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An Overview of Adolescent Pregnancy in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第11期12卷 1191-1201页

作者： Christiane Jivir Fomu Nsahlai Claude-Audrey Meguieze Fatimatouz Zahra’ou Esther Ngo Um Meka Eric Nseme Etouckey Marie therese Abena Obama Obstetrics and Gynecology Essos Hospital Centre Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologist Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is high risk and every area should have data specific to it. We here attempted to determine the characteristics of adolescent pregnancy in Cameroon, with special reference to antenatal care (ANC). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in four secondary level hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon from March to May 2022. Our study included adolescent pregnant females between ages 10 and 19 who received prenatal/post-partum care at these facilities. Results: We studied 101 adolescent pregnant females (pregnant or post-partum). The mean age was 17.6 ± 1.3 years. Most of them were single, Christian, had a secondary level of education, lived in a two-parent home and were from the Central region. ANC was provided by midwives for most of them but prenatal work-up was not done most of the time. Overall quality of ANC was considered poor. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnant females were mainly high-school students and lived at home with both parents. ANC quality was considered poor. These data may be important to improve reproductive health care and may be generalizable to some extent.

关键词： Adolescent Antenatal Care Yaoundé

酒精和精神兴奋剂依赖的遗传药理学治疗(英文)

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中国药物依赖性杂志 2009年第4期18卷 241-248,282页

作者： Thomas R.KOSTEN therese KOSTEN Colin HAILE Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine

遗传药理学使用基因检测的方法预测药物治疗对酒精或阿片类物质依赖患者个体的有效性。酒精和阿片类物质产生强化效应和依赖的共同神经生物学基础是增加β-内啡肽释放。酒精和阿片类物质引起的生理和主观效应都与β-内啡肽和μ阿片受体... 详细信息

遗传药理学使用基因检测的方法预测药物治疗对酒精或阿片类物质依赖患者个体的有效性。酒精和阿片类物质产生强化效应和依赖的共同神经生物学基础是增加β-内啡肽释放。酒精和阿片类物质引起的生理和主观效应都与β-内啡肽和μ阿片受体有密切的关系。纳曲酮治疗是一种对酒精和阿片依赖均有效的治疗方法,其能增加β-内啡肽的基础释放量,从而抑制酒精引起的β-内啡肽进一步释放。纳曲酮在治疗酒精依赖中的作用被认为与μ阿片受体基因(Al18G)的功能性单核苷酸多态性(SNP)有关。具有这种单核苷酸多态性的酒精依赖患者使用纳曲酮治疗后复发率低。这种单核苷酸多态性在中国北方人中较为常见,因此提示了纳曲酮治疗酒精依赖在中国的重要性。另一个与精神活性物质或其他药物依赖相关的重要基因多态性多发生于编码多巴胺β-羟化酶(DβH)基因的启动子区域。这种基因多态性可导致多巴胺β-羟化酶水平降低10 -100倍,使神经元中的多巴胺转化为去甲肾上腺素。多巴胺β-羟化酶水平正常的精神活性物质依赖患者采用多巴胺β-羟化酶抑制剂治疗能明显减少药物滥用,而多巴胺β-羟化酶水平低的患者采用该疗法治疗无效。遗传药理学在改善治疗效果方面有巨大的潜力。我们已经鉴别出能影响药效学和药代动力学因素的基因变异体。这些变异能够指导药物治疗的选择,使酒精和精神活性物质滥用患者得到最优化的治疗,降低戒断后的复吸率。

关键词：遗传药理学治疗酒精兴奋剂

The status of Eustachian tube balloon dilations in Nordic countries

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第3期5卷 148-151页

作者： Juha T.Silvola Saku T.Sinkkonen Jens Wanscher Eva Westman Niels H.Holm therese Ovesen Akershus University Hospital ENT Dept.and Campus AhusUniversity of OsloNorway Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Head and Neck CenterHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Odense University Hospital ENT Dept.OdenseDenmark University of Ume(a) Dept.of Clinical ScienceENTSite SundsvallUme(a)Sweden Region Hospital West Jutland ENT DepartmentHolstebro Denmark University of Aarhus Dept.of Clinical MedicineAarhusDenmark

There is no unanimous consensus for indications of eustachian tube balloon dilation(ETBD).Nordic countries have relatively similar hospital organizations and treatment ***,it was logical to organize a consensus meeting of *** symposium:Nordic Experiences on Eustachian Tube Balloon Dilation,in Copenhagen,30-31 March,*** panellists from Denmark,Finland,Norway and Sweden and the attendees of the meeting agreed a consensus on the following issues:Candidates,Definition of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction,Diagnostic Work up,Differential Diagnosis,Contraindications,ETBD Procedure,Complications,Follow-up,and *** article also presents the status for ETBD in each of these *** the consensus statement has been discussed in the national societies and meetings for ear surgeons in each of these *** can be assumed that surgeons in the hospitals of these Nordic countries generally follow the recommendations from the consensus meeting.

关键词： Eustachian tube Eustachian tube dysfunction Balloon dilation Nordic consensus

Non-Participation in Child Health Days or Routine Immunization Services among Children under 5 Years of Age—Somaliland 2012

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World Journal of Vaccines 2014年第1期4卷 11-17页

作者： Charles Kinuthia Marie therese Baranyikwa Khadar M. Ahmed Awil Haji Ali Assegid T. Kebede John Agbor David W. Brown Consultant to the UNICEF Somalia Support Center Nairobi Kenya Somaliland Ministry of Health Hargeisa Somaliland UNICEF Somalia Support Center Nairobi UNICEF Somalia Support Center Nairobi Kenya UNICEF Hargeisa Somaliland UNICEF New York USA WHO Somalia Nairobi Kenya

Background: After two decades of conflict, Somalia remains a fragile state where large scale displacement and inadequate access to functioning health services have left children vulnerable to morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable disease. Children residing in the autonomous zone of Somaliland are similarly vulnerable to poor access to health care services. Following the conduct of a UNICEF-supported Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in Somaliland during 2011 which captured information on immunization system performance, a survey was conducted to better understand the reasons for non-vaccination among children in Somaliland. Methods: The Somaliland Routine Immunization Non-Participation Survey (RINPS) was conducted in November 2012 to better understand the reasons for non-participation in both Child Health Days (CHDs) and Routine Immunization Services (RIS). RINPS was a cross-sectional household survey which used a two-stage sample design in order to obtain a representative sample of children 0 - 59 months of age residing in Somaliland. Thirty clusters were randomly selected from the 303 clusters for participation in the 2011 Somaliland MICS. A total of 867 children aged 0 - 59 months were identified and included in the analysis (overall response rate, 96%). Findings: Caregivers lacked motivation to take their children to CHDs and for RIS and lacked information about why children need immunization. Routine vaccination or CHD cards were available for few children at the time of the survey. Almost one-fifth of children aged 0 - 59 months in Somaliland had not received at least one dose of vaccine for DTP, polio or measles vaccine from either CHD or RIS. Conclusion: Child Health Days have a role in at least some area of Somaliland to expand the reach of immunization services. The availability and delivery of sustainable routine immunization services need to be strengthened in Somaliland with a strong social mobilization program to raise awareness about the im

关键词： Immunization Routine Immunization Child Health Day Survey Somaliland

社区卫生委员会——公众参与基层卫生服务管理机制探讨

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中华医院管理杂志 2010年第4期26卷 286-289页

作者：周驰周旭东姜敏敏马伟杭郑凯航朱伟星 therese Hesketh 李鲁浙江大学社会医学研究所 310058 浙江师范大学公共管理学院浙江省医学会英国伦敦大学学院

社区卫生委员会作为基层卫生服务管理的一种公众参与机制，通过建立自下而上的卫生社情民意沟通渠道和社区卫生监督体系，让社区居民（村民）参与基层卫生的决策和管理，改变自上而下的传统卫生管理模式，改善基层医疗服务，提高政府的... 详细信息

社区卫生委员会作为基层卫生服务管理的一种公众参与机制，通过建立自下而上的卫生社情民意沟通渠道和社区卫生监督体系，让社区居民（村民）参与基层卫生的决策和管理，改变自上而下的传统卫生管理模式，改善基层医疗服务，提高政府的治理能力。文章介绍了浙江GTF项目县社区卫生委员会运作情况，分析了这项试点的初步成效和创新经验，探索了社区居民参与基层卫生服务管理的新机制和新模式。

关键词：社区卫生委员会公众参与治理模式

Religion and “Zero-Dose” Vaccination Status in Children Aged 12 to 23 Months in Benin and Togo: “Evidence of Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys”

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 306-327页

作者： Nyulelen Toyi Mangbassim Alphonse Kpozehouen Jacques Zinsou Saizonou Nicolas Gaffan Aissata Ba Sidibe Marie therese Guigui Yaovi Temfan Toke Dadja Essoya Landoh Assima-Essodom Kalao Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Regional Institute of Public Health of Ouidah University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Health Policy and Systems Department Regional Institute of Public Health of Ouidah University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin UNICEF Country Office of Togo Lome Togo World Health Organization Country Office of Togo Lome Togo Ministry of Health Public Hygiene and Universal Access to Care Lome Togo

Introduction: The relationship between religion and health has been a topic of interest in the past, and in recent years it has become increasingly visible in the social, behavioural, and health sciences. This work aims to study the influence of religion on the “zero-dose” vaccination status of children aged 12 - 23 months in Benin and Togo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which consisted in carrying out secondary analyzes using the databases of the most recent editions of the Demographic and Health Surveys in Benin and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) in Togo. We extracted data concerning the vaccination status (“1 = zero-dose”, “0 = vaccinated”) of the children, the religious affiliation of the head of the household or the mother and other variables related to the child, the mother, the household and the environment. By means of a logistic regression, the adjusted effect of the religious affiliation of the head of the household or of the mother on the vaccination status at “zero-dose” was determined. Results: A total of 2430 and 933 children were respectively included in the study on behalf of Benin and Togo. The prevalence of “zero-dose” vaccination status in children aged 12 - 23 months was 33.91% (95% CI = 31.67 - 36.23) in Benin and this prevalence was 26.88% (95% CI = 23.50 - 30.55) in Togo. In Benin, there is no evidence in favour of the influence of the religious affiliation of the mother on the “zero-dose” vaccination status of children. In Togo, children living in households whose head was Muslim (ORa = 3.44;95% CI = 1.29 - 9.13) were more likely to be “zero-dose” than those coming from households run by individuals with no religious beliefs. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand the basis for the excess risk of “zero-dose” vaccination status in children that appears to be associated with the Muslim religion.

关键词： Vaccination “Zero-Dose” Children Religion Evidence DHS MICS Benin Togo

Geological,Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of Pyrite Deposits in the Eastern Part of Douala Sub-Basin(Cameroon,Central Africa)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第8期6卷 882-893页

作者： Gilbert Francois Ngon Ngon Pierre Steve Abomo Michel Bertrand Mbog Andre Mbabi Bitchong Joel Simon Mbai therese Valerie Ngonlep Minyemeck Rose Yongue Fouateu Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment Department of Earth SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon Laboratory of Applied Geology-Metallogeny Department of Earth SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon

Pyrite deposit of pK27, Douala sub-basin (Cameroon, Central Africa) was studied in a tropical forest setting physically and using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) in order to characterize the mineralization for his industrial utilization. The sedimentary materials from the pyrite deposit were grouped into five (05) main lithofacies, including four claystone facies and one conglomeratic facies. The mineralization occurs along the low slopes of valleys in?light grey claystone facies situated on the bottom of outcrops with 80 to 200 cm thickness. The?particle size distribution of clayey materials host rocks shows that they are essentially constituted of clay and silts fractions. However, their Sorting index (So) more than 4.5 corresponds to poorly sorted sediments and the torrential type;whereas their Coefficient of asymmetry (A) more than 1?indicates that the sorting is carried out towards fine particles. Macroscopically, pyrite in these?materials is in crumbly and consolidated piles with aggregate pyrites in oolithic concretions, and?globular, cubic, octaedric, massive and fossiliferous forms. The mineralogical compositions of?these clayey materials indicate that they are essentially kaolinitic and illitic, followed by goethite, quartz, pyrite, halloysite, anatase and rutile with hematite as accessory minerals. Pyrite in sand fractions is associated with kyanite, grenat, rutile, diopside, muscovite and tourmaline the minerals which?recognize the regional metamorphism. However, the specific chemical signature of SO3content?high in clayey materials and abundant (50.86% - 57.64% SO3) in pyrite is characteristic of the pK27 pyritic formations in the eastern part of Douala sub-basin. Moreover, the Co:Ni ratios of pyrites approximately 0.25 to 0.8 are characteristic of sedimentary pyrites and also suggest an anoxic environment.

关键词： Douala Sub-Basin Geochemical Geological Mineralogical Pyrite Deposits

Dickkopf-1 Is Associated with Periarticular Bone Loss in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2013年第4期3卷 216-220页

作者： Berit Grandaunet Silje Watterdal Syversen Mari Hoff Glenn Haugeberg Désirée van der Heijde Tore K. Kvien therese Standal Centre of Excellence for Molecular Inflammation Research Trondheim Norway. Depart- ment of Neuroscience Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Department of Rhe- umatology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands Department of Rheumatology Diakonhjemmet Hospital Oslo Norway KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway

Objective: To examine whether cytokines shown to suppress osteoblasts, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), are associated with periarticular bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: RA patients with short disease duration were prospectively followed and hand bone mineral density was assessed by digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) at baseline and after 1, 2 and 5 years. Plasma samples collected at baseline from 136 of the included patients were analyzed for HGF and DKK1. Group comparisons, correlation analyses and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between baseline cytokine levels and DXR-BMD. Results: Patients with hand bone loss after 1 year had significantly higher baseline plasma levels of DKK1 than patients without bone loss. Patients with periarticular bone loss after 2 and 5 years had significantly higher baseline plasma levels of HGF. Baseline DKK1 but not HGF levels were independently associated with periarticular bone loss after 1 year. Conclusion: High serum levels of DKK1 are weakly but independently associated with periarticular bone loss in RA. The importance of DKK1 and HGF for loss of periarticular bone needs to be defined in future studies.

关键词： Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoporosis Osteoblast DKK1 HGF

颈动脉狭窄的筛查--美国预防服务特别工作组对证据的更新

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国际脑血管病杂志 2009年第6期17卷 406-416页

作者： Tracy Wolff Janelle Guirguis-Blake therese Miller Michael Gillespie Russell Harris 陈兆耀(译) 徐格林(译) 不详南京军区南京总医院神经内科 210002

背景在美国，脑血管病是导致死亡的第3位原因。在所有卒中病例中，由既往无症状颈动脉狭窄（carotid artery stenosis，CAS）造成的比例并不高。1996年，美国预防服务特别工作组得出结论，没有充分的证据推荐或反对通过体格检查或颈动... 详细信息

背景在美国，脑血管病是导致死亡的第3位原因。在所有卒中病例中，由既往无症状颈动脉狭窄（carotid artery stenosis，CAS）造成的比例并不高。1996年，美国预防服务特别工作组得出结论，没有充分的证据推荐或反对通过体格检查或颈动脉超声在无症状患者中对CAS进行筛查。目的评估采用双功能超声对无症状患者进行筛查以及应用颈动脉内膜切除术（carotid erdarterectomy,CEA）对CAS进行治疗的利弊。数据来源Medline和Cochrane数据库（检索日期为1994年1月-2007年4月）、最近的系统评价、检索文章的参考文献以及专家的建议。研究选择选择对CAS进行筛查的英文随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial，RCT）、对CEA与药物治疗进行比较的RCT、筛查试验的系统评价以及对CEA害处的观察性研究，以回答下列问题：是否有直接证据表明使用超声筛查无症状CAS能降低卒中风险？超声检测CAS的准确性如何？CEA治疗能否降低卒中残疾率或病死率？CAS筛查或CEA治疗是否会给患者带来伤害？数据提取使用预先确定的特殊工作组标准，对所有研究进行评估、提炼和质量评定。数据综合至今尚未进行过CAS筛查的Rcr。根据系统评价，超声检测CAS的敏感性约为94％，特异性约为92％。在经过选择的患者中由选定的外科医生进行手术治疗可使5年卒中风险降低约5％。在RCT中，CEA的30d卒中和死亡发生率为2．7％～4．7％，而在观察性研究中的发生率更高（高达6．7％）。局限性证据不足以对有临床意义的CAS进行风险分层。对患者行CEA与药物治疗相比较的Rcr是在经过选择的人群中由特定的外科医生实施的。结论对无症状患者进行CAS筛查以及进行CEA治疗造成的实际卒中风险降低率尚不清楚；由于整个无症状人群中可治疗疾病的总体患病率不高且治疗会造成一定的害处，因此筛查的益处受到限制。

关键词：颈动脉狭窄颈动脉内膜切除术支架超声检查,多普勒,双功能普查循证医学卒中预防