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Lactate is a potentially harmful substitute for brain glucose fuel:consequences for metabolic restoration of neurotransmission

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1403-1404页

作者： Oliver Kann Lennart Soder Babak Khodaie Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences(IZN) Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation of glucose (D-glucose)-and glycogen in astrocytes-to pyruvate by glycolysis and subsequent conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase(Figure 1A;Dienel,2019;Rae et al.,2024).

关键词： consequences Figure restoration

SEIR-SW, Simulation Model of Influenza Spread Based on the Small World Network

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第5期20卷 460-473页

作者： Fatima-Zohra younsi Ahmed Bounnekar Djamila Hamdadou Omar Boussaid Department of Computer Science Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Oran the ERIC(Entrepts Reprèsentation et Ingènierie des Connaissances)Lab University of Lumire Lyon 2Lyon 69676 France Polytechnic School University of Claude Bernard Lyon1 Lyon 69622 France

This study modeled the spread of an influenza epidemic in the population of Oran, Algeria. We investigated the mathematical epidemic model, SEIR（Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed）, through extensive simulations of the effects of social network on epidemic spread in a Small World（SW） network, to understand how an influenza epidemic spreads through a human population. A combined SEIR-SW model was built, to help understand the dynamics of infectious disease in a community, and to identify the main characteristics of epidemic transmission and its evolution over time. The model was also used to examine social network effects to better understand the topological structure of social contact and the impact of its properties. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the combined SEIR-SW model. Simulation results were analyzed to explore how network evolution influences the spread of desease, and statistical tests were applied to validate the model. The model accurately replicated the dynamic behavior of the real influenza epidemic data, confirming that the susceptible size and topological structure of social networks in a human population significantly influence the spread of infectious diseases. Our model can provide health policy decision makers with a better understanding of epidemic spread,allowing them to implement control measures. It also provides an early warning of the emergence of influenza epidemics.

关键词： SEIR-SW(Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed within Small World network) statistical analysis methods Social Network Analysis(SNA) visualization of SNA disease outbreaks

Modeling Water Adsorption and Retention of Building Materials From Pore Size Distribution

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第6期7卷 547-556页

作者： Abdelkrim Trabelsi Zakaria Slimani Akli younsi Joseph Virgone Rafik Belarbi Univ Lyon CNRSINSA-LyonUniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1CETHIL UMR5008F-69621VilleurbanneFrance University of La Rochelle CNRSLaSIEUMR-7356Avenue Michel Crépeau17042 La Rochelle Cedex 1France

Water adsorption and capillarity are key phenomena involved during heat and moisture transfer in porous building *** account for interaction between solid matrix,liquid water and moist *** are considered through Water Vapor Adsorption Isotherm(WVAI)and Retention Curve(RC)functions which are constitutive laws characterizing water activity within a porous *** objective of this paper is to present a water vapor adsorption and retention models built from multimodal Pore Size Distribution Function(PSDF)and to see how its parameters modify moisture storage for hygroscopic and near saturation *** microstructure of the porous medium is represented statistically by a bundle of tortuous parallel pores through its ***,the influence of contact angle and temperature on storage properties were ***,a parametric study was performed to see the influence of the PSDF shape on storage *** cases were studied considering the number of modalities,the weight of each modality and the dispersion around mean ***,as a validation,the proposed model for WVAI were compared to existing model from literature showing a good *** study showed that the proposed models are capable to reproduce various shapes of storage *** also highlighted the link between microstructure and adsorption-retention phenomena.

关键词： Water vapor adsorption capillarity pore size distribution WVAI and RC modeling porous building materials

Diffusive Lorenz dynamics: Coherent structures and spatiotemporal chaos

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 2000年第2期5卷 49-57页

作者： Yuehong QIAN Hudong CHEN and Da-Hsuan FENG (exa Corporation, 450 Bedford Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA email: qian@***, hudong@exa. Com Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA email: da.hsuan.feng@***) exa Corporation 450 Bedford Street Lexington MA 02420 USA Department of Physics Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

In this paper, we are interested in collective behaviors of many interacting Lorenz strange attractors. With an intermediate chion coupling between the attractors,a new remarkable synchronization of well orgtried structuxes merges as a result of two competing mechanisms: temporal chaos and spatial chsive stabilization. A window of the coupling parazneter for coherent structures is found numerically. Different from all exist ing scenarios of routes to chaos (period doubling, intermittency and strange attractors), an algorithmetic increase of wavenumbers before an abrupt change to chaos (compared to the periodic doubling geometrical) is unexpectedly discovered. Metastable states are also ob served in simulations.

关键词： synchronizied chaos coherent structures intermittency reaction-diffusion

Axisymmetric and three-dimensional flow simulation of a mixed compression supersonic air inlet

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第1期9卷 51-61页

作者： M.Abedi R.Askari J.Sepahi-younsi M.R.Soltani Department of Aerospace Engineering Sharif University of TechnologyTehranIran Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran Visiting Professor William E.Boeing Department of Aeronautics and AstronauticsUniversity of WashingtonWashingtonU.S.A.

The flow through an axisymmetric supersonic mixed-compression air inlet has been simulated numerically to investigate the effects and the necessity of the three-dimensional(3D)modeling in comparison with the axisymmetric *** this purpose,a supersonic inlet has been simulated numerically via axisymmetric and 3D CFD solvers,using the steady state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations along with the SST k-ωturbulence model,for a free-stream Mach number of 2.0 and at zero degrees angle of *** grid for the 3D cases was a 14.4-degree sector,instead of a 360-degree domain one,with rotational periodic boundary condition for the side *** results show that both static and total pressure distributions match well with the experimental data for both the axisymmetric and the 3D *** the prediction of performance parameters is the main goal of simulations,it seems that the axisymmetric simulation provides adequate accuracy,and the 3D simulation one is not the best *** 3D numerical simulation results in an in-depth study on the supersonic inlets,including the shock wave-boundary layer interaction,the location of the terminal normal shock wave,and consequently the separation *** an axisymmetric supersonic inlet in an axisymmetric flow condition,3D effects are not strong enough to have a significant influence on the inlet performance for all operational ***,it seems that 3D effects play an important role in both critical and supercritical operating conditions during the steady state operation.

关键词： Supersonic inlet Axisymmetric simulation Three-dimensional simulation Inlet performance Shock-boundary layer interaction

Assessment of hindlimb motor recovery affer severe thoracic spinal cord injury in rats: classification of CatWalk XT■ gait analysis parameters

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1084-1089页

作者： Guoli Zheng Hao Zhang Mohamed Tail Hao Wang Johannes Walter Thomas Skutella Andreas Unterberg Klaus Zweckberger a.exa.der younsi Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

Assessment of locomotion recovery in preclinical studies of experimental spinal cord injury remains challenging. We studied the CatWalk XT■gait analysis for evaluating hindlimb functional recovery in a widely used and clinically relevant thoracic contusion/compression spinal cord injury model in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to either a T9 spinal cord injury or sham laminectomy. Locomotion recovery was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open field rating scale and the CatWalk XT■gait analysis. To determine the potential bias from weight changes, corrected hindlimb(H) values(divided by the unaffected forelimb(F) values) were calculated. Six weeks after injury, cyst formation, astrogliosis, and the deposition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans were assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Compared with the baseline, a significant spontaneous recovery could be observed in the CatWalk XT■parameters max intensity, mean intensity, max intensity at%, and max contact mean intensity from 4 weeks after injury onwards. Of note, corrected values(H/F) of CatWalk XT■parameters showed a significantly less vulnerability to the weight changes than absolute values, specifically in static parameters. The corrected CatWalk XT■parameters were positively correlated with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating scale scores, cyst formation, the immunointensity of astrogliosis and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan deposition. The CatWalk XT■gait analysis and especially its static parameters, therefore, seem to be highly useful in assessing spontaneous recovery of hindlimb function after severe thoracic spinal cord injury. Because many CatWalk XT■parameters of the hindlimbs seem to be affected by body weight changes, using their corrected values might be a valuable option to improve this dependency.

关键词： Basso Beattie and Bresnahan rating scale behavioral assessment CatWalk XT■gait analysis contusive and compressive injury hindlimb motor function histological changes spinal cord injury spontaneous recovery thoracic weight

Biomimetic Sensors:Active Electrolocation of Weakly Electric Fish as a Model for Active Sensing in Technical Systems

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第2期4卷 85-90页

作者： Gerhard von der Emde Zoological Institute University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany

Instead of vision, many nocturnal animals use alternative senses for navigation and object detection in their dark environment. For this purpose, weakly electric mormyrid fish employ active electrolocation, during which they discharge a specialized electric organ in their tail which discharges electrical pulses. Each discharge builds up an electrical field around the fish, which is sensed by cutaneous electroreceptor organs that are distributed over most of the body surface of the fish. Nearby objects distort this electrical field and cause a local alteration in current flow in those electroreceptors that are closest to the object. By constandy monitoring responses of its electroreceptor organs, a fish can detect, localize, and identify environmental objects. Inspired by the remarkable capabilities of weakly electric fish in detecting and recognizing objects, we designed technical sensor systems that can solve similar problems of remote object sensing. We applied the principles of active electrolocation to technical systems by building devices that produce electrical current pulses in a conducting medium （water or ionized gases） and simultaneously sense local current density. Depending on the specific task a sensor was designed for devices could （i） detect an object, （ii） localize it in space, （iii） determine its distance, and （iv） measure properties such as material properties, thickness, or material faults. Our systems proved to be relatively insensitive to environmental disturbances such as heat, pressure, or turbidity. They have a wide range of applications including material identification, quality control, non-contact distance measurements, medical applications and many more. Despite their astonishing capacities, our sensors still lag far behind what electric fish are able to achieve during active electrolocation. The understanding of the neural principles governing electric fish sensory physiology and the corresponding optimization of our sensors to solve

关键词： biomimetic weakly electric fish sensory system electrolocation sensor

A new fourth order finite difference scheme for the heat equation

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 2000年第4期5卷 151-157页

作者： Yuehong QIAN, Hudong CHEN, Raoyang ZHANG and Shiyi CHEN (exa Corporation, 450 Bedford Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA e-mail.. qean＠*** Deportment of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21280, USA) (Received December 1, exa Corporation Lexington MA 02420 450 Bedford Street United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21280 United States

We propose and investigate a new simple fourth order finite difference scheme for the heat equation. Numerical simulations do confirm theoretical analysis of accuracy and stability condition.

关键词： heat equation CFL condition stability high-order scheme

Landslide Loss and Damage in Sindhupalchok District, Nepal:Comparing Income Groups with Implications for Compensation and Relief

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第2期9卷 157-166页

作者： Kees van der Geest United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security

The 2014 Jure landslide in Sindhupalchok District, Nepal, caused significant loss and damage to ecosystems and livelihoods in the area. In the direct aftermath of the landslide, several disaster loss assessments were conducted, with the aim of counting casualties,injured people, and damaged houses and *** useful and necessary in their own right, such rapid assessments do not reveal the true extent and significance of the losses and damages that people in disaster areas face, including their monetary value. We address this gap, based on a comprehensive household survey(N = 234), as well as other, qualitative research tools. Our results highlight the importance of differentiating between loss and damage in absolute monetary terms as opposed to losses relative to annual income. We find a stark contrast between the high absolute losses incurred by nonpoor households, and the high relative losses—up to 14 times their annual income—experienced by poor *** results have important implications for policy that addresses loss and damage, not only of landslides but also of other disasters. Loss and damage assessments need to take the livelihood characteristics of affected households into account to identify and support those most in need of compensation and relief.

关键词： Compensation and relief Impact assessment Landslides Loss and damage analysis Nepal