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Dynamic stress concentration in an infinitely long cylindrical cavity due to a point spherical source embedded within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： H.HossEINI o.BALILAsHAKI Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

The effects of a harmonically exciting monopole source on an infinitely long cylindrical cavity embedded entirely within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent are examined theoretically. It is assumed that the source is located outside the cavity at a specified distance from the borehole axis. The magnitudes of the hoop and radial stresses beside the pore pressures exerted on the interface and inside the porous medium surrounding the borehole are calculated and discussed. Biot's poroelastic modeling along with three types of boundary conditions for the cylindrical interface including the ideal fluid, empty borehole, and rigid inclusion with a hard boundary is employed for the analysis. Utilizing a proper translational addition theorem for expressing the incident spherical wave in terms of cylindrical wave expansions, the proposed boundary conditions at the interface are satisfied. stresses are formulated by means of wave potential functions in a three-dimensional(3D) manner. The effects of the frequency and the radial distance between the source and borehole on the induced stresses are examined for the first cylindrical modes over frequency spectra. Two permeability conditions for the interface and three types of soils for the porous formation are considered throughout the analysis. To give an overall outline of the study, a numerical example is presented. The results clearly indicate that the distance is a key parameter and has considerable effects on the induced stress values. In addition, the interface permeability condition and soil characteristics play an important role in determining the dynamic response of the borehole. Finally,the obtained results are compared with the relevant analyses existing in the literature for some limit cases, and good agreement is achieved.

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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato socodato João B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3s)and Institute for Molecular and cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNs)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNs’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Contribution of mechanical forces to structural synaptic plasticity:insights from 3D cellular motility mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1995-1996页

作者： Rita o.Teodoro Mafalda Ribeiro Ramos Lara Carvalho iNoVA4Health NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no ***-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these *** and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and sixt,2019).cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuronal synapse *** the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called *** plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and franze,2024).

关键词： plasticity structural mechanisms

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher J.o’Connell Matthew J.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA James L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley o.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared s.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

Creeping fat and gut microbiota in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 16-23页

作者： Ana EV Quaglio Daniéla o Magro Marcello Imbrizi Ellen Cs De oliveira Luiz C Di stasi Ligia Y sassaki Verum Ingredients Botucatu Technology ParkBotucatu 18605-525São PauloBrazil Department of surgery Faculty of Medical SciencesState University of CampinasCampinas 13083-970São PauloBrazil Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of CampinasCampinas 13083-970São PauloBrazil Department of Internal Medicine Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatu 18618-686São PauloBrazil Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology Institute of BiosciencesSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatu 18618-689São PauloBrazil

In this article,we explored the role of adipose tissue,especially mesenteric adipose tissue and creeping fat,and its association with the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and progression of Crohn’s disease(CD).CD is a form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract,influenced by genetic predisposition,gut microbiota dysbiosis,and environmental *** microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating immune response and intestinal inflammation and is associated with the onset and progression of ***,visceral adipose tissue,particularly creeping fat,a mesenteric adipose tissue characterized by hypertrophy and fibrosis,has been implicated in CD pathogenesis,inflammation,and *** bacteria from the gut microbiota may translocate into mesenteric adipose tissue,contributing to the formation of creeping fat and influencing CD *** creeping fat may be a protective barrier against bacterial invasion,its expansion can damage adjacent tissues,leading to *** gut microbiota through interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,and prebiotics has shown potential in managing ***,more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis,creeping fat,and CD progression and develop targeted therapies for microbiota modulation and fat-related complications in patients with CD.

关键词： Creeping fat Mesenteric adipose tissue Gut microbiota Crohn’s disease Inflammatory bowel disease

Characterization of the drosophila Atlastin Interactome Reveals VCP as a Functionally Related Interactor

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2013年第6期40卷 297-306页

作者： Niamh C.o'sullivan Nina.dräger Cahir J.o'Kane 4th Floor Burlington Danes BuildingDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonW12 ONNUnited Kingdom Department of Genetics University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB2 3EHUnited Kingdom

At least 25 genes,many involved in trafficking,localisation or shaping of membrane organelles,have been identified as causative genes for the neurodegenerative disorder hereditary spastic paraplegia（HsP）.one of the most commonly mutated HsP genes,atlastin-1, encodes a dynamin-like GTPase that mediates homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum（ER） ***,the molecular mechanisms of atlastin-1-related membrane fusion and axonopathy remain *** better understand its mode of action,we used affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry to identify protein interactors of atlastin in *** of 72 identified proteins revealed that the atlastin interactome contains many proteins involved in protein processing and transport,in addition to proteins with roles in mRNA binding,metabolism and mitochondrial *** highest confidence interactor from mass spectrometry analysis, the ubiquitin-selective AAA-ATPase valosin-containing protein（VCP）,was validated as an atlastin-interacting protein,and VCP and atlastin showed overlapping subcellular ***,VCP acted as a genetic modifier of atlastin：loss of VCP partially suppressed an eye phenotype caused by atlastin overexpression,whereas overexpression of VCP enhanced this *** interactions between atlastin and VCP suggest a functional relationship between these two proteins,and point to potential shared mechanisms between HsP and other forms of neurodegeneration.

关键词： Endoplasmic reticulum Hereditary spastic paraplegias Atlastin Valosin-containing protein

optimizing the defensive characteristics of mild steel via the electrodeposition of Zn-si3N4 reinforcing particles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第4期15卷 526-532页

作者： I.G. Akande o.o. oluwole o.s.I. Fayomi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo state Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Covenant University ota ogun state Nigeria Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa

The effect of Zn-si3 N4 deposition prepared via direct electrolytic co-deposition on mild steel was studied as a result its inherent vulnerability to corrosion in an aggressive environment and failure on the application of *** experiment was conducted varying the mass concentration of silicon nitride(si3 N4)between 7 and 13 gat cell voltage of 0.3 and 0.5 V,at constant temperature of 45℃.The morphologies of the coated surfaces were characterized using high resolution Nikon optical Microscope and scanning Electron Microscope(sEM)revealing that the particles of the Zn-si3 N4 were homogeneously *** corrosion behaviour was studied using potentiodynamic polarization technique in 3.65%NaCl solution and the microhardness was examined using Brinell hardness testing *** result of the corrosion experiment confirmed an improved corrosion resistance with a reduction in corrosion rate from 9.7425 mm/year to 0.10847 mm/year,maximum coating efficiency of 98.9%,maximum polarization resistance of 1555.3 Ω and a very low current density of 9.33 × 10-6A/*** negative shift in the Ecorr revealed the cathodic protective nature of the *** microhardness was also found to have increased from 137.9 HBN for the unmodified steel to a maximum value of 263.3 HBN for the0.5 Zn-13 si3 N4 coated steel representing 90.9% increment in hardness as a result of the matrix grain refining and dispersion-strengthening ability of the incorporated si3 N4 particles.

关键词： Polarization Corrosion Microhardness Coating Composite Matrix

Current self-limitation in a transverse nanosecond discharge with a slotted cathode

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Plasma science and Technology 2017年第3期19卷 69-74页

作者： N A AsHURBEKoV K o IMINoV o A PoPoV G s sHAKHsINoV Dagestan state University Faculty of Physics 43a Gadjieva Street Makhachkala 367002 Russia Moscow Power Engineering Institute Krasnokazal'mennaya 14 Moscow 111250 Russia

A high-voltage transverse pulsed nanosecond discharge with a slotted hollow cathode was found to be a source of high-energy （few kV） ribbon electron beams. Conditions for the formation and extinction of electron beams were experimentally studied in discharges in helium at pressures of 1-100 Torr. It was found that interaction of fast electrons with a non-uniform electric field near the slotted cathode led to limitation of the magnitude of the discharge current. A physical model was developed to describe the discharge current self-limitation that was in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. some technical solutions that are expected to increase the upper current limits in transverse nanosecond discharge are discussed.

关键词： nanosecond discharge electron beams upper current limitation slotted cathode