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Animal Diseases 2021年第2期1卷 108-115页

作者： Birhanu Ayele Samson leta Department of Animal Science Wachemo University Durame CampusDurameEthiopia College of Veterinary Medicine&Agriculture Addis Ababa UniversityBishoftuEthiopia

Several studies in Ethiopia have shown a high prevalence of reproductive disorders(RDs)in dairy ***,there is a lack of information about the levels of knowledge among farming community about the causes associated with RDs.A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study design was administered to 278 livestock farmers(LFs)in the Kembata Tambaro zone to evaluate knowledge and preventive practices on infectious causes of RDs in dairy *** results show that almost all farmers had heard about RDs,but more than half did not realize that reproductive system infections(RSIs)could cause RDs in dairy cows.A significant number of participants were not aware of the spread of RSIs between animals through sharing of breeding bulls,ingestion of urine contaminated feed,unhygienic management,sharing of equipment between milking cows,and interactions with contagious *** majority of LFs reported that they frequently consulted with traditional healers regarding the treatment of RDs,but very few looked for veterinary *** results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that level of education and living areas were factors significantly and positively associated with knowledge about ***,occupation,level of education and being knowledgeable about RSIs were significantly associated with good preventive *** and responsible authorities should take these results into consideration to educate farmers on preventing losses attributed to RSIs.

关键词： Dairy cows RSIs Livestock farmers Knowledge Preventive practices

Agricultural extension approach:evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 427-439页

作者： Gerba leta Steffen SCHULZ Girum GETACHEWALEMU Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project Deutsche Gesellschaft für InternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbHSustainable Use of Rehabilitated Land for Economic Development(SURED)Addis Ababa 100009Ethiopia TMG-Thinktank for sustainability 53474 Bad Neuenahr-AhrweilerHauptsrasse 27BGermany

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training,demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty,ensuring food security,and sustainably managing natural *** recent decades,different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and nongovernmental organizations to stimulate participation in the agricultural extension system(AES).The most recent was a German-funded project entitled“Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project”(ISFM+),which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best *** purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM+and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and *** study used a mixed methods approach to collect *** and SPSS were used for data management and *** Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation ***,the ISFM+was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer *** on these empirical findings,it is argued that the ISFM+approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.

关键词： Ethiopia Farmer Field School Farmer Research and Extension Group governance institutionalization ISFM+ambassador participation

Hybrids production as a potential method to control prolific breeding in tilapia and adaptation to aquaculture climate-induced drought

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第6期7卷 647-652页

作者： kulwa Mtaki Samwel Mchele Limbu Aviti John Mmochi Matern S.P.Mtolera Institute of Marine Sciences P.O.Box 668University of Dar es SalaamZanzibarTanzania Department of Aquaculture Technology School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries TechnologyUniversity of Dar es SalaamP.O.Box 60091Dar es SalaamTanzania East China Normal University Department of BiologySchool of Life SciencesLaboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health500 Dong Chuan Road200241ShanghaiChina

Establishing suitable salt tolerant all-male tilapia strains with fast growth rate is a crucial requirement for successful euryhaline farming required for controlling prolific breeding and as an adaptation to the effect of climateinduced *** study assessed the percentage of tilapia male hybrids,their growth performance and survival rate produced by crossing female Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)and male Rufiji tilapia(Oreochromis urolepis urolepis)at different *** fingerlings were reared for 70 days in triplicate concrete tanks(1 m3),each stocked with 15 fish weighing 1.62±0.03 g,1.69±0.02 g and 1.41±0.06 g exposed to 2,15 and 35 ppt salinities,*** was done by adding seawater to freshwater at a rate of 2 ppt per day for 18 *** sexing was done by visual assessment of the genital papilla followed by rearing the hybrids for six months to observe *** showed that,the cross between ***(female)and *** urolepis(male)produced hybrids that were all-males without any reproduction within six months post hybrid*** hybrids reared at a salinity of 2 ppt had higher growth performance than those reared at 15 and 35 ***,hybrids cultured at 15 ppt had significantly higher growth performance than those reared at 35 *** the hybrids produced had survival rates of 100%.This study indicated that,all-male tilapia produced by crossing between ***(female)and ***(male)can be used by fish farmers as alternative species for mariculture development to control prolific breeding and as an adaptation strategy to climate change.

关键词： Monosex culture Hybridization Mariculture All-male hybrids Aquaculture climate-induced drought

Novel Approaches to the Development and Application of Informetric and Scientometric Tools

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2020年第3期5卷 1-4页

作者： Giuseppe Catalano Cinzia Daraio Jacqueline leta Henk F.Moed Giancarlo Ruocco Xiaolin Zhang Sapienza University of Rome Italy Instituto de Bioquímica Médica/UFRJ Brazil National Science Library Chinese Academy of SciencesChina

This is the second part of the Journal of Data and Information Science(JDIS)Special Issue on ISSI 2019,the 17thInternational Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics(ISSI2019)held in Rome,on 2-5 September 2019 and includes additional 10 selected posters presented during the conference largely expanded by the authors afterwards.

关键词： Tools expanded Scientometrics

Assessment of Future Climate Change Scenario in Halaba District, Southern Ethiopia

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 283-296页

作者： Tesemash Abebe leta Bekele Misrak Tamire Hessebo Department of Climate Science Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Meteorological Data and Climatology Ethiopia Meteorology Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Dilla University Dilla Ethiopia

Climate change is one environmental threat that poses great challenges to the future development prospects of Ethiopia. The study used the statistically downscaled daily data in 30-years intervals from the second generation of the Earth System Model (CanESM2) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for three future time slices;near-term (2010-2039), mid-century (2040-2069) and end-century (2071-2099) were generated. The observed data of maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation are a good simulation with the modeled data during the calibration and validation periods using the correlation coefficient (R2), the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The projected annual minimum and maximum temperatures are expected to increase by 0.091°C, 0.517°C, and 0.73°C and 0.072°C, 0.245°C, and 0.358°C in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s under the intermediate scenario, respectively. Under RCP8.5, the annual minimum and maximum temperatures are expected to increase by 0.192°C, 0.409°C, and 0.708°C, 0.402°C, 4.352°C, and 8.750°C in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. Besides, the precipitation is expected to increase under intermediate and high emission scenarios by 1.314%, 7.643%, and 12.239%, and 1.269%, 10.316% and 26.298% in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. Temperature and precipitation are projected to increase in total amounts under all-time slices and emissions pathways. In both emission scenarios, the greatest changes in maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation are predicted by the end of the century. This implies climate smart actions in development policies and activities need to consider locally downscale expected climatic changes.

关键词： Statistical Downscaling Model RCP Scenarios Climate Change

Ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in water and surface sediment samples from Akaki River catchment,central Ethiopia

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 396-404页

作者： Alemnew Berhanu Kassegne Jonathan O.Okonkwo Tarekegn Berhanu Adegbenro P.Daso Olubiyi I.Olukunle Seyoum leta Asfaw Department of Chemistry Debre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 455Debre BerhanEthiopia Center for Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Environmental Water&Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Nelson Mandela DrivePrivate Bag X680ArcadiaPretoriaSouth Africa Central Research Laboratory Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityP.O.Box 16417Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA

The current status of persistent organic pollutants in Ethiopian environment is not well monitored despite the existing pollution potential from a number of *** and sediment samples collected from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,Central Ethiopia were analyzed to assess the concentrations,distribution,possible sources and potential ecological risk of eight organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)and seven polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs).Water and sediment samples were extracted by liquid-liquid and Soxhlet extraction respectively,and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(GC-MS).The detectable OCPs and PCBs in water samples were DDT,DDE,DDD,lindane and dieldrin and PCB-28,PCB-101 and PCB-118,respectively in the rainy *** sediment samples showed the presence of lindane in the dry and p,p’-DDT,p,p’-DDE,p,p’-DDD,a,b-endosulfan,heptachlor epoxide(B),and dieldrin in the rainy *** the indicator PCBs analyzed,sediment samples showed the presence of PCB-52,PCB-101 and PCB-118 in the dry and all indicator PCBs in the rainy *** analysis showed that PCBs and detected OCPs were mainly from the historical input of commercial products,but there were recent discharge of DDT and lindane into the river *** risk assessment of the analyzed OCPs and PCBs using water and sediment quality guidelines indicated that lindane in the dry and p’-DDT,p,p’-DDE,p,p’-DDD,heptachlore epoxide and dieldrin in the rainy seasons in the sediment samples from Akaki river and Aba Samuel reservoir were above the limit at most of the *** suggests there is greater possibility of higher ecological hazards in these ***,the levels of total PCB concentrations and other OCPs at all sites were below the limit and thus their potential ecotoxicological risks were rather low.

关键词： Akaki river Organochlorine pesticides Polychlorinated biphenyls Sediment Water

Distribution of total mercury in surface sediments and African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,downstream to the mega-city Addis Ababa,Ethiopia

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Emerging Contaminants 2018年第1期4卷 32-39页

作者： Alemnew Berhanu Kassegne Jonathan O.Okonkwo Tarekegn Berhanu Esho Kebede Nigussie Mekonnen Tshia Malehase Seyoum leta Asfaw Center for Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Chemistry Debre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Environmental Water&Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Nelson Mandela DrivePrivate Bag X680ArcadiaPretoriaSouth Africa Central Research Laboratory Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityP.O.Box 16417AddisAbabaEthiopia Department of Chemistry Tshwane University of TechnologyP.O.Box 56208Arcadia0007South Africa Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational SciencesMekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia

Total mercury(THg)levels were determined in sediment(n=22)and muscle of Clarias gariepinus(n=36)in dry and rainy seasons from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,Ethiopia in *** analyses of THg were performed using cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometer(CV-AAS)after acid digestion *** relationship of THg levels to size of the fish has also been *** THg levels in sediments range from 9.5e43.8 mg/kg dry wt in the dry and 20.6e175.4 mg/kg dry wt in the rainy *** study indicated that the levels of THg in sediments varies spatially and *** both seasons,THg levels increased from upstream to downstream areas,revealing increased anthropogenic inputs of mercury *** was also found that the THg concentrations in all the sediment samples were below the US EPA guideline value of 200 mg/kg dry *** THg levels in Clarias gariepinus were in the range from 360e924 mg/kg dry wt in the dry and 325e1233 mg/kg dry wt in the rainy seasons,and had positive relationship to the total length and body *** THg concentrations found in Clarias gariepinus were within the acceptable guidelines of the FAO/***,the muscle of Clarias gariepinus from the study area is not hazardous to human health with respect to ***,the average value of THg seems to be slightly higher than results reported from other Ethiopian freshwater ***,monitoring of mercury species in sediment and different organs of fish are strongly recommended.

关键词： pollution. mercury upstream

Nitrogen fertilization effects on grain quality of durum wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i>L. var. durum) varieties in central Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 123-130页

作者： leta Gerba Belay Getachew Worku Walelign Awassa College of Agriculture University of Hawassa Awassa Ethiopia Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) The Alliance for Commodity Trade in Eastern and Southern Africa (ACTESA) Lusaka Zambia The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Four released durum wheat varieties, two medium tall (Arsi-Robe and Kilinto) and two recently released semidwarfs (Ude and Yerer) were evaluated under five different N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg·ha-1) in 2005/06 growing season at Akaki and Debre Zeit, central Ethiopia. The quality responses of durum wheat varieties to different N-fertilizer rates and the N responses between tall and short durum wheat varieties were assessed. Protein and gluten content, vitreous kernel count, thousand kernel weight, test weight and lodging were considered. Vitreous kernel count, protein and gluten content were higher at Debre Zeit than at Akaki. Unlike Debre Zeit, there were significant relationships between response variables and fertilizer levels at Akaki. Lodging slightly affected the medium tall varieties at Debre Zeit whereas it was not a problem at Akaki. At Akaki, varieties response to each additional N rate was entirely below the quality standard set by ICC, 2000 except for thousandkernel weight. Therefore, it is unwise to promote durum wheat scaling up/out program for quality production at Akaki.

关键词： Gluten Content N-Fertilization Protein Content Thousand Kernel Weight Test Weight Vitreous Kernel Count

Why do‘OFF’periods still occur during continuous drug delivery in Parkinson’s disease?

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 280-293页

作者： Silvia Rota Daniele Urso Daniel J.van Wamelen Valentina leta Iro Boura Per Odin Alberto J.Espay Peter Jenner K.Ray Chaudhuri Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence King’s College HospitalLondonUK Department of Neuroimaging Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain Department of Clinical Research in NeurologyUniversity of Bari‘Aldo Moro“Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico”73039 TricaseItaly Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourDepartment of NeurologyRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands School of Medicine University of CreteCreteGreece Department of Neurology University Hospital of HeraklionCreteGreece Division of Neurology Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement DisordersDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Life Science and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK.

Continuous drug delivery(CDD)is used in moderately advanced and late-stage Parkinson’s disease(PD)to control motor and non-motor fluctuations(‘OFF’periods).Transdermal rotigotine is indicated for early fluctuations,while subcutaneous apomorphine infusion and levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel are utilised in advanced *** three strategies are considered examples of continuous dopaminergic stimulation achieved through CDD.A central premise of the CDD is to achieve stable control of the parkinsonian motor and non-motor states and avoid emergence of‘OFF’***,data suggest that despite their efficacy in reducing the number and duration of‘OFF’periods,these strategies still do not prevent‘OFF’periods in the middle to late stages of PD,thus contradicting the widely held concepts of continuous drug delivery and continuous dopaminergic *** these emergent‘OFF’periods still occur is *** this review,we analyse the potential reasons for their *** contribution of drug-and device-related involvement,and the problems related to site-specific drug delivery are *** propose that changes in dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic mechanisms in the basal ganglia might render these persistent‘OFF’periods unresponsive to dopaminergic therapy delivered via CDD.

关键词： ‘OFF’periods Continuous drug delivery Continuous dopaminergic stimulation Rotigotine patch Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel

Correlation study of some physico-chemical parameters and benthic macroinvertebrates metrics on the ecological impacts of floriculture industries along Wedecha River, Debrezeit, Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第10期5卷 433-440页

作者： Sisay Misganaw Tamiru Seyoum leta Asfaw Seyoum Mengistu Yilma Department of Development and Environmental Management Studies University of GondarPoBox 196GondarEthiopia College of Natural Science Environmental Science ProgramAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia College of Natural Science Department of Zoological SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia

Objective: To assess the quality of water using biological and chemical information correlation study. Methods: A total of 6 sites, one reference site less impaired to represent natural conditions from upstream, and 5 impaired sites in the downstream were sampled for macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters. Results: In the polluted sites with high nutrient enrichment and organic loading, only organisms with special physiological and morphological adaptations were found, such as Hydrobiidae, Physidae and Viviparidae snails. Physicochemical parameters: electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, sulphate, orthophosphate and nitrate-nitrogen and metrics: percent of Mollusca, percent of Physidae and percent of dominant taxa were used for monitoring, and expected to have strong positive relation with increasing disturbance. Conclusions: Therefore, floriculture industries wastewater discharged to the nearby rivers has enormous effect on the degradation of the ecosystem. To sustain the ecological conditions of the nearby rivers, wastewater treatment and environmental audit were suggested. Environmental assessment and environmental audit enable the floriculturist to keep humans and the environment safe. Taking care of workers, soil, water and the environment has to be seen with great care and caution because it is difficult to maintain a healthy community and carry out development in a degraded environment.

关键词： Macroinvertebrates Physicochemical Water quality Floriculture Wastewater