Mechanical Engineering Boston University Boston 02115 USA

Characterizing the thermal properties of MoS2 is important for the design of electronic devices based on this material. We used frequency domain thermoreflectance to study the cross-plane thermal transport in mechanically exfoliated MoS2 samples supported on SiO2 and muscovite mica substrates. The thickness of MoS2 ranged between one and five layers, and the MoS2 layers were sandwiched between a metal layer and the substrate. In the case of mica, heat transport into the substrate remained the same whether or not a monolayer of MoS2 was present, whereas, for SiO2, heat transport was reduced by surface roughness. We observed a significant improvement in heat transport across monolayer MoS2 as compared to few layer MoS2. For MoS2 on SiO2, the effective thermal interface conductance was improved by more than three times if a monolayer was used. For MoS2 on mica, the thermal interface conductance was approximately two times better for monolayer MoS2. This implies that monolayer MoS2 has superior thermal properties and can be used in electronic devices as an intermediate layer between two materials. Additionally, we also report on the measurement of anisotropic thermal conductivity in bulk MoS2 and mica.

关键词： MoS2 cross plane thermal transport,frequency domain thermoreflectance,muscovite mica,SiO2

Apoptotic regulation and tRNA

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 795-801页

作者： Yide Mei aaron Stonestrom Ya-Ming Hou Xiaolu yang Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute University of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107USA

Apoptotic regulation is critical to organismal homeostasis and protection against many human disease processes such as *** research efforts over the past several decades have illuminated many signaling molecules and effecter proteins responsible for this form of programmed cell *** evidence suggests that transfer RNA(tRNA)regulates apoptotic sensitivity at the level of cytochrome c-mediated apoptosome *** finding unexpectedly places tRNA at the nexus of cellular biosynthesis and *** we review the current understanding of both the apoptotic machinery and tRNA *** describe the evidence linking tRNA and cytochrome c in depth,and speculate on the implications of this link in cell biology.

关键词： apoptotic regulation tRNA cytochrome c

Application of rare earths in fluid catalytic cracking： A review

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第10期35卷 941-956页

作者： aaron Akah Research and Development Center Saudi Aramco Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia

The need for more active and hydrothermally stable fluid catalytic cracking（FCC）catalysts to combat the effect of metal contaminants has led to an increase in demand for rare earth *** earth oxides enhance catalyst activity and prevent the loss of acid sites during the FCC unit operation,especially when heavy residue with high metal content is used as *** this paper,a review was carried out to show the effects of rare earth elements on the structure,activity,and stability of FCC ***,the use of rare earth elements as vanadium traps was analyzed in conjunction with the mechanism of catalyst deactivation by *** objective was to elucidate the interaction of vanadium species with the zeolite component of the FCC catalysts and the role of rare earth elements in countering the deleterious effects of vanadium on the FCC catalysts.

关键词： FCC catalyst rare earth vanadium trap zeolites

Nano functional neural interfaces

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5065-5106页

作者： Yongchen Wang Hanlin Zhu Huiran yang aaron D. Argall Lan Luan Chong Xie Liang Guo Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus 43210 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin 78712 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus 43210 USA Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus 43210 USA Department of Neuroscience The Ohio State University Columbus 43210 USA

Engineered functional neural interfaces （fNIs） serve as essential abiotic-biotic transducers between an engineered system and the nervous system. They convert external physical stimuli to cellular signals in stimulation mode or read out biological processes in recording mode. Information can be exchanged using electricity, light, magnetic fields, mechanical forces, heat, or chemical signals. fNIs have found applications for studying processes in neural circuits from cell cultures to organs to whole organisms, fNI-facilitated signal transduction schemes, coupled with easily manipulable and observable external physical signals, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. This enticing field is rapidly evolving toward miniaturization and biomimicry to achieve long-term interface stability with great signal transduction efficiency. Not only has a new generation of neuroelectrodes been invented, but the use of advanced fNIs that explore other physical modalities of neuromodulation and recording has begun to increase. This review covers these exciting developments and applications of fNIs that rely on nanoelectrodes, nanotransducers, or bionanotransducers to establish an interface with the nervous system. These nano fNIs are promising in offering a high spatial resolution, high target specificity, and high communication bandwidth by allowing for a high density and count of signal channels with minimum material volume and area to dramatically improve the chronic integration of the fNI to the target neural tissue. Such demanding advances in nano fNIs will greatly facilitate new opportunities not only for studying basic neuroscience but also for diagnosing and treating various neurological diseases.

关键词： neural interface neurotechnology nanoelectrode nanomaterial neural recording neural stimulation

Investigation of TLP's hydrodynamic response with different tendon connection angles

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2018年第4期8卷 291-297,301页

作者： yang Yu aaron Hardowar Jianxing Yu Shuai Hao Xiaodong Gao State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration Shanghai 200240China

This paper aims to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of a tension leg platform(TLP)when the tendon connection angles are varied at 90°,70°,50°,and 30°.Three different types of loading conditions are applied to the *** include 100-year hurricane storm period,regular waves and no *** TLP displayed major response in the pitch degree of freedom.A maximum reduction of 14% in pitch rotation is achieved when 100-year hurricane storm conditions are applied to the *** occurred in 0°loadings at 30°tendon connection angle as compared to 90°tendon connection *** in pitch rotation is also achieved in the regular wave loadings.A maximum of 9% in pitch rotation is achieved during 0°wave loading at 30°tendon connection angle as compared to 90°.When the tendon connection angle is reduced from 90°to 30°,the natural frequency of the TLP increased both in pitch and yaw degrees of freedom by 2.55% and 2.40%,respectively.

关键词： Tendon connection Irregular waves Regular waves Pitch Yaw

Closed-loop drip irrigation control using a hybrid wireless sensor and actuator network

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2011年第3期54卷 577-588页

作者： FRANZEN aaron Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University

In this research, a closed-loop drip irrigation control hybrid wireless sensor and actuator network (HWSAN) prototype were developed and deployed in a crop field for soil property precise measurement and precision irrigation in accordance with the measured soil property. The HWSAN was composed of a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) used for in-field soil property monitoring and irrigation control and a laboratory supervising system. The WSAN included ten sensor nodes, five irrigation control nodes, a central node, a gateway and a cellular modem. The laboratory supervising system was formed by a web-server. The system could automatically sample soil properties including soil moisture, electrical conductivity, and nearsurface temperature at four different depths underground and transmit field data through cellular network to the web-server. Closed-loop control was achieved through the control nodes listening uploading packets from its paired sensor nodes to control drip irrigation. Results from the quality of service (QoS) evaluation included: the data packet transmission rate was 84.76%, data accuracy rate was greater than 97% and no in-field data transmission errors.

关键词： wireless sensor network drip irrigation soil property monitoring precision agriculture

The kinetics of static recovery by dislocation climb

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 973-982页

作者： aaron A.Kohnert Laurent Capolungo Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA

The initial microstructure of a wide range of structural materials is conditioned by thermo-mechanical treatments such as hot-working,tempering,or solution *** the elevated temperatures associated with these treatments the dislocation microstructure evolves,usually decreasing in density through a process known as static *** its technological relevance,static recovery is not fully characterized from a theoretical standpoint,with even the controlling mechanisms subject to *** this study,a climb-enabled discrete dislocation dynamics(DDD)capability is leveraged to explore the kinetics of static recovery in pure Fe when controlled by dislocation *** data from these simulations is used to develop a revised static recovery law,and provides the parameters appropriate for predictive microstructure models in *** law differs from previous analytical derivations invoking climb of dislocations,following the logarithmic trends typical of experimental observations where prior work did *** comparison between the recovery law derived from DDD to experimental recovery data in alpha Fe shows strong agreement across a range of temperatures,and suggests that climb is the controlling mechanism for static recovery in pure metals.

关键词： dislocation law treatment

SciFinder-guided rational design of fluorescent carbon dots for ratiometric monitoring intracellular pH fluctuations under heat shock

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第9期30卷 1647-1651页

作者： Haifang Liu Yuanqiang Sun Zhaohui Li Ran yang Jie yang aaron Albert Aryee Xiaoge Zhang Jia Ge Lingbo Qu Yuehe Lin Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at The First Affiliated Hospital Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 United States

Intracellular pH plays a significant role in various biological processes, including cell proliferation,apoptosis, metabolism, enzyme activity and homeostasis. In this work, a novel design strategy for the preparation of pH responsive carbon dots(CDs-pH) for ratiometric intracellular imaging was reported. By using SciFinder database, fluorescent CDs-pH with the required p Kavalue of 6.84 were rationally designed, which is vital important for precise sensing of intracellular pH. As a result, the synthesized CDspH demonstrated robust ability to test pH fluctuations within the physiological range of 5.4-7.4. The CDspH was further utilized for fluorescent ratiometric imaging of pH in living HeLa cells, effectively avoided the influence of autofluorescence from native cellular species. Moreover, real-time monitoring of intracellular pH fluctuation under heat shock was successfully realized. This SciFinder-guided design strategy is simple and flexible, which has a great potential to be used for the development of other types of CDs for various applications.

关键词： Carbon dots Rationally design SciFinder database Ratiometric monitoring Intracellular pH