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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Cha.les m.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Ta.lor l.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick Jae Sung lee William.l.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a m.jor aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord injury. Although m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord injury, there rem.in m.jor discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to esta.lish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels, and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion, m.derate contusion, severe contusion, or com.lete transection, 7 m. of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying tim.s post-injury, and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex assay. Results dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were a.l upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-injury, while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of m.ta.loproteinase-1, which specifica.ly affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt, increased m.re than a.l other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a m.ld injury, 11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord injury

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Evaluation of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system.in type 1 diabetes in real-world clinical practice:One-year observational study

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 455-462页

作者： Ahm.d Eldib Shilton Dhaver karim Kibaa Astrid Atakov-Castillo Tareq Salah m.rwa Al-Badri a.delrahm.n Khater Ryan m.Carragher Om.ia Elenani Elena Toschi Osam. Ham.y Departm.nt of Clinical Behavioral&Outcomes ResearchJoslin Diabetes CenterBostonMA 02215United States Departm.nt of m.dicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States

BACKGROUND In 2016,the Food and Drug Adm.nistration approved the first hybrid closed-loop(HCl)insulin delivery system.for adults with type 1 diabetes(T1D).There is lim.ted inform.tion on the im.act of using HCl system. on patient-reported outcom.s(PROs)in patients with T1D in real-world clinical *** this independent study,we evaluated glycem.c param.ters and PROs over one year of continuous use of m.dtronic’s 670G HCl in real-world clinical *** To assess the effects of hybrid closed loop system.on glycem.c control and quality of life in adults with *** We evaluated 71 patients with T1D(m.an age:45.5±12.1 years;59%fem.les;body weight:83.8±18.7 kg,body m.ss index:28.7±5.6 kg/m.,A1C:7.6%±0.8%)who were treated with HCl at Joslin Clinic from.2017 to *** m.asured A1C and percent of glucose tim.-in-range(%TIR)at baseline and 12 *** m.asured percent tim. in auto m.de(%TiAm.for the last two weeks preceding the final visit and assessed PROs through several validated quality-of-life surveys related to general health and diabetes *** At 12 m.,A1C decreased by 0.3%±0.1%(P=0.001)and%TIR increased by 8.1%±2.5%(P=0.002).The average%TiAm.was only 64.3%±32.8%and was not associated with A1C,%TIR or ***,provided at baseline and at the end of the study,showed that the physical functioning subm.dule of 36Item.Short-Form.Health Survey increased significantly by 22.9%(Plycem.a fear survey/worry scale decreased significantly by 24.9%(Plem.Areas In Diabetes reduced significantly by-17.2%(P=0.002).The em.tional burden subm.dules of dietary diversity score reduced significantly by-44.7%(P=0.001).Furtherm.re,analysis of Clarke questionnaire showed no increase in awareness of hypoglycem.c ***-5 showed no im.rovem.nts in subject’s wellbeing am.ng participants after starting the 670G HCl ***,analysis of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index showed no difference in sleep quality,sleep latency,or duration o

关键词： Artificial pancreas Continuous blood glucose m.nitor Type 1 diabetes Hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery Quality of life

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Post-fire recovery of Puya raim.ndii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

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Journal of m.untain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： m.ry l.SUNI Giovana P.VADIllO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENa.letty SAlINAS m.Estela PONCE Pa.l m.RAm.AY Plant Physiology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History m.seum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Departm.nt of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

a.large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to com.are plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diam.ters of flagship Puya raim.ndii rosettes(assigned to four broad developm.ntal phases), plant com.unities(66 species in 24 fam.lies and nine growth form.) and bird com.unities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were m.nitored after the fire. Although no m.rtality was observed, Puya raim.ndii plants were affected by the fire, losing approxim.tely 60% of their photosynthetic area across a.l developm.ntal phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The com.arison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was com.licated by the changes in live rosette diam.ter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area.linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environm.nt(decreased by 26% for m.ture adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an im.ediate change in the density, biom.ss and com.osition of vegetation. Although the species present rem.ined sim.lar, their abundances changed significantly im.ediately after the fire, with nota.le reductions in dom.nant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, fam.lies and growth form.. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the com.osition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were m.stly unaffected, and other guilds showed a m.re com.lex response. As the vegetation recovered, m.st displaced birds returned within approxim.tely one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biom.ss Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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A Theoretica.ly Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Evaluating m.chine Com.on Sense

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 1-28页

作者： Henrique Santos Ke Shen Alice m.m.lvehill m.yank Kejriwal Deborah l.m.Guinness Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Inform.tion Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA

Achieving m.chine com.on sense has been a.longstanding problem.within Artificial *** far,benchm.rk data sets that are grounded in a theory of com.on sense and can be used to conduct rigorous,sem.ntic evaluations of com.on sense reasoning(CSR)system. have been *** expectation of the AI com.unity is that neuro-sym.olic reasoners can help bridge this gap towards m.re dependa.le system. with com.on *** propose a novel benchm.rk,ca.led Theoretica.ly Grounded com.on sense Reasoning(TG-CSR),m.deled as a set of question answering instances,with each instance grounded in a sem.ntic category of com.on sense,such as space,tim.,and *** benchm.rk is few-shot i.e.,only a few training and validation exam.les are provided in the public release to avoid the possibility of *** from.recent evaluations suggest that TG-CSR is cha.lenging even for state-of-the-art statistical *** to its sem.ntic rigor,this benchm.rk can be used to evaluate the com.on sense reasoning capabilities of neuro-sym.olic system..

关键词： reasoning Intelligence instance

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Gut m.crobiota in preterm.infants receiving breast m.lk or m.xed feeding

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： Sandra Gabriela Sánchez-González Bárbara Gabriela Cárdenas-del-Castillo Elvira Garza-González Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas Isaías Rodríguez-Balderram. Consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix m.ntes-Tapia Gerardo C Palacios-Saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez m.nuel Enrique de-la-O-Cavazos Departm.nt of Pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departam.nto de Bioquím.ca y m.dicina m.lecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and m.lecular m.dicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departm.nt of Pediatric Surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BACKGROUND Preterm.birth is the leading cause of m.rtality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usua.ly experiencing several *** m.lk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especia.ly for preterm.infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial m.croorganism.,such as lactobacilli and *** To analyze the gut m.crobiota of breastfed preterm.infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or *** An observational study was perform.d on preterm.infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital ***éEleuterio González at m.nterrey,m.xico.A total of 40 preterm.neonates were classified into breast m.lk feeding(Bm.and m.xed feeding(m.)groups(21 in the Bm.group and 19 in the m. group),from.October 2017 to June *** sam.les were collected before they were introduced to any feeding *** full enteral feeding was achieved,the com.osition of the gut m.crobiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene *** varia.les were com.ared using Student’s t-test or using the m.nn–Whitney U test for nonparam.tric ***,evenness,equitability,m.rgalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also *** No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the *** com.arison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial com.ared to the final sam.le of the Bm.group(Pm.aproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sam.le(P=0.040).According to the m.rgalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from.the initial to the final sam.le,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(Pm.nant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firm.cutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the m.st ***,no significant differences were

关键词： Gut m.crobiota Hum.n m.lk Preterm.infant Proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16S rRNA

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Cr-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elem.nts

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 122-130页

作者： S.m.dhu H.C.m.njunatha N.Sowm.a B.m.Rajesh l.Seenappa R.S.Susheela Departm.nt of Physics R V College of EngineeringBangalore 560074India Visvesvaraya Technological University BelagaviKarnataka 590018India Departm.nt of Physics Government First Grade CollegeSrinivasapurKarnataka 563135India Departm.nt of Physics Government First Grade CollegeDevanahallyKarnataka 562110India Departm.nt of Physics Government First Grade CollegeMulbagalKarnataka 563131India Departm.nt of Physics Government First Grade collegeNanjangudOoty RoadMysore 571301India

We investigated ^(50,52-54)Cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy elem.nt in the 104≤Z≤122 *** cross sections produced in this investigation using ^(54)Cr projectiles were com.ared with those obtained in prior *** estim.ted cross sections from.this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior *** the current study,the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 m.V for ^(53)Cr+^(243)Am.23.2 fb at 236 m.V for ^(54)Cr+^(247)Cm.95.6 fb at 240 m.V for ^(53)Cr+248Bk,and 1.33 fb at 242 m.V for ^(53)Cr+***,these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam.energy will be useful in future Cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.

关键词： Fusion cross sections Com.ound nucleus form.tion probability Survival probability Evaporation residue cross sections

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Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in Rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2) Thin Film.

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Energy & Environm.ntal m.terials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero lenzi José P.B.Silva Břetislav Šm.d Vladim.r m.toín Cosm.n m.Istrate Corneliu Ghica Judith l.m.cm.nus-Driscoll luís m.rques Physics Center of m.nho and Porto Universities(CF-Um.UP) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal laboratory of Physics for m.terials and Em.rgent Technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal Departm.nt of Surface and Plasm. Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic National Institute of m.terials Physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania Departm.nt of m.terials Science and m.ta.lurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

Rhom.ohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from.0 to 1)film. are prom.sing for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is norm.0}y the case for the m.re com.only studied orthorhom.ic ***,a.large spontaneous polarization observed in rhom.ohedral film. is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experim.ntal and theoretical *** this work,in rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2)thin film.,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experim.nta.ly through the investigation of the structural properties,chem.cal com.osition and the ferroelectric properties of the film. before and after an annealing at m.derate tem.erature(400℃)in an oxygen environm.nt to reduce the V_(o)concentration *** experim.ntal work is supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations which show that the rhom.ohedral phase is the m.st sta.le one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)*** DFT calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric *** findings reveal the im.ortance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2)thin film. with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged defects ferroelectric polarization rhom.ohedral phase stability zirconia

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Exact solutions for m.gnetohydrodynam.c nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a perm.a.le axisym.etric radia.ly stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.m.habaleshwar G.P.Vanitha.l.m.Pérez Em.d H.Aly I.Pop Departm.nt of Studies in m.them.tics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Departam.nto de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Departm.nt of m.them.tics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We report on the m.gnetohydrodynam.c im.act on the axisym.etric flow of Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu nanoparticles suspended in H_(2)O past a stretched/shrinked *** the use of partial differential equations and the corresponding therm.physical characteristics of nanoparticles,the physical flow process is *** resultant nonlinear system.of partial differential equations is converted into a system.of ordinary differential equations using the suita.le sim.larity *** transform.d differential equations are solved *** of the m.gnetic param.ter,solid volum. fraction and stretching/shrinking param.ter on m.m.ntum.and tem.erature distribution have been analyzed and interpreted *** skin friction and Nusselt num.er were also *** addition,existence of dual solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching ***,Al_(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofluid flow has better therm.l conductivity on com.aring with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first solutions of the stream.are sta.le and physica.ly realiza.le,whereas those of the second ones are unsta.le.

关键词： m.gnetohydrodynam.c nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet axisym.etric flow analytical solution suction/injection

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Effect of Processing and Cultivar on Therm.-Chem.cal Properties of Australian-Grown Hem. Hurd (Cannabis sativa.l.)

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Journal of Renewa.le m.terials 2024年第8期12卷 1475-1493页

作者： Fehrm.nn J. Belleville B. Ozarska B. Ism.yati m. Dwianto W. School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES) Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne Melbourne 3121 Australia Research Center for Biom.ss and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jakarta 16911 Indonesia

This study explored the therm.-chem.cal properties of industrial hem. hurd with different provenances, m.turity stages, and retting protocols. The findings were then com.ared to hem. hurd used in the fabrication of citric acid-bonded ultra.low-density hem. hurd particleboard. Pyrolysis-gas chrom.tography-m.ss spectrom.try (Py-GC/m.), Fourier-transform.infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and therm.gravim.tric analysis (TGA) were em.loyed to docum.nt the variability of the hurd and com.rehend the potential im.act on biobased com.osite applications. The choice of cultivar, m.turity stage, and processing m.dality significantly influenced the chem.cal com.osition, presence of functional groups, and therm.l stability of the hurd. Py-GC/m. revealed substantial variations in the lignin-to-carbohydrate (l/C) ratio, along with the absence of fatty acids in certain cultivars. While FTIR signals confirm.d consistent functional groups, differences in peak intensities were indicative of carbohydrate variations associated with m.turity and retting duration, im.acting the ava.lability of hydroxyl groups for, i.e., interparticle bonding in citric acid-based bio-com.osites. Furtherm.re, it was observed that shorter retting durations initia.ly enhanced the therm.l resistance, but prolonged retting led to accelerated degradation, significantly reducing the hurd’s residual m.ss. The findings indicated nota.le differences am.ng the sam.les, em.hasizing the im.ortance of investigating varia.les such as provenance/cultivar, m.turity,andprocessing m.dality. This assessm.nt is essential to ensure effective agronom.c practices that align the raw m.terial characteristics with the specific requirem.nts of intended applications, such as the fabrication of biobased hem. hurd com.osites. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： chem.cal analysis Hem. hurd m.terial characterization therm.l analysis

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Epidem.ology of insertional and m.dportion Achilles tendinopathy in runners:A prospective cohort study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 256-263页

作者： Wenbo Chen Kyra.l.A.Cloosterm.n Sita m.A.Bierm.-Zeinstra m.rienke van m.ddelkoop Robert-Jan de Vos Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports m.dicine Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Departm.nt of General Practice Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Departm.nt of Sports m.dicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Background:Achilles tendinopathy(AT)is a com.on problem.am.ng *** is only lim.ted evidence for risk factors for AT,and m.st studies have not defined the AT *** study has com.ared the incidence and risk factors between insertional AT and m.dportion AT,though they are considered *** study aim.d to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from.a.large prospective *** secondary aim.was to explore differences in risk factors between insertional and m.dportion ***:Participants were recruited from.am.ng registered runners at registration for running *** were com.leted at baseline,1 m.nth before the event,1 week before the event,and 1 m.nth after the *** concerning dem.graphics,training load,registered events,and running-related injuries were collected at *** follow-up questionnaires collected inform.tion about new injuries.A pain m.p was used to diagnose m.dportion and insertional *** prim.ry outcom. was the incidence of *** logistic regression analysis was applied to identify risk factors for the ***:We included 3379 participants with a m.an follow-up of 20.4 *** incidence of AT was 4.2%.The proportion of insertional AT was 27.7%and of m.dportion AT was 63.8%;the rem.ining proportion was a com.ined type of insertional and m.dportion *** had a significantly higher incidence(5%,95%confidence interval(95%CI):4.1%-6.0%)than wom.n(2.8%,95%CI:2.0%-3.8%).AT in the past12 m.nths was the m.st predom.nant risk factor for new-onset AT(odds ratio(OR)=6.47,95%CI:4.27-9.81).This was sim.lar for both subcategories of AT(insertional:OR=5.45,95%CI:2.51-11.81;m.dportion:OR=6.96,95%CI:4.24-11.40).Participants registering for an event with a distance of 10/10.55 km.were less likely to develop a new-onset AT(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.97)or m.dportion AT(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23-0.93).Higher age had a significant negative association with insertional AT(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.9

关键词： Achilles tendon injury Incidence Risk factor Running-related injury

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