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Numerical Modeling and Computer Simulation of a Meander Line Antenna for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment, a Feasibility Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第2期11卷 177-185页

作者： Felipe P. Perez Maryam Rahmani Jorge Morisaki Farhan Amran Syazwani Bakri Akmal Halim a.ston dsouza.nura.ifi mohd yusuff Amran Farhan James Maulucci Maher Rizkalla Department of Medicine Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis USA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago USA

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a brain disorder that eventually causes memory loss and the ability to perform simple cognitive functions;research efforts within pharmaceuticals and other medical treatments have minimal impact on the disease. Our preliminary biological studies showed that Repeated Electromagnetic Field Stimulation (REFMS) applying an EM frequency of 64 MHz and a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.4 - 0.9 W/kg decrease the level of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), which is the most likely etiology of AD. This study emphasizes uniform E/H field and SAR distribution with adequate penetration depth penetration through multiple human head layers driven with low input power for safety treatments. In this work, we performed numerical modeling and computer simulations of a portable Meander Line antenna (MLA) to achieve the required EMF parameters to treat AD. The MLA device features a low cost, small size, wide bandwidth, and the ability to integrate into a portable system. This study utilized a High-Frequency Simulation System (HFSS) in the design of the MLA with the desired characteristics suited for AD treatment in humans. The team designed a 24-turn antenna with a 60 cm length and 25 cm width and achieved the required resonant frequency of 64 MHz. Here we used two numerical human head phantoms to test the antenna, the MIDA and spherical head phantom with six and seven tissue layers, respectively. The antenna was fed from a 50-Watt input source to obtain the SAR of 0.6 W/kg requirement in the center of the simulated brain tissue layer. We found that the E/H field and SAR distribution produced was not homogeneous;there were areas of high SAR values close to the antenna transmitter, also areas of low SAR value far away from the antenna. This paper details the antenna parameters, the scattering parameters response, the efficiency response, and the E and H field distribution;we presented the computer simulation results and discussed future work for a practical model.

关键词： Alzheimer’s Disease Meander Line Antenna HFSS EMF Linearity SAR Field Distribution

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EMF Antenna Exposure on a Multilayer Human Head Simulation for Alzheimer Disease Treatments

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2022年第5期15卷 129-139页

作者： Felipe P. Perez Maryam Rahmani John Emberson Makenzie Weber Jorge Morisaki Farhan Amran Syazwani Bakri Akmal Halim a.ston dsouza.nura.ifi mohd yusuff Amran Farhan James Maulucci Maher Rizkalla Department of Medicine Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis IN USA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA

In this paper, we follow up with our preliminary biological studies that showed that Repeated electromagnetic field stimulation (REMFS) decreased the toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) levels, which is considered to be the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The REMFS parameters of these exposures were a frequency of 64 MHz and a Specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.4 to 0.9 W/Kg in primary human neuronal cultures. In this work, an electromagnetic field (EMF) model was simulated using high-frequency simulation system (HFSS/EMPro) software. Our goal was to achieve the EM parameters (EMF Frequency and SAR) required to decrease the toxic Aβ levels in our biological studies in a simulated human head. The simulations performed here will potentially lead to the successful development of an exposure system to treat Alzheimer’s disease patients. A popular VFH (very high frequency) patch microstrip antenna system was considered in the study. The selection was based on simple and easy construction and appropriateness to the VHF applications. The evaluation of the SAR and temperature distribution on the various head layers, including skin, fat, dura, the cerebrospinal (CSF), and grey matter, brain tissues, were determined for efficacy SAR and safety temperature increase on a simulated human head. Based on a current pulse of 1 A peak current fed to the antenna feeder, a maximum SAR of 0.6 W/Kg was achieved. A range of 0.4 to 0.6 SAR was observed over the various layers of the simulated human head. The initial design of the antenna indicated an antenna size in the order of 1 m in length and width, suggesting a stationary practical model for AD therapy. Future direction is given for wearable antenna and exposure system, featuring high efficiency and patient comfort.

关键词： EM Antenna Brain Tissues Simulation Alzheimer

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