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screening COVID-19 from chest X-ray images by an optical diffractive neural network with the optimized F number

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1410-1426页

作者： JIALONG WANG sHOUYU CHAI WENTING GU BOYI LI XUE JIANG YUNXIANG ZHANG HONGEN LIAO XIN LIU DEAN ta Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Center for Biomedical Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Chemistry Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to significantly impact people's lives worldwide, emphasizing the critical need for effective detection methods. Many existing deep learning-based approaches for COVID-19 detection offer high accuracy but demand substantial computing resources, time, and energy. In this study, we introduce an optical diffractive neural network(ODNN-COVID), which is characterized by low power consumption, efficient parallelization, and fast computing speed for COVID-19 detection. In addition, we explore how the physical parameters of ODNN-COVID affect its diagnostic performance. We identify the F number as a key parameter for evaluating the overall detection capabilities. Through an assessment of the connectivity of the diffractive network, we established an optimized range of F number, offering guidance for constructing optical diffractive neural networks. In the numerical simulations, a three-layer system achieves an impressive overall accuracy of 92.64% and 88.89% in binary-and threeclassification diagnostic tasks. For a single-layer system, the simulation accuracy of 84.17% and the experimental accuracy of 80.83% can be obtained with the same configuration for the binary-classification task, and the simulation accuracy is 80.19% and the experimental accuracy is 74.44% for the three-classification task. Both simulations and experiments validate that the proposed optical diffractive neural network serves as a passive optical processor for effective COVID-19 diagnosis, featuring low power consumption, high parallelization, and fast computing capabilities. Furthermore, ODNN-COVID exhibits versatility, making it adaptable to various image analysis and object classification tasks related to medical fields owing to its general architecture.

关键词： neural network offering

Ag-GsT/HfO_(x)-based unidirectional threshold switching selector with low leakage current and threshold voltage distribution for high-density cross-point arrays

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 280-288页

作者： Kyoung-Joung Yoo Dae-Yun Kang Nahyun Kim Ho-Jin Lee ta-Hyeong Kim taeho Kim tae Geun Kim school of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

The use of electrochemical-metallization-based volatile threshold switching selectors in cross-point arrays has been widely explored owing to their high on-off ratios and simple ***,these devices are unsuitable for cross-point architectures because of the difficulty in controlling the random filament formation that results in large fluctuations in the threshold voltage during *** this study,we investigated the unidirectional threshold transition characteristics associated with an Ag/GsT/HfO_(x)/Pt-based bilayer selector and demonstrated the occurrence of a low leakage current(stribution of the threshold voltage(Δ0.11 V).The bilayer structure could control the filament formation in the intermediate state through the insertion of an HfO_(x) tunneling *** stacking a bilayer selector with NiO_(x)based resistive random-access memory,the leakage and programming currents of the device could be significantly *** the crossbar array configuration,we performed equivalent circuit analysis of a one-selector oneresistor(1s1R) devices and estimated the optimal array size to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed *** maximum acceptable crossbar array size of the 1s1R device with the Ag/GsT/HfO_(x)/Pt/Ti/NiO_(x)/Pt structure was 5.29×10^(14)(N^(2),N=2.3×10^(7)).

关键词： selector device Tunneling barrier Threshold switching sputtering 1s1R Cross-point array

Machine learning-based comparison of factors influencing estimated glomerular filtration rate in Chinese women with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第15期12卷 2506-2521页

作者： I-Chien Chen Lin-Ju Chou shih-Chen Huang ta-Wei Chu shang-sen Lee Department of Nursing Kaohsiung Armed Forces General HospitalKaohsiung 802Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan Chief Executive Officer's Office MJ Health Research FoundationTaipei 114Taiwan Department of Urology Taichung Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationTaichung 427Taiwan school of Medicine Tzu Chi UniversityHualian 970Taiwan Department of Urology Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan

BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)has increased *** with NAFLD are known to have higher chance for renal function *** past studies used traditional multiple linear regression(MLR)to identify risk factors for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).However,medical research is increasingly relying on emerging machine learning(Mach-L)*** present study enrolled healthy women to identify factors affecting eGFR in subjects with and without NAFLD(NAFLD+,NAFLD-)and to rank their *** To uses three different Mach-L methods to identify key impact factors for eGFR in healthy women with and without *** A total of 65535 healthy female study participants were enrolled from the taiwan MJ cohort,accounting for 32 independent variables including demographic,biochemistry and lifestyle parameters(independent variables),while eGFR was used as the dependent *** from MLR,three Mach-L methods were applied,including stochastic gradient boosting,eXtreme gradient boosting and elastic *** of estimation were used to define method accuracy,where smaller degree of error indicated better model *** Income,albumin,eGFR,High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol,phosphorus,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and sleep time were all lower in the NAFLD+group,while other factors were all significantly higher except for smoking ***-L had lower estimation errors,thus outperforming *** Model 1,age,uric acid(UA),FEV1,plasma calcium level(Ca),plasma albumin level(Alb)and T-bilirubin were the most important factors in the NAFLD+group,as opposed to age,UA,FEV1,Alb,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and Ca for the *** the importance percentage was much higher than the 2nd important factor,we built Model 2 by removing *** The eGFR were lower in the NAFLD+group compared to the NAFLD-group,with age being was the most important impact factor in both groups of he

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver Estimated glomerular filtration rate Machine learning Chinese women

Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Faculty of Agriculture and Food sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal Science University of Debrecen Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of Debrecen Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen

Methionine(Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-sL layer hybrid(TsL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype, were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs(NoIn); 2) saline-injected(saIn); 3) DL-Met injected(DLM); and 4) L-Met injected(LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area(P significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione(GsH) content, glutathione s-transferase 3 alpha(GsT3), occludin(OCLN) gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TsL genotype than the LM group(P s overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) gene, tricellulin(MD2), occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(sOD1), and GsT3 genes than the TsL genotype(P sion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

Molecular phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial genomes of novel deep-sea corals(Octocorallia:Alcyonacea):Insights into slow evolution and adaptation to extreme deep-sea environments

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 215-225页

作者： Zhan-Fei Wei Kai-Wen ta Nan-Nan Zhang shan-shan Liu Liang Meng Kai-Qiang Liu Chong-Yang Cai Xiao-Tong Peng Chang-Wei shao National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and sustainable Goods Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesQingdaoShandong 266071China BGI-Qingdao BGI-ShenzhenQingdaoShandong 266555China Institute of Deep-sea science and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesSanyaHainan 572000China

A total of 10 specimens of Alcyonacea corals were collected at depths ranging from 905 m to 1633 m by the manned submersible shenhai Yongshi during two cruises in the south China sea(sCs).Based on mitochondrial genomic characteristics,morphological examination,and sclerite scanning electron microscopy,the samples were categorized into four suborders(Calcaxonia,Holaxonia,scleraxonia,and stolonifera),and identified as 9 possible new cold-water coral *** of GC-skew dissimilarity,phylogenetic distance,and average nucleotide identity(ANI)revealed a slow evolutionary rate for the octocoral mitochondrial *** nonsynonymous(Ka)to synonymous(Ks)substitution ratio(Ka/Ks)suggested that the 14 protein-coding genes(PCGs)were under purifying selection,likely due to specific deep-sea environmental *** analysis of the median Ka/Ks values of five gene families and environmental factors indicated that the genes encoding cytochrome b(cyt b)and DNA mismatch repair protein(muts)may be influenced by environmental factors in the context of deep-sea species *** study highlights the slow evolutionary pace and adaptive mechanisms of deep-sea corals.

关键词： Mitochondrial genome Alcyonacea Ka/Ks evolution Environmental factors

The Protocol of Ultrasonic Backscatter Measurements of Musculoskeletal Properties

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Phenomics 2024年第1期4卷 72-80页

作者： Dongsheng Bi Lingwei shi Boyi Li Ying Li Chengcheng Liu Lawrence HLe Jingchun Luo sijia Wang Dean ta Center for Biomedical Engineering School of InformationScience and TechnologyFudan University2005 SonghuRoadYangpu DistrictShanghai 200438China Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G2B7Canada Human Phenome Institute Fudan UniversityShanghai 201203China shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Chinese Academyof SciencesShanghai 200031China

This study aims to introduce the protocol for ultrasonic backscatter measurements of musculoskeletal properties based on a novel ultrasonic backscatter bone diagnostic(UBBD)***-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)can be adopted to measure bone mineral density(BMD)in the hip,spine,legs and the whole *** muscle and fat mass in the legs and the whole body can be also calculated by DXA body composition *** on the proposed protocol for backscatter measurements by UBBD,ultrasonic backscatter signals can be measured in vivo,deriving three backscatter parameters[apparent integral backscatter(AIB),backscatter signal peak amplitude(BsPA)and the corresponding arrival time(BsPT)].AIB may provide important diagnostic information about bone *** and BsPT may be important indicators of muscle and fat *** standardized backscatter measurement protocol of the UBBD instrument may have the potential to evaluate musculoskeletal characteristics,providing help for promoting the application of the backscatter technique in the clinical diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders(MsDs),such as osteoporosis and muscular atrophy.

关键词： Ultrasonic backscatter Musculoskeletal disorders Bone mineral density Muscle mass Fat mass

Washed microbiota transplantation for Crohn’s disease:A metagenomic,metatranscriptomic,and metabolomic-based study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1572-1587页

作者： shi-Ju Chen Da-Ya Zhang Xia Wu Fa-Ming Zhang Bo-ta Cui Yi-Hao Huang Zu-Lun Zhang Rui Wang Fei-Hu Bai Graduate school Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199Hainan ProvinceChina Department of Microbiota Medicine&Medical Center for Digestive Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210011Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570216Hainan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a promising therapeutic approach for treating Crohn’s disease(CD).The new method of FMT,based on the automatic washing process,was named as washed microbiota transplantation(WMT).Most existing studies have focused on observing the clinical ***,the mechanism of action of FMT for the effective management of CD-particularly in-depth multi-omics analysis involving the metagenome,metatranscriptome,and metabolome-has not yet been *** To assess the efficacy of WMT for CD and explore alterations in the microbiome and metabolome in response to *** We conducted a prospective,open-label,single-center clinical *** CD patients underwent *** clinical responses(defined as a decrease in their CD Activity Index score of>100 points)and their microbiome(metagenome,metatranscriptome)and metabolome profiles were evaluated three months after the *** seven of the 11 patients(63.6%)showed an optimal clinical response three months *** microbiome diversity significantly increased after WMT,consistent with improved clinical *** of the metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses revealed consistent alterations in certain strains,such as Faecalibac-terium prausnitzii,Roseburia intestinalis,and Escherichia *** addition,metabolomics analyses demonstrated that CD patients had elevated levels of various amino acids before treatment compared to the ***,levels of vital amino acids that may be associated with disease progression(e.g.,L-glutamic acid,gamma-glutamyl-leucine,and prolyl-glutamine)were reduced after *** WMT demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in CD treatment,likely due to the effective reconstruction of the patient’s ***-omics techniques can effectively help decipher the potential mechanisms of WMT in treating CD.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Clinical trials Fecal microbiota transplant Metagenome Metatranscriptome Metabolome

Petrographic and Geochemical Characteristics of the Granitoids in the south of Godé (North of the square Degree of Léo-Burkina Faso, West Africa)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第2期15卷 106-118页

作者： Adama Ouédraogo Yaméogo Hubert Gounwendmanaghré Zongo Pascal Ouiya Omar Akonyiré Abraham seydoux Traoré saga sawadogo séta Naba Unité de Formation et de Recherche en sciences et Technologies Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Départe-ment des Sciences de la Terre Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouaga Burkina Faso Ecole supérieure d’Ingénieries Université de Fada N’gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Ecole Normale supérieure (ENs)/Institut des sciences et de Technologie (IsT) Ouaga Burkina Faso

south of Godé, in the central-western region of Burkina Faso, granitoids of Paleoproterozoic age are similar to those of the Man/Leo shield. This study focused on the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of these granitoids, with the following results: 1) The tonalite that outcrops in the south-west of the study area belongs to the TTG group or first generation granitoids. They are most often ribboned at outcrop and have a geochemical signature close to that of Archean TTGs. Tonalite has a metaluminous character and the REE spectrum indicates that it may be derived from partial melting of basic magmatic rocks. 2) Biotite granites have no outcrop structure. They are weakly metaluminous to peraluminous and potassic to highly potassic. Their rare earth spectra indicate that they may be derived from the partial melting of TTG granitoids. 3) Geotectonic diagrams show that the granitoids studied to the south of Godé were emplaced in an active tectonic context similar to that of present-day subduction zones.

关键词： Burkina Faso Godé Man/Leo shield Petrography Geochemistry Partial Melting Geotectonic setting

Insight from Lithostructural and Aeromagnetic Data from the Léo square Degree, Central-Western Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 19-28页

作者： Adama Ouédraogo Yaméogo Pascal Ouiya Gounwendmanaghré Hubert Zongo Omar Akonyiré Abraham seydoux Traoré saga sawadogo séta Naba Unité de Formation et de Recherche en sciences et Technologies Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Département des Sciences de la Terre Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouaga Burkina Faso Ecole Normale supérieure (ENs)/Institut des sciences et de Technologie (IsT) Ouaga Burkina Faso Ecole supérieure d’Ingénieries Université de Fada N’gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso

This study, carried out in the Léo square degree (west-central Burkina Faso) in the Palaeoproterozoic domain of the Man/Léo ridge, aims to define the shapes and positions of granitic plutons and the organisation of deformation structures using aeromagnetic data. These data have shown that there are small sub-circular granitic bodies to the north of the granitic masses in this region, and a large sub-circular granitic body to the south, around which are other smaller granitic bodies. The lineament map shows that the deformation structures are organised along three main directions and largely form these sub-circular plutonic bodies. We suggest that the granitic plutons are coalescent, pending identification of the internal structures of these granites to further refine the geodynamic model.

关键词： Burkina Faso Lineaments Belts Rocks Leo’s Leaf Granitoïd Airbornes Magnétics