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Why microglia kill neurons after neural disorders? The friendly fire hypothesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1499-1502页

作者： Walace gomes-Leal Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Para-Brazil

Neuroinflammation plays a fundamental role on the pathophysiology of acute and chronic neural disorders.Microglia activation is a major event following central nervous system inflammation displaying different phenotypes with beneficial and detrimental actions(a Janus face).The reason for this apparent duality is unknown.We have previously shown that following experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat brain,microglia seem to support and impair adult neurogenesis in the same ischemic striatum.Based on these results,we raised the hypothesis that in the same pathologic environment,gradients of different ligands distributed over different anatomical niches might contribute to both detrimental and beneficial microglial phenotypes.These ligands(“danger signals”)are released by dying cells and bind to microglial receptors in their membranes.Activation of different microglial receptors induces downstream biochemical pathways culminating in a spectrum of microglial phenotypes like M1 and M2 and others.In this paper,we first review the immune functions of microglia and the role of toll-like receptors on the fight against infections.We then briefly revise the dual role of microglia after neural disorders.We then propose a novel hypothesis to explain the Janus face of microglia during the pathophysiology of central nervous system diseases:the“friendly fire hypothesis”.According to this idea“danger signals”or danger associated molecular patterns released by stressed,damaged and/or dying cells during stroke,trauma and other diseases might activate microglial pattern-recognition receptors(i.e.,toll like receptors)or other unidentified receptors normally activated by pathogens.This could activate the same genetic and biochemical machinery used by microglia to fight against pathogens even in the absence of infection.According to this notion,microglia may cause bystander neuronal damage with a kind of blind“friendly fire”,fighting against a non-existing infection during non-infectious disorders,like stroke and trauma

关键词： stroke trauma Alzheimer’s disease neuroinflammation glial cells phenotypes degeneration neuroprotection

Complex Systems in Economics and Where to Find Them

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2021年第1期34卷 314-338页

作者： gomes Orlando GUBAREVA Mariya ISCAL-Lisbon Accounting and Business School Instituto Politécnico de Lisboaand CEFAGE-ISCAL/IPL Research CenterISCALAv.Miguel Bornbarda 201069-035 LisbonPortugal Accounting and Business School Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa SOCIUS-Research Centre in Economic and Organizational Sociology CSG-Research in Social Sciences and Management

The economy as a whole and most of its constituent parts, like markets, government institutions, firms, or households, are inherently complex conceptual constructions. Micro-level diversity,decentralized interaction, self-organization, adaptation and learning, emergence, and evolution, are some of the fundamental features that the above entities share and that allow to classify them as being complex entities. In a complex economic system, existing structures of interaction are in constant mutation as individual agents contact and influence one another and, by doing so, reshape the macro environment in which socio-economic relations unfold. Notwithstanding the observed pervasiveness of complexity in economics, there are a few areas of economic thought where the discussion on the theme has gained an exceptional relevance. In this article, six of such areas are identified and their complex nature is highlighted and scrutinized. These pertain to:(i) Knowledge interactions and technological innovation;(ii) Corporate design and organizational learning;(iii) Public policies directed at market regulation;(iv) Banking and financial markets;(v) Environmental economics, sustainability,and climate change;and(vi) income inequality.

关键词： Agent-based models complex networks complex systems emergent phenomena evolutionary nature market regulation public policies

Influence of train speed and its mitigation measures in the short-and long-term performance of a ballastless transition zone

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铁道工程科学:英文版 2023年第4期31卷 309-324页

作者： Ana Ramos Rui Calçada António gomes Correia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoCONSTRUCT-LESEPortoPortugal Department of Civil Engineering University of MinhoISISEGuimarãesPortugal

The ballastless track is nowadays the most popular railway system due to the required low number of maintenance opera-tions and costs,despite the high investment.The gradual change from ballasted to ballastless tracks has been occurring in Asia,but also in Europe,increasing the number of transition zones.The transition zones are a special area of the railway networks where there is an accelerated process of track degradation,which is a major concern of the railway infrastructure managers.Thus,the accurate prediction of the short-and long-term performance of ballastless tracks in transition zones is an important topic in the current paradigm of building/rehabilitating high-speed lines.This work purposes the development of an advanced 3D model to study the global performance of a ballastless track in an embankment-tunnel transition zone considering the influence of the train speed(220,360,500,and 600 km/h).Moreover,a mitigation measure is also adopted to reduce the stress and displacements levels of the track in the transition.A resilient mat placed in the tunnel and embank-ment aims to soften the transition.The behaviour of the track with the resilient mat is evaluated considering the influence of the train speed,with special attention regarding the critical speed.The used methodology is a novel and hybrid approach that allows including short-term and long-term performance,through the development of a powerful 3D model combined with the implementation of a calibrated empirical permanent deformation model.

关键词： Ballastless track Train speed Numerical modelling Transition zone Critical speed

Experimental study on combined buoyant-thermocapillary flow along with rising liquid film on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube

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Frontiers in Energy 2020年第1期14卷 114-126页

作者： Manuel J.gomes Ning MEI Marine Engineering Section College of EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao266100China

Temperature distribution and variation with time has been considered in the analysis of the influences of the initial level of immersion of a horizontal metallic mesh tube in the liquid on combined buoyant and thermocapillary flow.The combined flow occurs along with the rising liquid film flow on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube.Three different levels of immersion of the metallic mesh tube in the liquid have been tested.Experiments of 60 min in duration have been performed using a heating metallic tube with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 110 mm,sealed outside with a metallic mesh of 178 mm by 178 mm,and distilled water.These reveal two distinct flow patterns.Thermocouples and infrared thermal imager are utilized to measure the temperature.The level of the liquid free surface relative to the lower edge of the tube is measured as angleθ.The results show that for a smallerθangle,or a low level of immersion,with a relatively low heating power,it is possible to near fully combine the upwards buoyant flow with the rising liquid film flow.In this case,the liquid is heated only in the vicinity of the tube,while the liquid away from the flow region experiences small changes in temperature and the system approaches steady conditions.For largerθangles,or higher levels of immersion,a different flow pattern is noticed on the liquid free surface and identified as the thermo-capillary(Marangoni)flow.The rising liquid film is also present.The higher levels of immersion cause a high temperature gradient in the liquid free surface region and promote thermal stratification;therefore the system could not approach steady conditions.

关键词： rising liquid film combined flow thermocapillary flow buoyant flow metallic mesh tube horizontal tube

TLBO with variable weights applied to shop scheduling problems

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2019年第3期4卷 148-158页

作者： Leonardo Ramos Rodrigues Joao Paulo Pordeus gomes Electronics Division Institute of Aeronautics and SpacePraca Marechal Eduardo Gomes50Sao Josedos Campos 12228-904Brazil Computer Science Department Federal University of CearaRua Campus do PiciSnFortaleza 60440-554Brazil

The teaching–learning-based optimisation (TLBO) algorithm is a population-based metaheuristic inspired on the teaching–learning process observed in a classroom. It has been successfully used in a wide range of applications. In this study, the authors present a variant version of TLBO. In the proposed version, different weights are assigned to students during the student phase, with higher weights being assigned to students with better solutions. Three different approaches to assign weights are investigated. Numerical experiments with benchmark instances of the flow-shop and the job-shop scheduling problems are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed approaches. They compare the proposed approaches with the original TLBO algorithm and with two variants of TLBOs proposed in the literature in terms of solution quality, convergence speed and simulation time. The results obtained by the application of a Friedman statistical test showed that the proposed approaches outperformed the original version of TLBO in terms of convergence, with no significant losses in the average makespan. The additional simulation time required by the proposed approaches is small. The best performance was achieved with the approach of assigning a fixed weight to half the students with the best solutions and assigning zero to other students.

关键词： TLBO variable weights shop scheduling problems

Supergiant Barocaloric Effects in Acetoxy Silicone Rubber over a Wide Temperature Range:Great Potential for Solid-state Cooling

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2020年第9期38卷 999-1005,I0008页

作者： William Imamura Erik Oda Usuda Lucas Soares Paixao Nicolau Molina Bom Angelo Marcio gomes Alexandre Magnus gomes Carvalho Faculdade de Engenharia Mec(a)nica UNICAMPCEP 13083-860CampinasSPBrazil Universidade Federal de Sāo Paulo UNIFESPCEP 09913-030DiademaSPBrazil Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin UNICAMPCEP 13083-859CampinasSPBrazil Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ICN208860 BelaterraBarcelonaSpain The Institute of Photonic Sciences ICFO08193 CastelldefelsBarcelonaSpain Instituto de Física UFRJCEP 21941-972Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Departamento de Engenharia Mec(a)nica UEMCEP 87020-900MaringáPRBrazil

Solid-state cooling based on caloric effects is considered a viable alternative to replace the conventional vapor-compression refrigeration systems.Regarding barocaloric materials,recent results show that elastomers are promising candidates for cooling applications around room-temperature.In the present paper,we report supergiant barocaloric effects observed in acetoxy silicone rubber—a very popular,low-cost and environmentally friendly elastomer.Huge values of adiabatic temperature change and reversible isothermal entropy change were obtained upon moderate applied pressures and relatively low strains.These huge barocaloric changes are associated both to the polymer chain rearrangements induced by confined compression and to the first-order structural transition.The results are comparable to the best barocaloric materials reported so far,opening encouraging prospects for the application of elastomers in near future solid-state cooling devices.

关键词： Solid-state cooling Barocaloric effect Elastomer Silicone rubber Crystalline-amorphous transition

Scalable fabrication,compartmentalization and applications of living microtissues

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 392-405页

作者： Maik Schot Nuno Araújo-gomes Bas van Loo Tom Kamperman Jeroen Leijten Department of Developmental Bioengineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522NBEnschedethe Netherlands

Living microtissues are used in a multitude of applications as they more closely resemble native tissue physiology,as compared to 2D cultures.Microtissues are typically composed of a combination of cells and materials in varying combinations,which are dictated by the applications’design requirements.Their applications range wide,from fundamental biological research such as differentiation studies to industrial applications such as cruelty-free meat production.However,their translation to industrial and clinical settings has been hindered due to the lack of scalability of microtissue production techniques.Continuous microfluidic processes provide an opportunity to overcome this limitation as they offer higher throughput production rates as compared to traditional batch techniques,while maintaining reproducible control over microtissue composition and size.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current approaches to engineer microtissues with a focus on the advantages of,and need for,the use of continuous processes to produce microtissues in large quantities.Finally,an outlook is provided that outlines the required developments to enable large-scale microtissue fabrication using continuous processes.

关键词： Tissue engineering Micromaterials Microfluidics Upscaling Clinical translation Industrial translation

Doubling down with CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy:a two-step recognition circuit enables discrimination between target antigen high and low cancer cells

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第8期6卷 2280-2281页

作者： Jehad Charo Bruno gomes hoffmann-la roche ag pharmaceutical research and early development oncologyroche innovation center zurichzurichswitzerland hoffmann-la roche ag pharmaceutical research and early development oncologyroche innovation center baselbaselswitzerland

In a recent article published in Science by Hernandez-Lopez et al.chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)expressing T(CAR-T)cells with a two-step recognition system successfully discriminated between target cells expressing hi... 详细信息

关键词： CAR cancer

Is there stability in the performance of elite half-marathoners?

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第2期4卷 101-104页

作者： Mabliny Thuany Beat Knechtle Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis Thayse Natacha gomes Faculty of Sports University of PortoPortoPortugal Institute of Primary Care University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland School of Health and Caring Sciences University of West AtticaAthensGreece Department of Physical Education Federal University of SergipeSao CristovaoBrazil

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance stability of elite half-marathoners of both sexes.The study was composed of 24 elite athletes(12 female and 12 male),ranked among the Senior World TOP20 halfmarathoners,who completed a half-marathon race for at least three consecutive years.Tracking was tested using autocorrelations and Kappa Cohen.Autocorrelation revealed a significant association,but a decrease in correlation among the years in both sexes.The overall weighted kappa showed lower stability in performance for both sexes(K=0.191 and K=-0.245)than for males.These findings suggest that both female and male elite halfmarathoners showed low stability in performance during three events.Besides that,athletes with a better performance tended to present the highest performance stability.It is recommended that coaches track the developmental trajectories of the athletes to comprised the changes in performance across the years,as to provide environmental characteristics that can influence performance.

关键词： Tracking Endurance Running Elite athletes