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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 45-61页

作者： Fabio Casu Aaron M.Watson Justin Yost T.gibson Gaylord Daniel W.Bearden Michael R.Denson Marine Resources Research Institute South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Bozeman Fish Technology Center United States Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Biochemical Sciences Group Chemical Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Hollings Marine Laboratory

A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal(SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate(FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets(named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B12(0.012 mg/kg), folate(10 mg/kg), methionine(1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet(named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet(named FWS) with methionine supplementation(1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet(named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet(named SBM60), and a “natural” diet(named N) made up of equal parts of fish(cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues(liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based *** results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics(P<0.05). FIGLU was not detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets(P<0.05), suggesting that among the different supplementatio

关键词： Aquaculture Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance Red drum Soybean meal N-Formimino-L-glutamate

How neonatal diet affects the long-term development of rumination behavior, rumen fermentation and feed digestion in dairy calves fed a high milk level?

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 326-337页

作者： Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen Rong Peng gibson M. Alugongo Hui Yang Shuai Liu Yulin Ma Jingjun Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding International Calf and Heifer Organization College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

This study was to investigate growth performance, rumination development, rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes(about 20% of calf birth weight) of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each other. Immediately after birth,160 newborn Holstein female calves(41.6 ± 4.2 kg of initial BW) were randomly divided into 2 treatments: 1) starter(CON, only starter) and 2) starter and hay(HAY, both starter and hay). The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84, after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d 196. Treatment had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental period. However, treatment had an effect on the other parameters, mainly during the post-weaning period. Forage supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake(P = 0.05), while increasing the forage intake(P < 0.01) and the feed-to-gain ratio(P < 0.01). HAY calves had increased neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and physically effective NDF(peNDF)intakes(P < 0.05) and tended to lower(P < 0.01) starch intake compared to CON calves. The HAY calves had a higher rumination time(P < 0.01), ruminal pH(P < 0.01), and acetate-to-propionate ratio(P = 0.05)compared to the CON calves. Spearman correlation analysis showed that rumination time was positively related to the ruminal p H at d 84(P = 0.01) and 196(P = 0.02). The HAY calves had similar apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter(DM), NDF and ether extract(EE), but lower digestibility of organic matter(OM, P = 0.03), crude protein(CP, P < 0.01) and starch(P < 0.01) compared to those of the CON calves at week 12. Furthermore, there were no positive relationships between rumination time and nutrient digestibility or between rumination time per kilogram DM and nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, feeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weani

关键词： Neonatal calf Early forage feeding Rumination Rumen fermentation Nutrient digestibility

Extreme drought triggers parallel shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits in upper treeline of the Mediterranean Andes

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 132-143页

作者： Luiz Santini Jr. Dylan Craven Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez Manolo Trindade Quintilhan Stephanie gibson-Carpintero Cristina Aravena Torres Fidel A.Roig Ariel A.Mu?oz Alejandro Venegas-Gonzalez Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra Universidad Mayor GEMA Center for Genomics Ecology and Environment Universidad Mayor Data Observatory Foundation ANID Technology Center Depart-ment of Forest Sciences ESALQ-University of Sao Paulo Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Argentine Institute of Nivology Glaciology and Environmental Sciences(IANIGLA CONICET ) Institute of Geography Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3) Universidad de O'Higgins

Background Treeline ecotones of Mediterranean ecoregions have been affected by the increasing intensity and severity of droughts. Even though the effect of droughts on forest dynamics has been widely documented, knowledge is relatively scarce of how extreme climate episodes affect the hydraulic structure and, therefore, the phys-iology of woody plants. The Mediterranean Andes have experienced an uninterrupted period of drought since 2010, including an extremely dry year in 2019 with approximately 80% rainfall deficit. Here, we investigated shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits of Kageneckia angustifolia, an endemic treeline species, in response to this drought *** We evaluated the xylem plasticity of three K. angustifolia populations across their natural distribution(31–35° SL) based on anatomical(vessel structure and distribution) and physiological(intrinsic water-use efficiency) variables in the tree rings. We focused on the period 2000–2020 that corresponds to before the megadrought(2000–2007),(ii) megadrought(2008–2018) and(iii) hyperdrought(2019–2020). The variables were annualized and analyzed by linear mixed-effects *** Our results provide insights to the anatomical and physiological mechanisms underlying the resilience of treeline forests to persistent droughts in central Chile. We found that the extreme drought in 2019–2020 triggered shifts in vessel size and frequency that increased hydraulic safety. These significant shifts in vessel traits occurred in parallel with a decrease in pit aperture area and an increase in water-use efficiency, further increasing the resilience of K. angustifolia to extreme drought *** Our results revealed coordinated shifts in vessel size and frequency and water-use efficiency in response to the megadrought, thereby reducing vulnerability to hydraulic failure. The apparent resilience of K. angustifolia to extreme droughts suggests that this adaptation to drought stress may incre

关键词： Dendro-anatomy Kageneckia angustifolia Xylem vulnerability Drought Climate change

Telematics as a Transformative Agent for the Zimbabwean Auto Insurance Ecosystem

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第7期12卷 39-58页

作者： Prosper Tafadzwa Denhere Joyce Denhere Gracious Mutipforo Chipo Katsande Allan Muzenda Nelson Matanana.gibson Muridzi Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences Mutare Zimbabwe Department of Risk Advisory Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences Mutare Zimbabwe Department of Business Sciences Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences Mutare Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe has witnessed the evolution of Information Communication Technology (ICT). The vehicle population soared to above 1.2 million hence rendering the Transport and Insurance domains complex. Therefore, there is a need to look at ways that can augment conventional Vehicular Management Information Systems (VMIS) in transforming business processes through Telematics. This paper aims to contextualise the role that telematics can play in transforming the Insurance Ecosystem in Zimbabwe. The main objective was to investigate the integration of Usage-Based Insurance (UBI) with vehicle tracking solutions provided by technology companies like Econet Wireless in Zimbabwe, aiming to align customer billing with individual risk profiles and enhance the synergy between technology and insurance service providers in the motor insurance ecosystem. A triangulation through structured interviews, questionnaires, and literature review, supported by Information Systems Analysis and Design techniques was conducted. The study adopted a case study approach, qualitatively analyzing the complexities of the Telematics insurance ecosystem in Zimbabwe, informed by the TOGAF framework. A case-study approach was applied to derive themes whilst applying within and cross-case analysis. Data was collected using questionnaires, and interviews. The findings of the research clearly show the importance of Telematics in modern-day insurance and the positive relationship between technology and insurance business performance. The study, therefore revealed how UBI can incentivize positive driver behavior, potentially reducing insurance premiums for safe drivers and lowering the incidence of claims against insurance companies. Future work can be done on studying the role of Telematics in combating highway crime and corruption.

关键词： Telematics Vehicle Tracking Systems Usage Based Insurance Digital Insurance Vehicle Management Information Systems Intelligent Transportation Systems

Storylines of family medicine Ⅷ:clinical approaches

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 70-78页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Lauren E gibson-Oliver Elizabeth Kyle Meehan Mari A Ricker David Loxterkamp Stacy A Ogbeide Frank V deGruy Megan R Mahoney Steven Lin Clare MacRae Stewart W Mercer Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Community Medicine The University of Arizona College of Medicine-TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA Bucksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Family and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA Eugene S.Farley Jr.Health Policy CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Family and Community Medicine University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅷ:clinical approaches’,authors address the following themes:‘Evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅠ—toward a working diagnosis’,‘Evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅡ—process steps’,‘Interweaving integrative medicine and family medicine’,‘Halfway—the art of clinical judgment’,‘Seamless integration in family medicine—team-based care’,‘Technology—uncovering stories from noise’and‘Caring for patients with multiple long-term conditions’.May readers recognise in these essays the uniqueness of a family medicine approach to care.

关键词： uniqueness dimensions illustration

Effect of constructing twin tunnels under a building supported by pile foundations in the Sydney central business district

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Underground Space 2019年第4期4卷 261-276页

作者： Hadi Khabbaz Robert gibson Behzad Fatahi School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney(UTS)Australia

In congested cities such as Sydney,competition for underground space escalates within the built environment because various assets require finite geotechnical strength and *** problems such as damage to buildings may develop when high-rise buildings on piled foundations are subject to ground movements as tunnels are *** paper focuses on the risks of tunneling beneath Sydney’s Martin Place and how buildings are subject to additional loads caused by *** key objective of this study is to improve the understanding of tunnel-rock-pile interactions and to encourage sustainable development.A finite element model is developed to predict the interaction between tunnel construction and piled *** tunnel,rock,and pile components are studied separately and are then combined into a single *** ground model is based on the characteristics of Hawkesbury Sandstone and is developed through a desktop *** piles are designed using Australian Standards and observations of high-rise *** tunnel construction is modeled based on the construction sequence of a tunnel boring *** combining the components,a parametric study on the relationship between tunnel location,basements,and piles is *** findings,thus far,show that tunneling can increase the axial and flexural loads of piles,where the additional loading exceeds the structural capacity of some piles,especially those that are close to basement *** parametric study reveals a strong relationship between tunnel depth and lining stresses,while the relationship between tunnel depth and induced pile loads is less ***,the horizontal tunnel position relative to piles shows a stronger relationship with pile *** research into tunnel-rock-pile interactions is recommended,especially beneath basements,to substantiate the results of this study.

关键词： Twin tunnels Finite element modeling Pile foundations Plaxis Sydney central business district

Extraterrestrial Life in the Thermosphere: Plasmas, UAP, Pre-Life, Fourth State of Matter

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 322-376页

作者： R. Joseph C. Impey O. Planchon R. del Gaudio M. Abu Safa A. R. Sumanarathna E. Ansbro D. Duvall G. Bianciardi C. H. gibson R. Schild Astrobiology Research Center California USA Department of Astronomy University of Arizona Tucson USA Biogéosciences Laboratory University of Burgundy Dijon France Department of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Department of Applied Physics Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine Department of Research and Innovation Eco Astronomy International Research Center Tetouan Morocco Space Exploration Ltd. Boyle County Roscommon Ireland Department of Zoology Oklahoma State University (Emeritus) Stillwater USA Department of Science and Medicine Università Degli Studi di Siena Tuscany Italy Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences University of California (Emeritus) San Diego USA Center for Astrophysics Harvard-Smithsonian (Emeritus) Cambridge USA

“Plasmas” up to a kilometer in size and behaving similarly to multicellular organisms have been filmed on 10 separate NASA space shuttle missions, over 200 miles above Earth within the thermosphere. These self-illuminated “plasmas” are attracted to and may “feed on” electromagnetic radiation. They have different morphologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spherical-cylindrical;and have been filmed flying towards and descending from the thermosphere into thunderstorms;congregating by the hundreds and interacting with satellites generating electromagnetic activity;approaching the Space Shuttles. Computerized analysis of flight path trajectories documents these plasmas travel at different velocities from different directions and change their angle of trajectory making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed accelerating, slowing down, stopping, congregating, engaging in “hunter-predatory” behavior and intersecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust trail in their wake. Similar life-like behaviors have been demonstrated by plasmas created experimentally. “Plasmas” may have been photographed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighters”);repeatedly observed and filmed by astronauts and military pilots and classified as Unidentified Aerial—Anomalous Phenomenon. Plasmas are not biological but may represent a form of pre-life that via the incorporation of elements common in space, could result in the synthesis of RNA. Plasmas constitute a fourth state of matter, are attracted to electromagnetic activity, and when observed in the lower atmosphere likely account for many of the UFO-UAP sightings over the centuries.

关键词： Extraterrestrials Plasmas Dusty Plasmas Extremophiles Life in Space Abiogenesis Origins of Life RNA World

Chemical forms and extractability of iron in sediments of three contrasting lakes of China and UK

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 728-733页

作者： gibson C.E.,Stewart B.M. Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science Queen's University Belfast Shenyang 110016 China Newforge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX UK

Iron is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of lakes, especially those lakes that are enriched with phosphorus. Extractability of iron in sediments of West Lake and Taihu Lake in China and Lower Lough Erne in Northern Ireland of UK was comparatively investigated on the basis of analysing chemical forms of iron using different extractants. It was shown that extractable iron in sediments of the lakes was greatly different using various extractants. Reactive iron or easily released iron such as “active" iron oxides, total free iron oxide and water-soluble iron was not high, only accounting for 0.01%—0.15% of total iron. The efficiency of the extractants for exchangeable iron was decreased in the sequence 0.1 mol/L HCl DTPA+TEA mixed solution > 1 mol/L NH 4OAc > 0.5 mol/L MgCl 2 = 0.5 mol/L CaCl 2. It seems that the complexion of iron by organic matter was not strong because the concentration of organically bound iron was significantly lower than the concentration it was forecasted. Extractable iron is not entirely consistent with or dependent on total iron in lake sediments. To a certain extent, phosphate can inhibit the release of iron in sediments of the lakes. The selection of extractants is thus the first key step to evaluate bioavailability of iron in lake sediments.

关键词： iron chemical form extractability lake sediment eutrophication

Data-augmentation for graph neural network learning of the relaxed energies of unrelaxed structures

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2037-2043页

作者： Jason gibson Ajinkya Hire Richard G.Hennig Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Quantum Theory Project University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA

Computational materials discovery has grown in utility over the past decade due to advances in computing power and crystal structure prediction algorithms(CSPA).However,the computational cost of the ab initio calculations required by CSPA limits its utility to small unit cells,reducing the compositional and structural space the algorithms can *** studies have bypassed unneeded ab initio calculations by utilizing machine learning to predict the stability of a ***,graph neural networks trained on large datasets of relaxed structures display high fidelity in predicting formation ***,the geometries of structures produced by CSPA deviate from the relaxed state,which leads to poor predictions,hindering the model’s ability to filter unstable *** remedy this behavior,we propose a simple,physically motivated,computationally efficient perturbation technique that augments training data,improving predictions on unrelaxed structures by 66%.Finally,we show how this error reduction can accelerate CSPA.

关键词： material relaxed utilizing