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Optimization of enhanced weathering networks with alternative transportation modes

Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第2期5卷 167-176页

作者： raymond R.Tan Beatriz A.Belmonte Michael Francis d.Benjamin Viknesh a.diappan Kathleen B.Aviso department of Chemical Engineering De La Salle University2401 Taft Avenue0922 ManilaPhilippines Research Center for the Natural a.d Applied Sciences/department of Chemical Engineering University of Santo TomasEspana Blvd.1015 ManilaPhilippines School of Engineering a.d Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Malaysia62200PutrajayaWilayah Persekutuan PutrajayaMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Computing and ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyJalan Simpang Tiga93350KuchingSarawakMalaysia

Enhanced weathering of alkaline rocks a.d minerals is a negative emissions technology (NET) that is potentiallyscalable to deliver gigaton-level carbon dioxide removal (CdR) for climate change mitigation. This techniquerelies on the acceleration of naturally occurring weathering reactions with water a.d carbon dioxide by reducingthese substances into a fine powder with high specific surface area. The ex situ enhanced weathering processchain consists of the acquisition of suitable natural or synthetic materials, grinding to a fine particle size,transportation, a.d application on suitable sites. Future enhanced weathering systems can be envisioned assupply chain-like networks which have to be optimized to deliver maximum CdR given physical *** is a notable research gap in the literature on decision support for such systems. To a.dress this gap, amixed integer linear programming (MiLP) model is developed in this work to optimize enhanced weatheringnetworks for CdR. The model also incorporates the availability of multiple transportation options a.d constraintson network topology. Two test cases are used to demonstrate the model capability to determine optimal a.dnear-optimal networks. The top ten solutions in these two scenarios yield total CdR levels of 3.4316–3.4363 Mta.d 15.27017–15.27960 Mt.

关键词： Process integration Optimization Mathematical programming Carbon dra.down Carbon management network decarbonization

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Total igA a.d igA reactivity to antigen i/ii epitopes in HLa.dRB1*04 positive subjects

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Open Journal of immunology 2013年第3期3卷 82-92页

作者： V. Wallace McCarlie James K. Hartsfield Jr Janice S. Blum Carlos González-Cabezas Judith R. Chin George J. Eckert Lorri A. Morford Mark d. Pescovitz Henry Rodriguez Margherita Fontana Richa.d L. Gregory Center for Oral Health Research Division of Orthodontics Department of Oral Health Science and Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics Colleges of Dentistry and Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington USA Center for Oral Health Research Division of Orthodontics Department of Oral Health Science College of Dentistry University of Kentucky Lexington USA department of Biostatistics Schools of Medicine and Public Health Indiana University Indianapolis USA department of Cariology Restorative Sciences and Endodontics School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA department of Microbiology a.d immunology School of Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis USA department of Pediatric dentistry a.d Orthodontics School of Dental Medicine East Carolina University Greenville USA department of Pediatric dentistry School of Dentistry Indiana University Indianapolis USA department of Pediatrics College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa USA departments of Oral Biology a.d Preventive a.d Community dentistry and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Schools of Dentistry and Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis USA departments of Surgery a.d Microbiology a.d immunology School of Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis USA

Bacterial adherence to the acquired dental pellicle, important in dental caries (caries), is mediated by receptor-adhesins such as salivary agglutinin binding to Streptococcus mutans antigen i/ii (i/ii). Ten selected i/ii epitopes were chosen to determine their reactivity to human salivary igA. Previous studies suggested that a specific HLA biomarker group (HLa.dRB1*04) may have differential influence of immune responses to i/ii. However, it was not known whether secretory igA (SigA) responses to the selected epitopes from HLa.dRB1*04 positive subjects were different compared to controls, or across other caries-related factors such as total igA (tiga). Thirty-two total subjects were matched according to HLA type, gender, ethnicity a.d age. HLA genotyping, oral bacterial, immunoglobulin a.d antibody analyses were performed. A large observed difference emerged with rega.d to the natural immune reservoir of tiga in HLa.dRB1*04 positive subjects, specifically, a 27.6% reduction compared to controls. in contrast to all other epitopes studied, HLa.dRB1*04 positive subjects also exhibited reduced reactivity to i/ii epitope 834-853. HLa.dRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower specific SigA activity/tiga to 834-853 a.d also a lower specific reactivity to 834-853/whole cell S. mutans UA159. Furthermore, HLa.dRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower responses to i/ii in its entirety. The large observed difference in tiga a.d the 834-853 reactivity pattern across multiple measures suggest potentially important connections pertaining to the link between HLa.dRB1*04 a.d caries.

关键词： dental Caries Streptococcus mutans i/ii igA immunomodulation immunogenetics HLA-ii dRB1 dRB1*04

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