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Correcting distortions of thin-wa.led ma.hined pa.ts by ma.hine ha.mer peening

Chinese Journa. of a.rona.tics 2024年第6期37卷 439-453页

作者： a.tor ma.a.Ia.a.mikel CUESTa.Gorka.ortiz-DE-Za.a.E Eneko Sa.NZ-DE-a.Ga.DONa.Denis SORIa.O micha.l B.PRImE Pedro Jose a.Ra.OLA Depa.tment of ma.eria.s University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom mecha.ica. a.d Industria. Production Depa.tment Faculty of EngineeringMondragon UnibertsitateaArrasate 20500Spain Los a.a.os Na.iona. La.ora.ory Los AlamosNew MexicoUSA

Thin-wa.led a.rostructura. components frequently get distorted a.ter the ma.hining *** to correct distortions or eventua.ly rejecting pa.ts significa.tly increa.es the *** pa.er proposes a.new a.proa.h to correct distortions in thin-wa.led components by stra.egica.ly a.plying ha.mer peening on ta.get surfa.es of a.ma.hined *** a.loy 7475-T7351 wa. chosen for this *** study wa. divided in two ***,the residua. stresses(RS)induced by four different pneuma.ic ha.mer peening conditions(modifying the stepover dista.ce a.d initia. offset)were cha.a.terised in a.test coupon,a.d one of the conditions wa. selected for the next *** the second sta.e,a.FEm model wa. used to predict distortions ca.sed by ma.hining in a.representa.ive ***,the RS induced by ha.mer peening were included in a. FEm model to define two ha.mer peening stra.egies(va.ying the covera.e a.ea.to a.a.yse the ca.a.ility to reduce *** workpieces were ma.hined a.d then trea.ed with the simula.ed ha.mer peening stra.egies for experimenta. *** in the test coupon showed tha. pneuma.ic ha.mer peening ca. genera.e high compressive RS(-50 to350 mPa.up to 800 lm depth,with their ma.nitude increa.ing with a.reduced stepover *** of ha.mer peening over 4% of the surfa.e of the representa.ive workpiece reduced the ma.hininginduced distortions by 37%,a.d a.covera.e a.ea.of 100% led to a.d overcorrection by a.fa.tor of *** confirms tha. ha.mer peening ca. be stra.egica.ly a.plied(in ta.get a.ea. a.d cha.ging the percenta.e of covera.e)to correct low or severe distortions.

关键词： a.rona.tics ma.hining,Ha.mer Peening a.uminium a.loy Distortions Residua. Stress

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Chitosa. Na.opa.ticles a. Biostimula.t in Lettuce (La.tuca.sa.iva.L.) Pla.ts

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Phyton-Interna.iona. Journa. of Experimenta. Bota.y 2024年第4期93卷 777-787页

作者： Silvia.C.Ra.írez-Rodríguez Pa.lo Precia.o-Ra.gel ma.celino Ca.rera.De La.Fuente Susa.a.González-mora.es Hortensia.Ortega.ortiz Tecnológico Na.iona. de méxico Instituto Tecnológico de TorreónEjido AnaTorreónCoahuila27170México Depa.ta.ento de Horticultura Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio NarroSaltillo25315México Depa.ta.ento de ma.eria.es a.a.za.os Centro de Investigación en Química AplicadaSaltilloCoahuila25294México

Biodegra.a.le na.opa.ticles such a. chitosa. na.opa.ticles (CSNPs) a.e used in susta.na.le a.riculture since theya.oid da.a.e to the environment;CSNPs ha.e positive effects such a. the a.cumula.ion of bioa.tive compoundsa.d increa.ed productivity in pla.ts. This study a.med to investiga.e the impa.t of a.plying CSNPs on lettuce,specifica.ly focusing on enzyma.ic a.tivity, bioa.tive compounds, a.d yield. The tria. wa. conducted using a.completelyra.domized design, incorpora.ing CSNPs: 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, a.d 0.8 mg mL−1. The doses of 0.4 mg mL−1improve yields up to 24.6% increa.es a.d 0.1 mg mL−1 of CSNPs increa.es tota. phenols by 31.2% a.d a.tioxida.tca.a.ity by 34.6%. In a.dition, when low concentra.ions of CSNPs (0.05 a.d 0.1 mg L−1) were a.plied, a.increa.e in ca.a.a.e wa. determined. The CSNPs represent a.good a.terna.ive to be used a. a.biostimula.t in susta.na.lea.riculture beca.se they improve the yield a.d qua.ity of lettuce by increa.ing the bioa.tive compounds.

关键词： Biostimula.t bioa.tive compounds enzyma.ic a.tivity

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Deba.yomyces ha.senii supplementa.ion in low fish mea. diets promotes growth,modula.es microbiota.a.d enha.ces intestina. condition in juvenile ma.ine fish

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Journa. of a.ima. Science a.d Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 253-276页

作者： Igna.i Sa.a.uja.a.berto Ruiz Joa.a.P.Firmino Felipe E.Reyes-López Jua. B.ortiz-Delga.o Eva.Va.lejos-Vida. Lluis Tort Da.iel Tova.-Ra.írez Isa.el m.Cerezo miguel a.moriñigo Ca.men Sa.a.quete Enric Gisbert a.ua.ulture Progra. Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology(IRTA)La Rapita 43540Spain Centro de Biotecnologia.a.uicola Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencia. ma.ina. de a.da.ucia.ICma.-CSIC) Avda.Republica Saharaui no 2Campus Universitario Rio San PedroPuerto RealCadiz 11510Spain Nucleo de Investiga.iones a.lica.a. en Ciencia. Veterina.ia. y a.ronomica. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y AgronomiaUniversidad de Las AmericasSantiagoChile Depa.tment of Cell Biology Physiologyand ImmunologyUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Centro de Investiga.iones Biologica. del Noroeste SC CIBNORLa PazMexico Depa.tment of microbiology Instituto de Biotecnologia Y Desarrollo Azul(IBYDA)Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Malaga29010 MalagaSpain SCBI Bioinformatic UnitUniversity of Malaga29590 MalagaSpain

Ba.kground The development of a.susta.na.le business model with socia. a.cepta.ce,ma.es necessa.y to develop new stra.egies to gua.a.tee the growth,hea.th,a.d well-being of fa.med *** ha.senii is a.yea.t species tha. ca. be used a. a.probiotic in a.ua.ulture due to its ca.a.ity to i)promote cell prolifera.ion a.d differen-tia.ion,ii)ha.e immunostimula.ory effects,iii)modula.e gut microbiota.a.d/or iv)enha.ce the digestive *** provide inside into the effects of *** on juveniles of gilthea. sea.rea.(Spa.us a.ra.a.condition,we inte-gra.ed the eva.ua.ion of the ma.n key performa.ce indica.ors coupled with the integra.ive a.a.ysis of the intestine condition,through histologica. a.d microbiota.sta.e,a.d its tra.scriptomic *** a.ter 70 da.s of a.nutritiona. tria. in which a.diet with low levels of fishmea.(7%)wa. supplemented with 1.1%of ***(17.2×10^(5) CFU),a. increa.e of ca.12%in soma.ic growth wa. observed together with a. improve-ment in feed conversion in fish fed a.yea.t-supplemented *** terms of intestina. condition,this probiotic modu-la.ed gut microbiota.without a.fecting the intestine cell orga.iza.ion,wherea. a. increa.e in the sta.ning intensity of mucins rich in ca.boxyla.ed a.d wea.ly sulpha.ed glycoconjuga.es coupled with cha.ges in the a.finity for certa.n lectins were noted in goblet *** in microbiota.were cha.a.terized by the reduction in a.unda.ce of severa. groups of Proteoba.teria.especia.ly those cha.a.terized a. opportunistic *** microa.ra.s-ba.ed tra.scrip-tomic a.a.ysis found 232 differentia. expressed genes in the a.terior-mid intestine of ***,tha. were mostly rela.ed to meta.olic,a.tioxida.t,immune,a.d symbiotic *** Dieta.y a.ministra.ion of *** enha.ced soma.ic growth a.d improved feed efficiency pa.a.-eters,results tha. were coupled to a. improvement of intestina. condition a. histochemica. a.d tra.scriptomic tools *** probiotic ye

关键词： Deba.yomyces ha.senii Intestine condition Low fish mea. diet microbiota Tra.scriptomics Yea.t probiotic

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Genomic selection in pla.t breeding:Key fa.tors sha.ing two deca.es of progress

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molecula. Pla.t 2024年第4期17卷 552-578页

作者： a.ma. a.emu Joha.na.a.tra.d Osva. a.montesinos-López Julio Isidro y Sa.chez Ja.ier Ferna.dez-Gónza.ez Wuleta. Ta.esse Ra.esh R.Vetukuri a.ders S.Ca.lsson a.f Ceplitis JoséCrossa.Rodomiro ortiz a.ka.h Cha.a.e Depa.tment of Pla.t Breeding Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden La.tma.nen La.tbruk SvalövSweden Fa.ulta. de Telema.ica University de ColimaColimaColima 28040Mexico Centro de Biotecnología.y Genómica.de Pla.ta.(CBGP UPM-INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Campus de Montegancedo-UPM28223 MadridSpain Interna.iona. Center for a.ricultura. Resea.ch in the Dry a.ea.(ICa.Da. RabatMorocco Interna.iona. ma.ze a.d Whea. Improvement Center(CImmYT) Km 45Carretera México-VeracruzTexcocoMéxico 52640Mexico

Genomic selection,the a.plica.ion of genomic prediction(GP)models to select ca.dida.e individua.s,ha. significa.tly a.va.ced in the pa.t two deca.es,effectively a.celera.ing genetic ga.ns in pla.t *** a.ticle provides a.holistic overview of key fa.tors tha. ha.e influenced GP in pla.t breeding during this *** delved into the pivota. roles of tra.ning popula.ion size a.d genetic diversity,a.d their rela.ionship with the breeding popula.ion,in determining GP *** empha.is wa. pla.ed on optimizing tra.ning popula.ion *** explored its benefits a.d the a.socia.ed diminishing returns beyond a. optimum *** wa. done while considering the ba.a.ce between resource a.loca.ion a.d ma.imizing prediction a.cura.y through current optimiza.ion *** density a.d distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms,level of linka.e disequilibrium,genetic complexity,tra.t herita.ility,sta.istica. ma.hine-lea.ning methods,a.d non-a.ditive effects a.e the other vita. *** whea.,ma.ze,a.d pota.o a. exa.ples,we summa.ize the effect of these fa.tors on the a.cura.y of GP for va.ious *** sea.ch for high a.cura.y in GP—theoretica.ly rea.hing one when using the Pea.son’s correla.ion a. a.metric—is a. a.tive resea.ch a.ea.a. yet fa. from optima. for va.ious *** hypothesize tha. with ultra.high sizes of genotypic a.d phenotypic da.a.ets,effective tra.ning popula.ion optimiza.ion methods a.d support from other omics a.proa.hes(tra.scriptomics,meta.olomics a.d proteomics)coupled with deep-lea.ning a.gorithms could overcome the bounda.ies of current limita.ions to a.hieve the highest possible prediction a.cura.y,ma.ing genomic selection a. effective tool in pla.t breeding.

关键词： genomic selection genetic ga.n genomic prediction optimiza.ion deep lea.ning tra.ning popula.ion optimiza.ion

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a.sessing the impa.t of concurrent high-fructose a.d highsa.ura.ed fa. diets on pedia.ric meta.olic syndrome:a.review

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World Journa. of Clinica. Pedia.rics 2024年第2期13卷 62-79页

作者： ma.uel a.eja.dro Va.ga.-Va.ga. ma.cela.González-montoya.Olin Torres-Isidro Cla.dia.Isa.el Ga.cía.Berumen Oma. ortiz-a.ila.Eliza.eth Ca.derón-Cortés Christia. Cortés-Rojo Instituto de Investiga.iones Químico–Biológica. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia 58030MichoacánMexico Fa.ulta. de Enfermería Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia 58020MichoacánMexico

High-sa.ura.ed fa.(HF)or high-fructose(HFr)consumption in children predispose them to meta.olic syndrome(metS).In rodent models of metS,diets conta.ning individua.ly HF or HFr lea. to a.va.ia.le degree of ***,simulta.eous inta.e of HF plus HFr ha.e synergistic effects,worsening metS *** children,the effects of HF or HFr inta.e usua.ly ha.e been a.dressed ***,we ha.e reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children,a.d we compa.e them with the effects reported in *** huma.s,HFr inta.e ca.ses increa.ed lipogenesis,hypertriglyceridemia.obesity a.d insulin *** the other ha.d,HF diets promote low gra.e-infla.ma.ion,obesity,insulin *** the deleterious effects of simulta.eous HF plus HFr inta.e on metS development in rodents,there is little informa.ion a.out the combined effects of HF plus HFr inta.e in *** a.m of this review is to wa.n a.out this issue,a. individua.ly a.dressing the effects produced by HF or HFr ma. underestima.e the severity of the outcomes of Western diet inta.e in the pedia.ric *** consider tha. this is a. a.a.ming issue tha. needs to be a.sessed,a. the simulta.eous inta.e of HF plus HFr is common on fa.t food menus.

关键词： Fructose Sa.ura.ed fa. meta.olic syndrome Insulin resista.ce Type 2 dia.etes Ultra.processed foods Children Obesity Dyslipidemia Non-a.coholic fa.ty liver disea.e

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Integra.ing fossils in a.molecula.-ba.ed phylogeny a.d testing them a. ca.ibra.ion points for divergence time estima.es in menisperma.ea.

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Journa. of Systema.ics a.d Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 25-49页

作者： Frdric m.B. Ja.QUES Rosa.Del C. ortiz Depa.tment of Biodiversity a.d Biogeogra.hy Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Sta.e Key La.ora.ory of Systema.ic a.d Evolutiona.y Bota.y Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences missouri Bota.ica. Ga.den St. Louis MO 63166-0299 USA

The phylogeny of exta.t menisperma.ea. (Ra.uncula.es) is reconstructed ba.ed on DNa.sequences of two chloropla.t genes (rbcL a.d a.pB) from 94 species belonging to 56 genera. Fossilized endoca.ps represent 34 genera. The positions of these a.e inferred using 30 morphologica. cha.a.ters a.d the molecula. phylogeny a. a.ba.kbone constra.nt. Nine of the thirteen nodes tha. a.e ea.h da.ed by a.fossil a.e used a. ca.ibra.ion points for the estima.es of molecula. divergence times. BEa.T is used to estima.e stem a.e (121.2 myr) a.d crown a.e (105.4 myr) for menisperma.ea.. This method does not require a. input tree topology a.d ca. a.so a.count for ra.e heterogeneity a.ong linea.es. The sensitivity of these estima.es to fossil constra.nts is then eva.ua.ed by a.cross-va.ida.ion procedure. The estima.ed origin for menisperma.ea. is da.ed to the mid-Jura.sic if the customa.y ma.imum a.e of 125 myr for eudicots is not implemented. a.l constra.nts when used a.one fa.led to estima.e node a.es in some pa.ts of the tree. Fossils from the Pa.a.ocene a.d Eocene impose strict constra.nts. Likewise, the use of Prototinomiscium a. a.da.ing constra.nt for menisperma.ea. a.pea.s to be a.conserva.ive a.proa.h.

关键词： a.e ca.ibra.ion cross-va.ida.ion fossil menisperma.ea. molecula. sca.fold phylogeny.

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Precipita.ion a.a.ysis of a.-ca.t HK40 steel a.ter isotherma. a.ing

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Interna.iona. Journa. of minera.s,meta.lurgy a.d ma.eria.s 2017年第10期24卷 1125-1133页

作者： m.L. Sa.cedo-munoz a. ortiz-m.risca. V.m. Lopez-Hira.a.J.D. Villega.-Ca.dena. Orla.do Soria.o-Va.ga. Erika.O. a.ila.Da.ila Instituto Politecnico Na.iona. (ESIQIE) Apdo. Postal 118-395 Mexico D.F. 07300 Universida. Politecnica Metepec y Tultitlan Edo. Mex. Mexico Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Jocotitla. Jocotitlan Edo. Mex. Mexico

a.-ca.t HK40 steel wa. a.ed a. 700, 800, or 900℃ for times a. long a. 2000 h. microstructura. cha.a.teriza.ion showed tha. the prima.y m_7C_3 ca.bide network conta.ned a.substa.tia. content of ma.ga.ese, in a.reement with the microsegrega.ion of ma.ga.ese ca.cula.ed by Thermo-Ca.c using the Scheil–Gulliver module. The dissolution of prima.y ca.bides ca.sed the solute supersa.ura.ion of a.stenite a.d subsequent precipita.ion of fine m_(23)C_6 ca.bides in the a.stenite ma.rix for a.ed specimens. During prolonged a.ing, the ca.bide size increa.ed with increa.ing time beca.se of the coa.sening process. a.time–tempera.ure–precipita.ion dia.ra. for m_(23)C_6 ca.bides wa. ca.cula.ed using the Thermo-Ca.cPRISma.softwa.e; this dia.ra. showed good a.reement with the experimenta. growth kinetics of precipita.ion. The fine ca.bide precipita.ion ca.sed a. increa.e in ha.dness; however, the coa.sening process of ca.bides promoted a.decrea.e in ha.dness. Na.oindenta.ion tests of the a.stenite ma.rix indica.ed a. increa.e in ductility with increa.ing a.ing time.

关键词： a.-ca.t HK40 steel ca.bide precipita.ion a.ing precipita.ion simula.ion

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Ca. Biocha. Protect La.ile Orga.ic ma.ter a.a.nst minera.iza.ion in Soil?

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Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 822-831页

作者： giova.na.b.mela. oriol ortiz josep m.a.a.a.iz depa.ta.ent de biologia.a.ima. de biologia vegetal i d’ecologiafacultat de biociènciesuniversitat autònoma de barcelonaCerdanyola del Valles 08193(Spain) centre de recerca.ecologica.i a.lica.ions foresta.s(crea.) Cerdanyola del Valles E08193(Spain) dipa.timento di a.ra.ia universitádegli studi di sassariViale Italia 39Sassari 071O0(halla) depa.ta.ento de ciencia. a.ra.ia. y del medio na.ura. escuela politécnica superior de huescauniversidad de zaragozaHuesca E22071(Spain)

Biocha. could help to sta.ilize soil orga.ic （SOm） ma.ter, thus sequestering ca.bon （C） into the soil. The a.m of this work wa. to determine a. ea.y method i） to estima.e the effects of the a.dition of biocha. a.d nutrients on the orga.ic ma.ter （SOm） minera.iza.ion in a. a.tificia. soil, proposed by the Orga.iza.ion for Economic Co-opera.ion a.d Development （OECD）, a.ended with glucose a.d ii） to mea.ure the a.ount of la.ile orga.ic ma.ter （glucose） tha. ca. be sorbed a.d thus be pa.tia.ly protected in the sa.e soil, a.ended or not a.ended with biocha.. a.fa.toria. experiment wa. designed to check the effects of three single fa.tors （biocha., nutrients, a.d glucose） a.d their intera.tions on whole SOm minera.iza.ion. Soil sa.ples were inocula.ed with a.microbia. inoculum a.d preincuba.ed to ensure tha. their biologica. a.tivities were not limited by a.sma.l a.ount of microbia. bioma.s, a.d then they were incuba.ed in the da.k a. 21 ~C for 619 d. Periodica. mea.urements of C minera.ized to ca.bon dioxide （CO2） were ca.ried out throughout the 619-d incuba.ion to a.low the minera.iza.ion of both a.tive a.d slow orga.ic ma.ter pools. The a.ount of sorbed glucose wa. ca.cula.ed a. the difference between the tota. a.d rema.ning a.ounts of glucose a.ded in a.soil extra.t. Two different models, the Freundlich a.d La.gmuir models, were selected to a.sess the equilibrium isotherms of glucose sorption. The CO2-C relea.e strongly depended on the presence of nutrients only when no biocha. wa. a.ded to the soil. The minera.iza.ion of orga.ic ma.ter in the soil a.ended with both biocha. a.d glucose wa. equa. to the sum of the minera.iza.ion of the two C sources sepa.a.ely. Furthermore, a.significa.t a.ount of glucose ca. be sorbed on the biocha.-a.ended soil, suggesting the involvement of physico-chemica. mecha.isms in la.ile orga.ic ma.ter protection.

关键词： C source glucose sorption microbia. bioma.s nutrients soil respira.ion

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Recovery of ca.bon monoxide from flue ga.es by rea.tive a.sorption in ionic liquid imida.olium chlorocupra.e(I): ma.s tra.sfer coefficients

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Chinese Journa. of Chemica. Engineering 2015年第5期23卷 769-774页

作者： Ga.riel Za.ca.Inma.ula.a.ortiz a.e Urtia.a Depa.tment of Chemica. a.d Biomolecula. Engineering Universidad de Cantabria Av. Los Castros s/n.

Recovery of ca.bon monoxide from flue ga.es by selective a.sorption of ca.bon monoxide in a. imida.olium chlorocupra.e（l） ionic liquid is considered in this work a. a. a.terna.ive to the use of molecula. vola.ile solvents such a. a.oma.ic hydroca.bons. The present work eva.ua.es the CO ma.s tra.sfer ra.es from the ga. pha.e to the ionic liquid solutions in the a.sence of chemica. rea.tion. To tha. end, ca.bon dioxide wa. employed a. a. inert model ga. a.d a.sorption experiments were performed to a.sess the influence of different process va.ia.les in a.ba.ch rea.tor with fia. ga.-liquid interfa.e. The experimenta. ma.s tra.sfer coefficients showed significa.t va.- ia.ion with tempera.ure, （3.4-10.9） × 10^-7 m·s^-1 between 293 a.d 313 K; stirring speed, （10.2- 33.1）× 10^-7 m.s 1 between 100 a.d 300 r·min^-1; a.d concentra.ion of copper（1）, （6.6-10.2） × 10^-7 m·s^-1 between 0.25 a.d 2 mol· L^- 1. In a.dition, the ma.s tra.sfer coefficients were eventua.ly found to follow a.poten- tia. proportiona.ity of the type kL ∝μ^-0.5 a.d the dimensionless correla.ion tha. ma.es the estima.ion of the ma.s tra.sfer coefficients possible in the studied ra.ge of process va.ia.les wa. obta.ned： Sh=10^-2.64 Re^1.07 , Sc^0.75,These results constitute the first step in the kinetic a.a.ysis of the rea.tion between CO a.d imida.olium chlorocupra.e（I） ionic liquid tha. determines the design of the sepa.a.ion units.

关键词： Ca.bon monoxide Ionic liquid Copper(I)Rea.tive a.sorption ma.s tra.sfer kinetics ma.s tra.sfer coefficient Ca.bon dioxide

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Study of the effica.y of Korea. Red Ginseng in the trea.ment of erectile dysfunction

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2007年第2期9卷 241-244页

作者： Enrico de a.dra.e a.exa.dre a. de mesquita.Joa.uim de a.meida.Cla.o Priscila.m. de a.dra.e Va.dema. ortiz mário Pa.a.hos miguel Srougi Sector of Sexua. medicine Division of Urological Clinic of Sāo Paulo University Sāo Paulo Brazil Discipline of Urology Sāo Paulo Federal University Sāo Paulo Brazil

a.m： To exa.ine the trea.ment effica.y of Korea. Red Ginseng （KRG） in impotent men with erectile dysfunction （ED）. methods： a.tota. of 60 pa.ients presenting mild or mild to modera.e ED were enrolled in a.double-blind, pla.ebo-controlled study in which the effica.ies of KRG a.d a.pla.ebo were compa.ed. The pa.ients received either 1 000 mg （3 times da.ly） of KRG or a.pla.ebo. Results： The five-item version of the Interna.iona. Index of Erectile Function （IIEF-5） score a.ter the trea.ment wa. significa.tly higher in the KRG group compa.ed with tha. before the trea.ment （from 16.4±2.9 to 21.0±6.3, P 〈 0.0001）. In contra.t, there wa. no difference before a.d a.ter the trea.ment in the pla.ebo group （from 17.0±3.1 to 17.7±5.6, P 〉 0.05）. In the KRG group, 20 pa.ients （66.6%）, reported improved erection, significa.t in the globa. effica.y question （P 〈 0.01）; in the pla.ebo group there wa. no significa.ce. Scores on questions 2 （rigidity）, 3 （penetra.ion）, 4 a.d 5 （ma.ntena.ce）, were significa.tly higher for KRG tha. those for the pla.ebo when those questions were a.swered a.ter 12 weeks of ea.h trea.ment （P 〈 0.01）. When the score in the KRG group wa. compa.ed to the pla.ebo group a.ter the trea.ment, there wa. a.significa.t improvement in tota. score （IIEF-5 score） in questions 3 a.d 5 for the KRG-trea.ed group （P 〈 0.001 a.d P 〈 0.0001, respectively）. The levels of serum testosterone, prola.tine a.d cholesterol a.ter the trea.ment were not sta.istica.ly significa.t different between the KRG a.d the pla.ebo group （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Our da.a.show tha. KRG ca. be a. effective a.terna.ive to the inva.ive a.proa.hes for trea.ing ma.e ED.

关键词： penis impotence ginseng penile erection

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