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Deformation correlations,stress field switches and evolution of an orogenic intersection:The Pan-African Kaoko-Damara orogenic junction,Namibia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1187-1232页

作者： Ben Goscombe David a.foster David Gray Ben Wade Antonios Marsellos Jason Titus Integrated Terrane Analysis Research(ITAR) 18 Cambridge RdAldgate5154SAAustralia Department of Geological Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA School of Earth Sciences University of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia Adelaide Microscopy University of AdelaideAdelaide5005SAAustralia Hofstra University HempsteadNYUSA

Age calibrated deformation histories established by detailed mapping and dating of key magmatic time markers are correlated across all tectono-metamorphic provinces in the Damara Orogenic *** across structural belts result in an internally consistent deformation framework with evidence of stress field rotations with similar timing,and switches between different deformation *** principle compressive stress rotated clockwise ~180°in total during Kaoko Belt evolution,and^135° during Damara Belt *** most stages,stress field variation is progressive and can be attributed to events within the Damara Orogenic System,caused by changes in relative trajectories of the interacting Rio De La Plata,Congo,and Kalahari *** orogenesis occurred earliest and evolved from collision and obduction at ~590 Ma,involving E-W directed shortening,progressing through different transpressional states with ~45° rotation of the stress field to strike-slip shear under NW-SE shortening at ~550-530 *** orogenesis evolved from collision at ~555-550 Ma with NW-SE directed shortening in common with the Kaoko Belt,and subsequently evolved through ~90°rotation of the stress field to NE-SW shortening at ~512-508 *** Kaoko and Damara orogenic fronts were operating at the same time,with all three cratons being coaxially convergent during the 550-530 Ma period;Rio De La Plata directed SE against the Congo Craton margin,and both together over-riding the Kalahari Craton margin also towards the *** stress field rotation was punctuated by rapid and significant switches at ~530-525 Ma,~508 Ma and ~505 *** three events included:(1)Culmination of main phase orogenesis in the Damara Belt,coinciding with maximum burial and peak metamorphism at 530-525 *** occurred at the same time as termination of transpression and initiation of transtensional reactivation of shear zones in the Kaoko *** compressive stress switched from NW-

关键词： Damara Orogen Stress fields Orogeny Assembly of Gondwana Event geochronology Deformation correlations

TGF-β信号缺陷是否是人类癌症中的致命弱点?

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癌症 2008年第8期27卷 882-884页

作者： David a.foster Noga Gadir Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College of the City University of New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 76100Israel

癌细胞中的存活信号可激活mTOR-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白。mTOR可抑制TGF-β信号,后者可使细胞周期停滞于G1后期,因此,活化后的mTOR可防止细胞周期停滞于TGF-β介导的检验点。雷帕霉素可重新激活TGF-β信号,从而导致G1期细胞停滞。在人... 详细信息

癌细胞中的存活信号可激活mTOR-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白。mTOR可抑制TGF-β信号,后者可使细胞周期停滞于G1后期,因此,活化后的mTOR可防止细胞周期停滞于TGF-β介导的检验点。雷帕霉素可重新激活TGF-β信号,从而导致G1期细胞停滞。在人类癌症中,TGF-β信号通常发生缺陷,相反,在雷帕霉素作用下,TGF-β信号缺陷的癌细胞不发生G1期停滞,而发生凋亡。因此,在基于雷帕霉素的抗癌治疗策略中,TGF-β信号缺陷可能是癌细胞的致命弱点。

关键词： TGF-β mTOR 雷帕霉素凋亡存活信号癌细胞

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航天飞机的两个固体火箭发动机的推力不平衡

国外导弹与航天运载器 1990年第3期 59-66页

作者： Winfred a.foster 李庆中

作者在以前的文章中曾提出了对航天飞机发射时并行点火的大型固体火箭发动机对的推力不平衡进行理论分析的Monte Carlo法。本文对这种分析法的有效性作了进一步论证,给出了航天飞机计划的试验结果,并与Monte Carlo分析法的结果进行了比... 详细信息

作者在以前的文章中曾提出了对航天飞机发射时并行点火的大型固体火箭发动机对的推力不平衡进行理论分析的Monte Carlo法。本文对这种分析法的有效性作了进一步论证,给出了航天飞机计划的试验结果,并与Monte Carlo分析法的结果进行了比较。文中分三个阶段对试验结果进行了检验:(1)从四个用于静态试验的研制发动机(DM1到4)中挑选固体火箭发动机对;(2)从三个鉴定发动机(QM1到3)中挑选出的发动机对;(3)首次飞行试验结果。讨论了飞行试验测量设备引起的推力不平衡评估中可能产生的不准确性。理论和试验值大体符合,为未来的航天飞机固体火箭发动机对进行推力不平衡分析的Monte Conlo预测法由此得到印证。

关键词：航天飞机火箭发动机推力

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C genotype 3 infection:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah Z Farooq Michael James Jane Abbott Patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed Choudhry Graham R foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a blood-borne virus which globally affects around 79 million people and is associated with high morbidity and *** infection leads to cirrhosis in a large proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in people with *** the 6 HCV genotypes(G1-G6),genotype-3 accounts for 17.9%of *** genotype-3 responds least well to directly-acting antivirals and patients with genotype-3 infection are at increased risk of HCC even if they do not have *** To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV-G3 in all ***,we studied possible risk factors for HCC due to HCV-G3 in the literature from 1946 to *** This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing and published studies of risk factors for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 and evaluate their strengths and *** searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CENTRAL for publications reporting risk factors for HCC due to HCV genotype-3 in all settings,*** Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as *** thousand eight hundred and eighty-four records were screened with 3514 *** hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for eligibility with seven studies included for *** the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study *** were based in hospital settings with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United *** total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed HCC(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for HCC secondary to HCV genotype-3 followed by higher age(five-studies),with two studies each showing male sex,high alpha feto-protein,directly-acting antivirals trea

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Genotype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

Evaluation of Ruminal Dry Matter Disappearance and pH of Dry Corn, High-Moisture Corn, and Rye under in Vitro Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 327-332页

作者： Warren Carl Rusche Zachary Kidd foster Smith South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.

关键词： Corn Grain Processing Ruminal Fermentation Rye

Evaluation of Clinician Training in Autism Screening, Care Management, and Patient Education

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 488-513页

作者： Belinda O’Hagan Julie White Ilana Hardesty Rachel Amgott Candice Bangham Xinyang Liu Alyson Codner Amy Ursitti Alana Chandler Sarah foster Marilyn Augustyn Jacey Greece Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Boston Medical Center Boston United States of America Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston United States of America Department of Community Health Sciences Boston University School of Public Health Boston United States of America

Objective: The demand for pediatric developmental evaluations has far exceeded the workforce available to perform them, which creates long significant wait times for services. A year-long clinician training using the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO®) model with monthly meetings was conducted and evaluated for its impact on primary care clinicians’ self-reported self-efficacy, ability to administer autism screening and counsel families, professional fulfillment, and burnout. Methods: Participants represented six community health centers and a hospital-based practice. Data collection was informed by participant feedback and the Normalization Process Theory via online surveys and focus groups/interviews. Twelve virtual monthly trainings were delivered between November 2020 and October 2021. Results: 30 clinicians participated in data collection. Matched analyses (n = 9) indicated statistically significant increase in self-rated ability to counsel families about autism (Pre-test Mean = 3.00, Post-test Mean = 3.89, p = 0.0313), manage autistic patients’ care (Pre-test Mean = 2.56, Post-test Mean = 4.11, p = 0.0078), empathy toward patients (Pre-test Mean = 2.11, Post-test Mean = 1.22, p = 0.0156) and colleagues (Pre-test Mean = 2.33, Post-test Mean = 1.22, respectively, p = 0.0391). Unmatched analysis revealed increases in participants confident about educating patients about autism (70.59%, post-test n = 12 vs. 3.33%, pre-test n = 1, p = 0.0019). Focus groups found increased confidence in using the term “autism”. Conclusion: Participants reported increases in ability and confidence to care for autistic patients, as well as empathy toward patients and colleagues. Future research should explore long-term outcomes in participants’ knowledge retention, confidence in practice, and improvements to autism evaluations and care.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Program Evaluation Case-Based Training Provider Burnout Continuing Medical Education

马克思主义生态学与人类可持续发展——约翰·贝拉米·福斯特访谈

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当代世界与社会主义 2024年第3期 164-169页

作者： [美]约翰·贝拉米·福斯特 [尼泊尔]马赫什·马斯基郭成(编译) 美国俄勒冈大学《每月评论》杂志尼泊尔《左派》(Bampanth) 南开大学马克思主义学院

当代西方马克思主义生态学理论的代表人物之一约翰·贝拉米·福斯特在尼泊尔《左派》杂志主编马赫什·马斯基的访谈中,围绕马克思主义生态学与人类可持续发展,先后阐述了他对经济落后国家如何实现生态友好型发展主要资本主义经济体的生... 详细信息

当代西方马克思主义生态学理论的代表人物之一约翰·贝拉米·福斯特在尼泊尔《左派》杂志主编马赫什·马斯基的访谈中,围绕马克思主义生态学与人类可持续发展,先后阐述了他对经济落后国家如何实现生态友好型发展主要资本主义经济体的生态发展转向以及资本主义替代方案等方面的思考。同时,他对尼泊尔等生态脆弱国家应该采取何种切实策略提出了建议,还对日本马克思主义学者斋藤幸平提出的“去增长共产主义”进行了评论,认为斋藤幸平的观点其优点在于将一系列问题直接摆在了我们面前。此外,福斯特尤其表达了对于中国生态文明理念的肯定,指出中国的生态文明理念和建设实践是当今世界生态可持续发展的主要希望之一。最后,他批判了试图用生态社会主义取代社会主义的错误观点。福斯特的访谈对于我们理解生态学马克思主义和人类可持续发展具有积极意义。

关键词：人类可持续发展生态学马克思主义去增长共产主义生态文明生态社会主义

资本大劫掠:美国工人阶级面临日益严重的剥削和洗劫

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国外理论动态 2024年第3期 115-125页

作者：弗雷德·马格多夫约翰·贝拉米·福斯特李帅(译) 李芳(译) 美国佛蒙特大学植物与土壤科学系美国俄勒冈大学社会学系云南大学马克思主义学院

当前,美国工人阶级正在被资本大肆劫掠,工人除了被资本家直接剥削外,还遭受着隐蔽剥削。资本家不断将工人创造的剩余价值收入囊中,这给工人阶级带来了灾难性后果。文章聚焦劳动力剥削的新变化和新特征,从垄断资本的视角分析当代资本主... 详细信息

当前,美国工人阶级正在被资本大肆劫掠,工人除了被资本家直接剥削外,还遭受着隐蔽剥削。资本家不断将工人创造的剩余价值收入囊中,这给工人阶级带来了灾难性后果。文章聚焦劳动力剥削的新变化和新特征,从垄断资本的视角分析当代资本主义存在的结构性危机,并以此为线索叙述了新自由主义的转向,以及新自由主义对工会的攻击和对工人阶级的全面掠夺。对此,美国工人阶级应该组织起来,开展新的工会斗争予以反击。只有发起像1930年代那种自下而上的大规模起义,才能凝聚起强大的工人力量,创造一个更加公平和公正的社会。

关键词：资本主义危机美国工人阶级剥削新自由主义劳工运动

东西方的马克思主义生态学:李约瑟与非欧洲中心视角下的中国生态文明起源论

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当代中国价值观研究 2024年第2期9卷 118-128页

作者：约翰·贝拉米·福斯特周岳(译) 美国俄勒冈大学社会学系南开大学马克思主义学院

福斯特通过比较英国汉学家李约瑟对马克思主义生态学在东西方文化中视角差异的分析,强调了中国“生态文明”理念的非欧洲中心主义立场,继之突显了跨文化生态学的重要性。尽管马克思主义生态学起源于西方,但却同样受到了东方国家的普遍... 详细信息

福斯特通过比较英国汉学家李约瑟对马克思主义生态学在东西方文化中视角差异的分析,强调了中国“生态文明”理念的非欧洲中心主义立场,继之突显了跨文化生态学的重要性。尽管马克思主义生态学起源于西方,但却同样受到了东方国家的普遍欢迎。这种现象的源头可以追溯至古希腊唯物主义哲学和中国传统哲学的自然观。基于此,福斯特着重探讨了马克思主义唯物辩证法与中国“有机自然主义”的结合,并解释了这种结合对于中国的影响。同时,他还驳斥了一些错误观点,强调了马克思主义对于中国“生态文明”理念形成的重要贡献,进而得出结论:伴随着中国的日益崛起,中国的“生态文明”理念很可能会在全球生态马克思主义的发展中扮演愈发重要的角色。

关键词：李约瑟论题生态文明欧洲中心主义中国生态马克思主义