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Adaptive Partial Task Offloading and Virtual Resource Placement in SDN/NFV-Based Network Softwarization

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 2141-2154页

作者： Prohim Tam sa Math Seokhoon Kim Department of Software Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Computer Software Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea

edge intelligence brings the deployment of applied deep learning(DL)models in edge computing systems to alleviate the core backbone network *** setup of programmable software-defined networking(SDN)control and elastic virtual computing resources within network functions virtualization(NFV)are cooperative for enhancing the applicability of intelligent edge *** offer advancement for multi-dimensional model task offloading in edge networks with SDN/NFV-based control softwarization,this study proposes a DL mechanism to recommend the optimal edge node selection with primary features of congestion windows,link delays,and allocatable bandwidth *** partial task offloading policy considered the DL-based recommendation to modify efficient virtual resource placement for minimizing the completion time and termination drop *** optimization problem of resource placement is tackled by a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based policy following the Markov decision process(MDP).The agent observes the state spaces and applies value-maximized action of available computation resources and adjustable resource allocation *** reward formulation primarily considers taskrequired computing resources and action-applied allocation *** defined policies of resource determination,the orchestration procedure is configured within each virtual network function(VNF)descriptor using topology and orchestration specification for cloud applications(TOSCA)by specifying the allocated *** simulation for the control rule installation is conducted using Mininet and Ryu SDN *** delay and task delivery/drop ratios are used as the key performance metrics.

关键词： Deep learning partial task offloading software-defined networking virtual machine virtual network functions

Tuning the Molecular Structure and Transport Property of[bmim][Tf_(2)N]Using Electric Field

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第4期31卷 1076-1083页

作者： WANG Tao LIU Xiangyang XUE sa LIU Hui HE Maogang Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineeringof MOE School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

In this work,the effects of electric field on the microstructure and transport property of[bmim][Tf_(2)N]were simulated by molecular dynamics method to provide regulating strategy of required ionic *** simulation results showed that[bmim]^(+) and [Tf_(2)N]^(–)move slowly along the positive and negative direction of the electric field,respectively,and anions and cations are still arranging alternatively under weak electric field which has slight influence on the electrostatic force in[bmim][Tf_(2)N].When the electric field is strong,it has significant influence on the electrostatic force of[bmim][Tf_(2)N],which results the aggregation of[bmim]^(+) and [Tf_(2)N]^(–) and the appearance of large hole inside[bmim][Tf_(2)N].In addition,with the increase of electric field intensity,the density of[bmim][Tf_(2)N] increases,which means the free volume inside[bmim][Tf_(2)N]become ***,the thermal conductivity and viscosity exhibit anisotropy.

关键词： ionic liquid molecular structure transport property electric field

Intelligent Resource Allocations for Software-Defined Mission-Critical IoT Services

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 4087-4102页

作者： Chaebeen Nam sa Math Prohim Tam Seokhoon Kim Department of Software Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Computer Software Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea

Heterogeneous Internet of Things(IoT)applications generate a diversity of novelty applications and services in next-generation networks(NGN),which is essential to guarantee end-to-end(E2E)communication resources for both control plane(CP)and data plane(DP).Likewise,the heterogeneous 5th generation(5G)communication applications,including Mobile Broadband Communications(MBBC),massive Machine-Type Commutation(mMTC),and ultra-reliable low latency communications(URLLC),obligate to perform intelligent Quality-of-Service(QoS)Class Identifier(QCI),while the CP entities will be suffered from the complicated massive HIOT ***,the existing management and orchestration(MANO)models are inappropriate for resource utilization and allocation in large-scale and complicated network *** cope with the issues mentioned above,this paper presents an adopted software-defined mobile edge computing(SDMEC)with a lightweight machine learning(ML)algorithm,namely support vector machine(SVM),to enable intelligent MANO for real-time and resource-constraints IoT applications which require lightweight computation ***,the SVM algorithm plays an essential role in performing QCI ***,the software-defined networking(SDN)controller allocates and configures priority resources according to the SVM classification ***,the complementary of SVM and SDMEC conducts intelligent resource MANO for massive QCI environments and meets the perspectives of mission-critical communication with resource constraint *** on the E2E experimentation metrics,the proposed scheme shows remarkable outperformance in key performance indicator(KPI)QoS,including communication reliability,latency,and communication throughput over the various powerful reference methods.

关键词： Mobile edge computing Internet of Things software defined networks traffic classification machine learning resource allocation

Major regulatory mechanisms involved in sperm motility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第1期19卷 5-14页

作者： Rute Pereira Rosalia sa Alberto Barros Mario Sousa Department of Microscopy Laboratory of Cell Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto (ICBAS-UP) Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 2284050-313 Porto Portugal and Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research-UMIB ICBAS-UP Centre for Reproductive Genetics Alberto Barros Av. do Bessa 2401° Dto. Frente 4100-012 Porto Portugal Department of Genetics Faculty of Medicine University of Porto. Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro 4200-319 Porto Portugal and Institute of Health Research an Innovation (13S) University of Porto Portugal.

The genetic bases and molecular mechanisms involved in the assembly and function of the flagellum components as well as in the regulation of the flagellar movement are not fully understood, especially in humans. There are several causes for sperm immotility, of which some can be avoided and corrected, whereas other are related to genetic defects and deserve full investigation to give a diagnosis to patients. This review was performed after an extensive literature search on the online databases PubMed, Sciencedirect, and Web of Science. Here, we review the involvement of regulatory pathways responsible for sperm motility, indicating possible causes for sperm immotility. These included the calcium pathway, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway, the importance of kinases and phosphatases, the function of reactive oxygen species, and how the regulation of cell volume and osmolarity are also fundamental components. We then discuss main gene defects associated with specific morphological abnormalities. Finally, we slightly discuss some preventive and treatments approaches to avoid development of conditions that are associated with unspecified sperm immotility. We believe that in the near future, with the development of more powerful techniques, the genetic causes of sperm immotility and the regulatory mechanisms of sperm motility will be better understand, thus enabling to perform a full diagnosis and uncover new therapies.

关键词： antioxidants calcium membrane channels protein kinases sperm genetic abnormalities sperm motility

Operational guidance for aeration and flow augmentation for the Chicago Area Waterway System—A case study

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 345-358页

作者： Charles S.Melching Jennifer Wasik ed Staudacher Thomas Minarik Melching Water Solutions LLC GreenfieldWI 53221USA Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago ChicagoIL 60611USA Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago CiceroIL 60804USA

The Chicago Area Waterway System(CAWS)is a 133.9 km branching network of navigable waterways controlled by hydraulic structures,in which the majority of the flow is treated wastewater effluent and there are periods of substantial combined sewer *** CAWS comprises a network of effluent dominated *** stringent dissolved oxygen(DO)standards and a reduced flow augmentation allowance have been recently applied to the ***,a carefully calibrated and verified one-dimensional flow and water quality model was applied to the CAWS to determine emission-based real-time control guidelines for the operation of flow augmentation and aeration *** goal of these guidelines was to attain DO standards at least 95%of the ***“optimal”guidelines were tested for representative normal,dry,and wet *** finally proposed guidelines were found in the simulations to attain the 95%target for nearly all locations in the CAWS for the three test *** developed operational guidelines have been applied since 2018 and have shown improved attainment of the DO standards throughout the CAWS while at the same time achieving similar energy use at the aeration stations on the Calumet River system,greatly lowered energy use on the Chicago River system,and greatly lowered discretionary diversion from Lake Michigan,meeting the recently enacted lower amount of allowed annual discretionary *** case study indicates that emission-based real-time control developed from a well calibrated model holds potential to help many receiving water bodies achieve high attainment of water quality standards.

关键词： Water quality modeling Water quality management Real-time control Stream aeration Flow augmentation Dissolved oxygen

A predictive controller for induction motors using an unknown input observer for online rotor resistance estimation and an update technique for load torque

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2013年第3期11卷 367-375页

作者： Hanen CHEHIMI salim HADJ saD Faouzi MsaHLI Department of Electrical Engineering National Engineering School of Monastir

This paper deals with the design of an output feedback predictive controller for induction motors. The fundamental interest of the proposed controller is the capability of decoupling the mechanical speed and the rotor fluxes, without degradation against the variation of rotor resistance and load torque. Hence, the contribution is to apply two estimation procedures in order to achieve this goal. Namely, an unknown input observer （UIO） is used for the constant time estimation whereas a heuristic solution is exploited for the load torque update. Moreover, rotor flux components are recovered as an unavailable state of the system. Effectiveness of the proposed observers and the performance of the controller are confirmed by simulation results.

关键词： Predictive controlle UIO Induction motors Parameters estimation

On the Rayleigh-Plateau instability

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2012年第2期27卷 127-138页

作者： Ali AL Riyabi Mohammed Boutat sad Hilout Laboratoire de Mathématiques Université de PoitiersBoulevard Marie et Pierre CurieTéléport 2BP 3017986962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil cedexFrance

In this paper,we study the surface instability of a cylindrical pore in the absence of *** instability is called the Rayleigh-Plateau *** consider the model developed by Spencer et al.[18],Kirill et al.[10]and Boutat et al.[2]in the case without *** obtain a nonlinear parabolic PDE of order *** show the local existence and uniqueness of the solution of this problem by using Faedo-Galerkin *** main results are the global existence of the solution and the convergence to the mean value of the initial data for long *** tests are also presented in this study.

关键词： parabolic nonlinear partial differential equation initial boundary value problem local solution uniqueness stability.

Multi-Agent Deep Q-Networks for Efficient edge Federated Learning Communications in Software-Defined IoT

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3319-3335页

作者： Prohim Tam sa Math Ahyoung Lee Seokhoon Kim Department of Software Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Computer Science Kennesaw State UniversityMariettaGA 30060USA Department of Computer Software Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea

Federated learning(FL)activates distributed on-device computation techniques to model a better algorithm performance with the interaction of local model updates and global model distributions in aggregation averaging ***,in large-scale heterogeneous Internet of Things(IoT)cellular networks,massive multi-dimensional model update iterations and resource-constrained computation are challenging aspects to be tackled *** paper introduces the system model of converging softwaredefined networking(SDN)and network functions virtualization(NFV)to enable device/resource abstractions and provide NFV-enabled edge FL(eFL)aggregation servers for advancing automation and ***-agent deep Q-networks(MADQNs)target to enforce a self-learning softwarization,optimize resource allocation policies,and advocate computation offloading *** gathered network conditions and resource states,the proposed agent aims to explore various actions for estimating expected longterm rewards in a particular state *** exploration phase,optimal actions for joint resource allocation and offloading decisions in different possible states are obtained by maximum Q-value ***-based virtual network functions(VNF)forwarding graph(VNFFG)is orchestrated to map VNFs towards eFL aggregation server with sufficient communication and computation resources in NFV infrastructure(NFVI).The proposed scheme indicates deficient allocation actions,modifies the VNF backup instances,and reallocates the virtual resource for exploitation *** neural network(DNN)is used as a value function approximator,and epsilongreedy algorithm balances exploration and *** scheme primarily considers the criticalities of FL model services and congestion states to optimize long-term *** results presented the outperformance of the proposed scheme over reference schemes in terms of Quality of Service(QoS)performance metrics,including packet

关键词： Deep Q-networks federated learning network functions virtualization quality of service software-defined networking

A Lightweight Blockchain for IoT in Smart City (IoT-SmartChain)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 2687-2703页

作者： Zakariae Dlimi Abdellah Ezzati saïd Ben Alla Hassan First University of Settat FacultéSciences et TechniqueLAVETESettat26000Morocco

The smart city is a technological framework that connects the city’s different components to create new *** connection is possible with the help of the Internet of Things(IoT),which provides a digital personality to physical *** studies have proposed integrating Blockchain technology with IoT in different use cases as access,orchestration,or replicated storage *** majority of connected objects’capacity limitation makes the use of Blockchain inadequate due to its redundancy and its conventional processing-intensive consensus like *** paper addresses these challenges by proposing a NOVEL model of a lightweight Blockchain framework(IoT-SmartChain),with a lightweight consensus and a lightweight *** framework architecture presents a role hierarchy of connected objects according to their computational and storage *** organization allows all things to be linked even indirectly via different interfaces and to benefit from the power of high-capacity objects such as Fog and edge computing *** is validated and added to the blockchain ledger by running a lightweight consensus called Proof of Random Participation(PoRP),which reduces the blockchain nodes’high computing power *** TOPIC subscription-based data storage strategy called Assisted Selected Relevant Data in Local Ledger(ASRDLL)reduces the data size of a node’s local ledger and the entire network’s data *** strategy is assisted by a centralized algorithm that optimizes the overall network size by adjusting the choice of *** storage capacity,computational power,and energy consumption have been evaluated by a proof of concept implementation under NodeJS.

关键词： Smart city Internet of Things blockchain lightweight consensus lightweight ledger Iot-SmartChain