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Intragroup social dynamics vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： Jennifer k. Hellmann Ian M. Ha.ilton Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Jennifer k. Hellmann Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, sta.ilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly prima.ily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph model Neolamprologus pulcher network

Effect of Notoginsenoside-Rg_1 on the Expression of Several Proteins in the Striatum of Rat Models with Parkinson′s Disease

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2006年第2期22卷 139-144页

作者： ZHANG Lin-bo LIU Xiao-hua JIANG Yuan GUO Ping sha Li-jin LI Yu Institute of Mycology College of Biotechnology Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China

After establishing hemi-Parkinsonian rat models, the relationships between neuron death and the expression of several proteins, such as c-Fos, GFAP, GDNF, NF-κB and some cytokines were determined. Therapeutics experiments with notoginsenoside-Rg1 were carried out. The research results show that the expressions of GFAP, NF-kκ and c-Fos will obviously increase in the lesion side of the striatum and the expression of GDNF will decrease, which implies that the signal transduction pathway may participate in the apoptosis in neurons. The levels of some cytokines such as TNF-α, il-1β in the striatum of PD rat models increased compared to those of normal rats. The results of the therapeutics experiments show that notoginsenoside-Rg1 may repress the immune inflammation response and regulate the immune function through the neuro-immune molecular network. Therefore, notoginsenoside-Rg1 can be used as an effective drug for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and can be used in the therapy of Parkinson＇s disease（PD）.

关键词： Parkinson's disease Notoginsenoside-Rg1 Neuro-immune molecular network

Early Paleogene stratigraphic sequences,mammalian evolution and its response to environmental changes in Erlian Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第12期53卷 1918-1926页

作者： Christopher k.BEARD Daniel L.GEBO Section of Vertebrate Paleontology Carnegie Museum of Natural History4400 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPA 15213USA Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA

Paleogene strata in the Huheboerhe area,Erlian Basin,Inner Mongolia,China have been subdivided into three lithological units:the Nomogen Formation,the Arshanto Formation,and the Irdin manha *** least 12 mammal-bearing horizons have been recognized in these formations,of which 4 in the Nomogen Formation,6 in the Arshanto Formation,and 2 in the Irdin manha *** investigation proved that the "Houldjin Formation" recognized in this area by the Central Asiatic Expeditions(CAE) of the American Museum Natural History in the 1920s is actually the Irdin manha Formation,while the "Irdin manha Formation" of CAE is the Arshanto Formation.A recent paleomagnetic study suggests that the upper part of the Nomogen Formation is early Eocene in age and the Arshanto Formation is mainly early Eocene rather than middle Eocene as previously *** Gashatan,Bumbanian,and Arshantan land mammal ages are correlated respectively to the Thanetian,the early Ypresian,and the middle Ypresian through earliest Lutetian of the Geological Time *** land mammal ages are also correlated with the late Tiffanian through Clarkforkian,the early Wasatchian,and the middle-late Wasatchian and most of the Bridgerian of the North American Land mammal *** the early Paleogene,the mammalian history of the Erlian Basin was dominated by the appearance of new mammalian fa.ilies and the replacement of a variety of genera and species,corresponding to the gradual climatic changes during this time *** abrupt emergence of several modern mammalian orders at the beginning of the Eocene is probably related to extreme climatic warming in relation to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal maximum.

关键词： Erlian Basin Paleogene mammal faunal turnover biochronology environmental response

Estimating Age in Short Utterances Based on Multi-Class Classification Approach

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Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 1713-1729页

作者： Ameer A.Badr Alia k.Abdul-Hassan College of managerial and Financial Sciences Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq UniversitySalahaddinIraq Department of Computer Science University of TechnologyBaghdadIraq

Age estimation in short speech utterances finds many applications in daily life like human-robot interaction,custom call routing,targeted marketing,user-profiling,*** the comprehensive studies carried out to extract descriptive features,the estimation errors(***)are still *** this study,an automatic system is proposed to estimate age in short speech utterances without depending on the text as well as the ***,four groups of features are extracted from each utterance frame using hybrid techniques and *** that,10 statistical functionals are measured for each extracted feature ***,the extracted feature dimensions are normalized and reduced using the Quantile method and the Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA)method,***,the speaker’s age is estimated based on a multi-class classification approach by using the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)*** have been carried out on the TIMIT dataset to measure the performance of the proposed *** Mean Absolute Error(maE)of the suggested system is 4.68 years,and 4.98 years,the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)is 8.05 and 6.97,respectively,for female and male *** results show a clear relative improvement in terms of maE up to 28%and 10%for female and male speakers,respectively,in comparison to related works that utilized the TIMIT dataset.

关键词： Speaker age estimation XGBoost statistical functionals Quantile normalization LDA TIMIT dataset

An accelerated k-means clustering algorithm using selection and erasure rules

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2012年第10期13卷 761-768页

作者： Suiang-Shyan LEE ja-Chen LIN Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University

The k-means method is a well-known clustering algorithm with an extensive range of applications,such as biological classification,disease analysis,data mining,and image ***,the plain k-means method is not fast when the number of clusters or the number of data points becomes large.A modified k-means algorithm was presented by Fahim et al.(2006).The modified algorithm produced clusters whose mean square error was very similar to that of the plain k-means,but the execution time was *** this study,we try to further increase its *** are two rules in our method:a selection rule,used to acquire a good candidate as the initial center to be checked,and an erasure rule,used to delete one or many unqualified centers each time a specified condition is *** clustering results are identical to those of Fahim et al.(2006).However,our method further cuts computation time when the number of clusters *** mathematical reasoning used in our design is included.

关键词： k-means clustering Acceleration Vector quantization Selection Erasure

Soldera.ility of Electrodeposited Fe-Ni Alloys with Eutectic SnAgCu Solder

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2007年第6期23卷 811-816页

作者： Jianjun GUO Lei ZHANG Aiping XIAN J.k.shang Sh-enyang National Laboratory for materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Department of materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA

Soldera.ilities of electrodeposited Fe-Ni alloys with SnAgCu solder were examined by wetting balance measurements and compared to those of pure Ni and pure Fe platings. Excellent soldera.ility was found on the Ni-52Fe plating as both the wetting force and kinetics approached or exceeded those on the pure Ni. However, upon further increase in Fe content to 75 at. pct, the soldera.ility of the alloy was severely degraded even though it was still better than that of the pure Fe plating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that such a strong dependence of soldera.ility on Fe content is related to the much thinner, incomplete oxide coverage of Ni-rich plating surface.

关键词： Soldera.ility FeNi alloys Lead-free solders Wetting

Ionic liquid catalyzed solvent-free synthesis of chalcone and its derivatives under mild conditions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第5期34卷 160-166页

作者： Qiu Zhao Gang Wang Fuxia Liao Yifan sha Fei Xu Chunshan Li Zengxi Li Yijun Cao School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsBeijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean ProcessInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

An ionic liquid(il)catalyzed solvent-free process was developed for the direct synthesis of chalcone and its derivatives by using substituted acetophenones and benzaldehydes via aldol reaction under mild conditions.A series of acidic and basic ils were selected and *** influences of cations and reaction conditions on product yield and selectivity were systematically ***[Bmim]OH was identified as the optimal il,with the highest yield and selectivity reaching up to 96.7% and 100%,respectively.A reaction mechanism-based kinetic model was established and regressed with experimental data,revealing the β-Hydroxylketone dehydrolysis with activation barrier of 37.8 kJ·mol^(-1) was observed as the ratecontrolling step.

关键词： Ionic liquid Chalcone Aldol reaction kinetic model

il-1 β genesis: the art of regulating the regulator

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第11期15卷 998-1000页

作者： Priya Gupta manoj k.Barthwal Pharmacology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow226031UPIndia

In a study published in Cellular and Molecular Immunology,Singh et *** a new mechanism of monocyte il-1βproduction.1 It was observed that TLR-4-and TLR-2-induced IRAk-ERk pathway cross-talk with p67phox-Nox-2 for reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,thus regulating il-1βtranscription and processing in *** study not only establishes a direct link between IRAk and ERk,but also demonstrates the regulation of p67phox-Nox-2 by ERk for ROS and il-1βproduction(Fig.1).This study shows that the IRAk-ERk axis can regulate both il-βtranscription and processing through ROS.

关键词： al. Immunology Singh

Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders:A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第26期28卷 3047-3062页

作者： Risha Ganguly Ashutosh Gupta Abhay k Pandey Department of Biochemistry University of AllahabadAllahabad(Prayagraj)211002Uttar PradeshIndia

Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis,which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine.A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant,anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,cardio-protective,hepatoprotective,renal protective,and neuroprotective *** is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota,which is further reconverted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the *** studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis,xenobiotic-induced liver injury,fatty liver disease,viral hepatitis,cholestasis,ulcerative colitis,hepatocellular and colorectal *** in vitro and in vivo examinations,it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abnormalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B,transforming growth factor beta 1/SmaD3,sirtuin 1,p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase/janus kinase,and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase ***,baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin,connective tissue growth factor,β-catenin,and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma,interleukin-6(il-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and il-1β,and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3,caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma ***,due to its low solubility and poor bioavaila.ility,widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a *** review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota.

关键词： Baicalin Biotransformation Gut microbiota Hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders Signaling pathways