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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第3期29卷 258-270页

作者： Orwell Madovi Andreas Hoffrichter Nick Little Shanelle N.foster Raphael Isaac Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University428 South Shaw LaneRoom 2120East LansingMI 48824USA Center for Railway Research&Education Broad College of BusinessMichigan State University3535 Forest RoadRoom C-36LansingMI 48910USA

Diesel fuel combustion results in exhaust containing air pollutants and greenhouse gas *** railway vehicles use diesel fuel as their energy *** emissions,as well as concerns about economical,alternative power supply,have driven efforts to move to hydrogen motive *** fuel cell technology applied to railways offers the opportunity to eliminate harmful exhaust emissions and the potential for a low-or zero-emission energy supply ***,only multiple-unit trains with hydrail technology operate *** of an Integrated Hybrid Train Simulator for intercity railway is *** proposed tool incorporates the effect of powertrain components during the wheel-to-tank *** to its predecessors,the proposed reconfigurable tool provides high fidelity with medium requirements and minimum computation *** train simulation and the federal government’s Greenhouse gases,Regulated Emissions,and Energy use in Transportation(GREET)model are used in combination to evaluate the feasibility of various train and powertrain *** Piedmont intercity service operating in North Carolina is used as a case *** study includes six train configurations and powertrain options as well as nine hydrogen supply options in addition to the diesel *** results show that a hydrail option is not only feasible,but a low-or zero-carbon hydrogen supply chain could be possible.

关键词： Hydrail Life cycle assessment Criteria pollutants Well-to-wheel Single train simulation Modeling

关于马克思的十个问题——《马克思的生态学》出版二十多年后的新回答

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马克思主义理论教学与研究 2024年第1期 111-120页

作者：约翰·贝拉米·福斯特罗伯托·安德列斯铁小茜(译) 《每月评论》俄勒冈大学不详山东大学马克思主义学院

福斯特的《马克思的生态学》为新的生态马克思主义研究拓展了路径并奠定了基础,代表了新的生态社会主义方向,其核心内容是围绕对关于马克思十个问题的回答而展开的。该书出版二十多年后的今天,福斯特以访谈的形式重新回答了关于马克思... 详细信息

福斯特的《马克思的生态学》为新的生态马克思主义研究拓展了路径并奠定了基础,代表了新的生态社会主义方向,其核心内容是围绕对关于马克思十个问题的回答而展开的。该书出版二十多年后的今天,福斯特以访谈的形式重新回答了关于马克思的十个问题,除了继续坚持原先的基本观点之外,根据新的研究进展和材料对相关问题进行了新的解释和补充,揭示了马克思唯物主义自然观和历史观的生态学意蕴,全面呈现了马克思思想的生态维度。

关键词：马克思生态学自然历史唯物主义

Ants as architects of living,self-healing structures

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医用生物力学 2013年第S1期28卷 30-32页

作者： David Hu Nathan Mlot Craig Tovey Paul foster Schools of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Schools of Biology Georgia Institute of Technology School of Industrial Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

We present experiments and theory on the ability of fire ants to both flow like a fluid and aggregate like a *** floods,fire ants link their bodies together to weave hydrophobic rafts in the manner of *** returning to land,they construct bivouacs that are shaped such that each ant supports an equal load throughout *** attention is paid to rationalizing construction rates based upon individual behaviors and constraints of the *** ant species form functional self-assemblages by linking themselves *** viewed collectively,a fire ant self-assemblage exhibits bulk material characteristics,such as the ability to flow or support *** assemblages can be constructed and disassembled ***

关键词： assemblage aggregate themselves linking quickly floods constraints tower manner shaped

Analysis of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Houston Ship Channel and Galveston Bay following a large-scale industrial fire using ion-mobility-spectrometry-mass spectrometry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 350-362页

作者： Alan Valdiviezo Noor AAly Yu-Syuan Luo Alexandra Cordova Gaston Casillas MaKayla.foster Erin SBaker Ivan Rusyn Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Chemistry North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are persistent organic pollutants of concern be-cause of their ubiquitous presence in surface and ground water;analytical methods that can be used for rapid comprehensive exposure assessment and fingerprinting of PFAS are *** the fires at the Intercontinental Terminals Company(ITC)in Deer Park,TX in 2019,large quantities of PFAS-containing firefighting foams were *** release of these substances into the Houston Ship Channel/Galveston Bay(HSC/GB)prompted con-cerns over the extent and level of PFAS contamination.A targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)-based study of temporal and spatial patterns of PFAS associated with this incident revealed presence of 7 species;their levels gradually de-creased over a 6-month *** the targeted LC-MS/MS analysis was focused on about 30 PFAS molecules,it may have missed other PFAS compounds present in firefighting ***,we utilized untargeted LC-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrome-try(LC-IMS-MS)-based analytical approach for a more comprehensive characterization of PFAS in these water *** analyzed 31 samples from 9 sites in the HSC/GB that were collected over 5 months after the *** data showed that additional 19 PFAS were detected in surface water of HSC/GB,most of them decreased gradually after the *** features detected by LC-MS/MS correlated well in abundance with LC-IMS-MS data;however,LC-IMS-MS identified a number of additional PFAS,many known to be compo-nents of firefighting *** findings therefore illustrate that untargeted LC-IMS-MS improved our understanding of PFAS presence in complex environmental samples.

关键词： Emergency Environmental disaster PFAS

Tiny insects against the weather flight and foraging patterns of Frankliniella schultzei (Thripidae) not altered by onset of rainfall

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1119-1127页

作者： Lachlan C.Jones Brodie J.foster Michelle A.Rafter Gimme H.Walter School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustrafia

To survive in nature,organisms may need to take direct action to mitigate specific dangers from their environmental *** flying insects are thought to be at particular risk from rainfall that would be of negligible concern to larger *** study species Frankliniella schultzei is a thrips that inhabits flowers and feeds mostly on petal tissue and *** found to respond in the laboratory to decreases in atmospheric pressure associated with cyclonic conditions (rather than merely heavy rainfall),their responses to conditions preceding rainfall have not been tested in the *** field sampling investigated the relationship between floral development and sites at which male,female,and larval thrips were generally present on sunny *** then designed a sampling strategy to test if these thrips can anticipate imminent rainfall or storms and so seek shelter deep within flowers,by sampling host flowers (in sections)on multiple days with different weather *** traps were used to intercept thrips in flight,thus providing a measure of flight behavior across different *** initial sampling found adult thrips primarily at the petal apex of anthesis-stage flowers where pollen is distributed. We subsequently found that rainfall,atmospheric pressure change,temperature,humidity and wind had no effect on flight behavior of E schultzei,or on their positions within *** findings suggest rainfall is not a serious hazard for *** thrips can survive raindrop collisions during flight,as impacts with water droplets are not expected to break the surface tension.

关键词： barometric pressure Frankliniella schultzei Malvaviscus arboreus rainfall shelter thrips

IT-Software SMEs in China, Technology Transfer from Universities and Entrepreneurship, a Successful Nexus？

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2014年第1期8卷 18-48页

作者： Jianghong Cao M. John foster Lorraine Watkins-Mathys Kingston-Business School Kingston University Kingston Upon Thames KT2 7LB UK

Drawing on the empirical work of a broader study, this paper examines whether technology is being successfully transferred from universities to the IT-sottware SMEs present in China, and the effectiveness of entrepreneurship in effecting such transfers. A conceptual framework was generated to guide the investigation. Data were elicited using a detailed questionnaire which generated 53 usable responses; follow-up interviews with 17 of the 53 respondents; and four interviews with relevant government officials （civil servants from the Ministry of Science and Technology and state-owned banks）. There were three main fmdings. Chinese software SMEs tend to be reluctant to adopt new technologies from local tmiversities; there is a lack of common purpose between the parties; and entrepreneurs who did undertake such technology transfer felt the process was badly impeded by the lack of available finance, and expressed fears about poor protection of intellectual property rights in China. The majority of the sample firms acted opportunistically, taking advantage of the benefits offered under government schemes to earn rapid returns mainly using extant technologies. These conclusions suggest that the Chinese government＇s policies in this area of technology transfer have had only limited success.

关键词： entrepreneurship technology transfer universities IT-software,SME China

Atomistic simulations of friction at an ice−ice interface

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Friction 2013年第3期1卷 242-251页

作者： N.SAMADASHVILI B.REISCHL T.HYNNINEN T.ALA-NISSILÄ A.S.foster COMP Centre of Excellence Aalto University School of ScienceDepartment of Applied PhysicsP.O.Box 11100FI-00076 AaltoFinland Department of Physics Tampere University of TechnologyP.O.Box 692FI-33101 TampereFinland

Even though the slipperiness of ice is important both technologically and environmentally and often experienced in everyday life,the nanoscale processes determining ice friction are still *** study the friction of a smooth ice-ice interface using atomistic simulations,and especially consider the effects of temperature,load,and sliding *** this scale,frictional behavior is seen to be determined by the lubricating effect of a liquid premelt layer between the sliding ice *** general,increasing temperature or load leads to a thicker lubricating layer and lower friction,while increasing the sliding velocity increases friction due to viscous shear.

关键词： ice friction nanoscale molecular dynamics TIP4P/ice

Demographics and Population Dynamics Project the Future of Hard Coral Assemblages in Little Cayman

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第1期8卷 196-213页

作者： Kristi A. foster Greg foster Coastal & Marine Ecology Consultants Inc. Nehalem OR USA

Individual hard coral colonies from four representative reef sites around Little Cayman were surveyed yearly between 2010 and 2015, a period of non-disturbance between two elevated seawater temperature anomalies. Photographic censuses produced 7069 annual transitions that were used to describe the demographics (size class frequencies, abundance, area cover) and population dynamics under non-disturbance environmental conditions. Agariciids, Porites asteroides, and Siderastrea radians have replaced acroporids as the predominant massive corals. Recruitment rates were generally low (150 cm2 surface areas, live area cover may remain relatively stable. Projection models indicated that downward population trends would be exacerbated even by mild disturbance (5% - 10% mortality) scenarios. The fate of hard corals on Little Cayman’s reefs was determined to be heavily dependent on the health and transitions of agariciid colonies. Conservation strategies that currently focus on restoration of Caribbean acroporids should be expanded to include agariciids, which were previously considered “weeds”.

关键词： Caribbean Coral Size Class Transitions Vital Rates Recovery Projections Little Cayman

Smaller and bolder prey snails have higher survival in staged encounters with the sea star Pisaster giganteus

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 633-638页

作者： William C. foster Connor M. ARMSTRONG Gregory T. CHISM Jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93180 USA

Temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as animal personality, can have large impacts on individual fitness. Here, we explore the degree to which individual differences in anti-predator response （or boldness） influence survival rates in groups of snails Chlorostoma funebralis when they encounter a predatory sea star Pisaster giganteus. The snail C. funebralis shows consistent individual variation in predator response where some fearful snails actively flee bodies of water occupied by predators whereas bolder snails consistently do not. We show here that bold snails are significantly more likely to survive encounters with a predatory sea star and, somewhat counterintuitively, fearful snails actually suffer higher mortality rates. We also found that smaller snails and those occurring at higher experimental densities experienced higher per capita survival rates. Positive effects of prey boldness on survival are not uncommonly reported in the animal personality literature; however, such results are inconsistent with classic animal personality theory borrowed from the optimal foraging literature. The findings herein add to the growing body of evidence that consistent individual differences in behavior can impact predator-prey interactions and that boldness is potentially under positive predator-driven selection in some systems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome behavioral type predation risk personality survival selection temperament.

Consecutive fecal calprotectin measurements for predicting relapse in pediatric Crohn's disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第10期25卷 1266-1277页

作者： Alice Jane foster Matthew Smyth Alam Lakhani Benjamin Jung Rollin F Brant Kevan Jacobson Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionBritish Columbia Children’s Hospital Pediatrics B.C.Children’s Hospital Research Institute Pediatrics British Columbia children’s HospitalUniversity of British Columbia Department of Statistics University of British Columbia Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine

BACKGROUND Asymptomatic children with Crohn's disease(CD) require ongoing monitoring to ensure early recognition of a disease *** In a cohort of pediatric CD patients, we aimed to assess the utility of serial fecal calprotectin measurements to detect intestinal inflammatory activity and predict disease *** In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, children with CD on infliximab therapy in clinical remission were included. Fecal calprotectin levels were assessed at baseline and at subsequent 2-5 visits. Clinical and biochemical disease activity were assessed using the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Creactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at baseline and at visits over the following 18 *** 53 children were included and eighteen patients(34%) had a clinical disease relapse during the study. Baseline fecal calprotectin levels were higher in patients that developed symptomatic relapse [median(interquartile range), relapse 723μg/g(283-1758) vs 244 μg/g(61-627), P = 0.02]. Fecal calprotectin levels > 250μg/g demonstrated good predictive accuracy of a clinical flare within 3 mo(area under the receiver operator curve was 0.86, 95% confidence limits 0.781 to 0.937).CONCLUSION Routine fecal calprotectin testing in children with CD in clinical remission is useful to predict relapse. Levels > 250 μg/g are a good predictor of relapse in the following 3 mo. This information is important to guide monitoring standards used in this population.

关键词： Fecal calprotectin Disease relapse Biomarker Crohn’s disease Children