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使用小震记录模拟大地震的强运动:洛马普列塔主震试验情况

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世界地震译丛 1998年第2期29卷 41-55页

作者： a.frankel 吕培苓杨满栋国家地震局分析预报中心

发展了一种用小震记录求和和滤波预报特定地点未来大地震地面运动的简便方法,并用洛马普列塔地震(M=7.0)同一地点的余震(M=3.7～4.0)记录模拟主震强运动试验了这一方法。选用凹凸体破裂模型,其中断层面上平均的均方根应力降不随地震矩... 详细信息

发展了一种用小震记录求和和滤波预报特定地点未来大地震地面运动的简便方法,并用洛马普列塔地震(M=7.0)同一地点的余震(M=3.7～4.0)记录模拟主震强运动试验了这一方法。选用凹凸体破裂模型,其中断层面上平均的均方根应力降不随地震矩改变而改变。观测谱表明从3级余震直到7级主震的应力降均不变,而地震矩相差约6个量级。每次模拟对一个个余震图引入与传播破裂相对应的时间延迟后求和,并体现方向性和场地响应。模拟方法遵循常数应力降和振幅谱ω^(-2)滚降模型。当与主震滑动速度函数褶积时,余震拐角频率以上的余震和高频能量不减少,这和早期的求和方法有所不司。尽管每次模拟只用一个余震波形,但大多数情况是模拟的主震记录谱(0.6～20Hz)、峰值加速度以及持续时间与观测的强运动记录比较符合。这种一致性表明:主层的场地响应在加速度约0.3g以内保持基本线性特征。求和余震记录表明具有和主震记录一样的依赖于场地的f_(max)值。因此,f_(max)是场地效应,不是主破裂过程的特征。

关键词：地震小震记录大地震模拟地震活动地震试验

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真实利率偏低致商品价格高企

财经 2008年第7期 90-90页

作者：杰弗里·弗兰克尔(Jeffrey a.frankel) 哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院教授

大宗商品价格自2001年以来的全面高企趋势，被普遍认为是由中国、印度等国经济高速增长推动的。

关键词：大宗商品价格真实利率经济高速增长

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重新评估新马德里地震带

世界地震译丛 2002年第3期33卷 35-40页

作者： G．Atkinson B．Bakun P.Bodin D．Boore C．Cramer a.frankel P.Gasperini J．Gomberg T.Hanks B．Heermann S．Hough A．Johnston S．Kenner C．Langston M．Linker P.Mayne M．Petersen C．Powell W.Prescott E．Schweig P.Segall S．Stein B．Stuart M．Tuttle R．VanArsdale 米宏亮王立新李娟吴建平不详中国地震局分析预报中心

以新马德里地震带(以下简称NMSZ,图1)而知名的美国大陆中部地区,尽管远离板块边界,但却频繁发生特大地震,其发震机制一直是个未解之谜。NMSZ地区并没有大多数活动形变地区构造运动特征的显著地形起伏,但当面对该整个地区地震危险性在某... 详细信息

以新马德里地震带(以下简称NMSZ,图1)而知名的美国大陆中部地区,尽管远离板块边界,但却频繁发生特大地震,其发震机制一直是个未解之谜。NMSZ地区并没有大多数活动形变地区构造运动特征的显著地形起伏,但当面对该整个地区地震危险性在某些概率水平上可以与旧金山湾地区相比的证据时,我们多数人感到需要“拧自己一下以看看我们是否在做梦”。尽管在很多方面,评估NMSZ地区的危险性比评价美国西部地区更具挑战性,不确定性更大,但经过细致地科学研究,已经在地震危险性评估的最关键问题上达成了共识。 [这里给出的一致性看法反映了美国地质调查局和美国中部地震中心(一个由国家科学基金会资助的大学协会组织)2000年1月主办的一次讨论会上与会的二十几位科学家在会上及会后在国际互联网和专业会议上公开发表的一些看法。]

关键词：地震危险性评估新马德里大地震地震带

Term-Dependent Confidence Normalisation for Out-of-Vocabulary Spoken Term Detection

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第2期27卷 358-375页

作者： Javier Tejedo Simon King Joe frankel Centre for Speech Technology Research University of Edinburgh10 Crichton Street Human Computer Technology Laboratory (HCTLab) School of Computer Engineering and Telecommunication University Autonomous of MadridAvenue Francisco Tomás y Valiente 1128049MadridSpain

An important component of a spoken term detection （STD） system involves estimating confidence measures of hypothesised detections.A potential problem of the widely used lattice-based confidence estimation,however,is that the confidence scores are treated uniformly for all search terms,regardless of how much they may differ in terms of phonetic or linguistic *** problem is particularly evident for out-of-vocabulary （OOV） terms which tend to exhibit high intra-term *** address the impact of term diversity on confidence measures,we propose in this work a term-dependent normalisation technique which compensates for term diversity in confidence *** first derive an evaluation-metric-oriented normalisation that optimises the evaluation metric by compensating for the diverse occurrence rates among terms,and then propose a linear bias compensation and a discriminative compensation to deal with the bias problem that is inherent in lattice-based confidence measurement and from which the Term Specific Threshold （TST） approach *** tested the proposed technique on speech data from the multi-party meeting domain with two state-ofthe-art STD systems based on phonemes and words *** experimental results demonstrate that the confidence normalisation approach leads to a significant performance improvement in STD,particularly for OOV terms with phonemebased systems.

关键词： confidence estimation discriminative model spoken term detection speech recognition

The discovery of magnetotactic/magnetosensitive bacteria

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第1期27卷 1-2页

作者： Richard B. frankel Department of Physics California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo

Magnetotactic bacteria orient and migrate along magnetic field lines in aquatic habitats. The first paper on this phenomenon was written by Richard P. Blakemore （Blakemore, 1975; 1982）.

关键词： magnetotaxis magnetosensitivity bacteria discovery

New Sensor Concepts for Enhancing Heat Treatment Processes and Analysis

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 443-446页

作者： Jay I. frankel Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering Department University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA

The need for developing accurate quenching models requires an extensive experimental database that includes surface heat flux characterization. Quantification of the quenching process permits i) the development of high-quality heat treated products, ii) the evaluation of new quenchants and quenchant systems, and iii) the evaluation of quenchant quality over usage time. The surface heat transfer coefficient (or heat flux) is rarely measured, calculated or modeled in sufficient detail for real scientific use. Many single-thermocouple based probes are designed for the purpose of measuring the cooling power of a liquid quenchant or for monitoring quenchant quality. Lumped based probes are sufficient for these types of applications. However, the lack of sufficient distributed detail impedes the development of future high-quality heat-treated products. frankel and his coworkers are developing a new family of transient thermal-rate sensors that will improve both diagnostic and real-time analyzes in heat transfer studies. Analyzes have been performed indicating that there exists a novel, thermal-rate sensor hierarchy that stabilizes predictions when used with analysis. This concept can be used for investigating both (i) direct surface heat transfer effects, and (ii) projective surface analysis based on embedded sensors. This new sensor family includes the ability to measure temperature, T; heat flux, q"; and their temporal derivatives, i.e., dT/dt, d^T/dt2 and dq’Vdt.

关键词：传感器热处理热通量传热系数

IFNγsignaling integrity in colorectal cancer immunity and immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第1期19卷 23-32页

作者： Wan Du Timothy L.frankel Michael Green Weiping Zou Department of Surgery University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Rogel Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Radiation Oncology University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA Graduate Programs in Immunology University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA Tumor Biology University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Pathology University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA

The majority of colorectal cancer patients are not responsive to immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).The interferon gamma(IFNγ)signaling pathway drives spontaneous and ICB-induced antitumor *** this review,we summarize recent advances in the epigenetic,genetic,and functional integrity of the IFNγsignaling pathway in the colorectal cancer microenvironment and its immunological relevance in the therapeutic efficacy of and resistance to ***,we discuss how to target IFNγsignaling to inform novel clinical trials to treat patients with colorectal cancer.

关键词： IFNGR Interferon MHC Palmitoylation T cell EZH2 ARID1A PD-1 PD-L1 Apoptosis Ferroptosis Colorectal cancer Immunity

A Pressure-Correction Scheme for Rotational Navier-Stokes Equations and Its Application to Rotating Turbulent Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第3期9卷 740-755页

作者： Dinesh A.Shetty Jie Shen Abhilash J.Chandy Steven H.frankel School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA School of Mathematical Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Department of Mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AkronAkronOH 44325USA

The rotational incremental pressure-correction(RIPC)scheme,described in Timmermans et al.[***.,22(1996)]and Shen et al.[***.,73(2003)]for non-rotational Navier-Stokes equations,is extended to rotating incompressible *** method is implemented in the context of a pseudo Fourier-spectral code and applied to several rotating laminar and turbulent *** performance of the scheme and the computational results are compared to the socalled diagonalization method(DM)developed by Morinishi et al.[***.,22(2001)].The RIPC predictions are in excellent agreement with the DM predictions,while being simpler to implement and computationally more *** RIPC scheme is not in anyway limited to implementation in a pseudo-spectral code or periodic boundary conditions,and can be used in complex geometries and with other suitable boundary conditions.

关键词： Rotating turbulent flow pressure-correction Navier-Stokes equations Fourier-spectral method

China Is Not yet Number One

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第1期10卷 1-6页

作者： Jeffrey frankel John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Many claim that China will soon overtake the US. I argue that this claim is based on a misuse of statistics. The International Comparison Program （ICP） price data is necessary to compare living standards, since a dollar＇s worth of yuan buys more in China than a dollar buys in the US. But the fact that rice and clothes are cheap in rural China does not make the Chinese economy larger. What matters for size in the world economy is how much a yuan can buy on world markets. Using the correct prices, the US remains the world＇s largest economic power by a substantial margin.

关键词： China US PPP GDP exchange rate