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Puta.ive nicotinic a.etylcholine receptor subunits express differentia.ly through the life cycle of codling moth, Cydia.pomonella.（Lepidoptera. Tortricida.）

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 277-287页

作者： Jessica.a. martin Stephen F. Ga.czynski USDa.a.S Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato WA 98951 USA

Nicotinic a.etylcholine receptors （na.hRs） a.e the ta.gets of neonicotinoids a.d spinosa.s, two insecticides used in orcha.ds to effectively control codling moth, Cydia.pomonella.（L.）（Lepidoptera. Tortricida.）. Orcha.dists in Wa.hington Sta.e a.e concerned a.out the possibility of codling moth field popula.ions developing resista.ce to these two insecticides. In a. effort to help mitiga.e this issue, we initia.ed a.project to identify a.d cha.a.terize codling moth na.hR subunits expressed in hea.s. This study ha. two ma.n goa.s; （i） identify tra.scripts from a.codling moth hea. tra.scriptome tha. encode for na.hR subunits, a.d （ii） determine na.hR subunit expression profiles in va.ious life sta.es of codling moth. From a.codling moth hea. tra.scriptome, 24 tra.scripts encoding for 12 puta.ive na.hR subunit cla.ses were identified a.d verified by PCR a.plifica.ion, cloning, a.d sequence determina.ion. Cha.a.teriza.ion of the deduced protein sequences encoded by puta.ive na.hR tra.scripts revea.ed tha. they sha.e the distinguishing fea.ures of the cys-loop liga.d-ga.ed ion cha.nel superfa.ily with 9 α-type subunits a.d 3 β- type subunits identified. Phylogenetic a.a.ysis compa.ing these protein sequences to those of other insect na.hR subunits supports the identifica.ion of these proteins a. na.hR subunits. Sta.e expression studies determined tha. there is clea. differentia. expression of ma.y of these subunits throughout the codling moth life cycle. The informa.ion from this study will be used in the future to monitor for potentia. ta.get-site resista.ce mecha.isms to neonicotinoids a.d spinosa.s in tolera.t codling moth popula.ions.

关键词： codling moth na.hR expression nicotinic a.etylcholine receptor subunits

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Proteomics a.a.ysis of Trichoplusia.ni midgut epithelia. cell brush border membra.e vesicles

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 424-440页

作者： Muha.ma. a.za. Ja.ed Ca.hy Coutu Da.id a. Theilma.n martin a. Erla.dson Dwa.ne D. Hegedus Sa.ka.oon Resea.ch a.d Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Summerla.d Resea.ch a.d Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Summerland British Columbia Canada Depa.tment of Food & Bio-Product Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada

The insect midgut epithelium is composed of columna., goblet, a.d regenera.ive cells. Columna. epithelia. cells a.e the most a.unda.t a.d ha.e membra.e protrusions tha. form the brush border membra.e (BBM) on their a.ica. side. These increa.e surfa.e a.ea.a.a.la.le for the tra.sport of nutrients, but a.so provide opportunities for intera.tion with xenobiotics such a. pa.hogens, toxins a.d host pla.t a.lelochemica.s. Recent improvements in proteomic a.d bioinfbrma.ics tools provided a. opportunity to determine the proteome of the T. ni BBM in unprecedented deta.l. This study reports the identifica.ion of proteins from BBM vesicles (BBMVs) using single dimension polya.ryla.ide gel elec? trophoresis coupled with multi-dimensiona. protein identifica.ion technology. More tha. 3000 proteins were a.socia.ed with the BBMV of which 697 were predicted to possess either a.signa. peptide, a. lea.t one tra.smembra.e doma.n or a.GPI-a.chor signa.. Of these, bioinfbrma.ics a.a.ysis a.d ma.ua. cura.ion predicted tha. 185 ma. be a.socia.ed with the BBMV or epithelia. cell pla.ma.membra.e. These a.e discussed with respect to their predicted functions, na.ely digestion, nutrient upta.e, cell signa.ing, development, cell-cell intera.tions, a.d other functions. We believe this to be the most deta.led proteomic a.a.ysis of the lepidoptera. midgut epithelium membra.e to da.e, which will provide informa.ion to better understa.d the biochemica., physiologica. a.d pa.hologica. processes ta.ing pla.e in the la.va. midgut.

关键词： brush border membra.e vesicles midgut proteomic a.a.ysis Trichoplusia.i

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New Technologies,Tools a.d a.proa.hes for Improving Crop Breeding

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2012年第4期54卷 210-214页

作者： Pa.ry, martin a. J. Wa.g, Jia.ka.g Luis a.a.s, Jose Rotha.sted Res Harpenden Herts England Chinese a.a. a.r Sci Beijing 100193 Peoples R China Univ Ba.celona Barcelona Spain

Most crops were first domestica.ed a.out 13 000 to 11 000 yea.s a.o. Huma.s a.e dependent on crops for surviva., a.d from the beginnings of a.riculture ha.e been energetica.ly involved in developing crops tha. better serve their needs （a.la.d 1999）. During the la.t deca.es breeding ha. contributed a.proxima.ely a.50% contribution to increa.ing the world＇s food crop production. However, pla.t breeding only bega. to a.opt a.scientific a.proa.h in the 1900s, when Mendel＇s hybridiza.ion experiment wa. rediscovered. Mendelia. genetics a.d the development of the sta.istica. concepts of ra.domJza.Jon a.d replica.ion ha. considera.le impa.t on pla.t breeding methods （Ha.la.er et a.. 1988）. In spite of the fa.t tha. scientific crop breeding ha. only existed for one century, it is a.discipline tha. is developing very quickly. The ma.or objective of crop breeding progra.s is to develop new genotypes tha. a.e genetica.ly superior to those currently a.a.la.le for specific environments. To a.hieve this objective, breeders employ a.ra.ge of selection methods a.d technologies （Ha.la.er et a.. 1988; Fa.coner a.d Ma.ka. 1996; a.la.d 1999）.

关键词： PLa.T breeding PLa.T breeders CLIMa.IC cha.ges FOOD security EFFECT of drought on pla.ts PLa.T genetics NUCLEOTIDE sequence

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Free triiodothyronine level correla.es with sta.in responsiveness in a.ute myoca.dia. infa.ction

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Journa. of Geria.ric Ca.diology 2018年第4期15卷 290-297页

作者： Wen-Ya. Wa.G Kuo ZHa.G Wei ZHa. a. martin Gerdes Giorgio Ierva.i Yi-Da.Ta.G Depa.tments of Ca.diology State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Fuwa. Hospita. National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Depa.tment of Biomedtca. Sciences New York Institute of Technology-College of Osteopathic Medicine Northern Blvd. Old Westbury New York USA Clinica. Physiology Institute Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Pisa Italy

Ba.kground a.though thyroid hormone （TH） ha. importa.t effects on lipid meta.olism, the rela.ionship between TH a.d sta.in responsiveness ha. never been investiga.ed. We hypothesize tha. TH pla.s a. importa.t role in sta.in responsiveness in pa.ients with a.ute myoca.dia. infa.ction （a.I）. Methods Consecutive 1091 hospita.ized a.I pa.ients in Fuwa. hospita. （Beijing, China. were enrolled into this current study. The study popula.ion wa. divided into three groups ba.ed on the intensity of sta.in trea.ment： low-intensity （n = 221）, modera.e-intensity （n = 712） a.d high-intensity （n = 158）. Lipid levels were mea.ured a.ter sta.in thera.y la.ting for 10-14 da.s. The a.socia.ion between TH, lipid profile levels a.d a.hievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） lowering goa.s wa. explored in pa.ients with a.I on sta.in thera.y. Results By genera. linea. a.a.ysis, a.significa.t linea. trend between free triiodothyronine （FT3） a.d LDL-C level （linea. coefficient r = -0.082, P = 0.001） a.d FT3 a.d tota. cholesterol （TC） level （r = -0.105, P = 0.031） wa. observed in the modera.e-intensity sta.in group. a.more a.pa.ent linea. trend wa. detected in the high-intensity sta.in group （for LDL-C： r = -0.113, P = 0.005; for TC： r = -0.172, P = 0.029, respectively）. However, no significa.t correla.ion wa. observed in the low-intensity sta.in group. Compa.ed with the low-FT3 group （defined a. FT3 〈 1.79 pg/mL）, the OR （95% CI） for a.ta.ning a.LDL-C 〈 3.0mmol/L wa. found to be 2.217 （1.001–4.839） in the higher FT3 group （〉 2.95 pg/mL）. The OR （95% CI） for a.ta.ning the more intensive goa. （LDL-C 〈 1.8mmol/L） wa. 2.836 （1.014–5.182）. Conclusions Our study revea.s tha. va.ia.ion in FT3 levels is rela.ed to the cholesterol-lowering responsiveness of sta.ins in a.I pa.ients. These findings suggest tha. low FT3 ma. be a.fa.tor responsible for la.k of LDL-C goa. a.ta.nment a.d pa.ients’ poor responsiveness to sta.in trea.ment.

关键词： a.ute myoca.dia. infa.ction Free triiodothyronine Hypothyroid Sta.in

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Progress in TILLING a. a.tool for functiona. genomics a.d improvement of crops

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2014年第5期56卷 425-443页

作者： Lia.g Chen Liugen Ha. martin a. J. Pa.ry a.drew L. Phillips Yin-Ga.g Hu Sta.e Key La.ora.ory of Crop Stress Biology in a.id a.ea. a.d College of a.ronomy Northwest A&F University Depa.tment of Pla.t Biology a.d Crop Science Rothamsted Research Institute of Wa.er Sa.ing a.riculture in a.id Regions of China Northwest A&F University

Food security is a.globa. concern a.d substa.tia. yield increa.es in crops a.e required to feed the growing world popula.ion. Muta.enesis is a. importa.t tool in crop improvement a.d is free of the regula.ory restrictions imposed on genetica.ly modified orga.isms. Ta.geting Induced Loca. Lesions in Genomes（TILLING）, which combines tra.itiona. chemica. muta.enesis with high‐throughput genome‐wide screening for point muta.ions in desired genes, offers a.powerful wa. to crea.e novel muta.t a.leles for both functiona. genomics a.d improvement of crops. TILLING is genera.ly a.plica.le to genomes whether sma.l or la.ge, diploid or evena.lohexa.loid, a.d shows grea. potentia. to a.dress the ma.or cha.lenge of linking sequence informa.ion to the function of genes a.d to modula.e key tra.ts for pla.t breeding. TILLING ha. been successfully a.plied in ma.y crop species a.d recent progress in TILLING is summa.ized below, especia.ly on the developments in muta.ion detection technology, a.plica.ion of TILLING in gene functiona. studies a.d crop breeding. The potentia. of TILLING/EcoTILLING for functiona. genetics a.d crop improvement is a.so discussed. Furthermore, a.sma.l‐sca.e forwa.d stra.egy including ba.kcross a.d selfing wa. conducted to relea.e the potentia. muta.t phenotypes ma.ked in M2（or M3） pla.ts.

关键词： Crop breeding functiona. genomics muta.ion detection TILLING

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Genetic Va.ia.ion in Field Popula.ions of Ba.uloviruses: Mecha.isms for Genera.ing Va.ia.ion a.d Its Potentia. Role in Ba.ulovirus Epizootiology

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Virologica.Sinica 2009年第5期24卷 458-469页

作者： martin a. Erla.dson a.riculture a.d a.ri-Food Ca.a.a Saskatoon Research Centre 107 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 0X2 Canada

Ba.ulovirida. is a.fa.ily of insect-specific DNa.viruses tha. ha.e been used a. biologica. control a.ents for insect pest control. In most ca.es these ba.ulovirus control a.ents a.e na.ura. field isola.es tha. ha.e been selected ba.ed on their infectivity a.d virulence. The a.vent of molecula. tools such a. restriction endonuclea.es, ta.geted polymera.e cha.n rea.tion a.d new DNa.sequencing stra.egies ha.e a.lowed for efficient detection a.d cha.a.teriza.ion of genotypic va.ia.ts within a.d a.ong geogra.hic a.d tempora. isola.es of ba.ulovirus species. It ha. become evident tha. multiple genotypic va.ia.ts occur even within individua. infected la.va.. Clona. stra.ns of ba.ulovirus species derived either by in vitro or in vivo a.proa.hes ha.e been shown to va.y with respect to infectivity a.d virulence. Ma.y of the cell culture derived pla.ue-purified stra.ns ha.e deletions tha. interrupt egt expression lea.ing to virus stra.ns tha. kill infected hosts more quickly. a. well, in vitro clones often involve la.ger genomic deletions with the loss of pif gene function, resulting in stra.ns deficient for ora. infectivity. There a.e a. increa.ing number of ba.ulovirus species for which complete genome sequences a.e a.a.la.le for more tha. one stra.n or field isola.e. Results of compa.a.ive a.a.ysis of these stra.ns indica.ed tha. hr regions a.d bro genes often ma.k "hot spots" of genetic va.ia.ility between stra.ns a.d of potentia. recombina.ion events. In a.dition, the degree of nucleotide polymorphisms between a.d within stra.ns a.d their role in a.ino a.id substitutions within ORFs a.d cha.ges in promoter motifs is a.so beginning to be a.precia.ed. In this short review the potentia. mecha.isms tha. genera.e a.d ma.nta.n this genetic diversity within ba.ulovirus popula.ions is discussed, a. is the potentia. role of genetic va.ia.ion in host-pa.hogen intera.tions.

关键词： Ba.ulovirida. Isola.e Stra.n Genetic diversity Genome sequence

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Intra.pecific tempora. resource pa.titioning a. white-ta.led deer feeding sites

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 139-146页

作者： Da.id B. STONE Ja.es a. martin Bra.ley S. COHEN Thoma. J. PREBYL Cha.lie KILLMa.TER Ka.l V. MILLER Wa.nell School of Forestry a.d Na.ura. Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA Sa.a.na. River Ecology La. University of Georgia Aiken SC USA Depa.tment of Biology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Georgia.Depa.tment of Na.ura. Resources Atlanta GA USA

Individua.s ma. reduce competition by tempora.ly pa.titioning their use of a.sha.ed resource. Beha.iora. differences between sexes in ungula.es ma. encoura.e segrega.ion a. individua.s a.tempt to a.oid a.ta.onistic intera.tions. However, domina.t sex a.d a.e groups ma. reduce subordina.es' a.cess to food resources, rega.dless of the subordina.e's sex. We hypothesized tha. white-ta.led deer Odocoileus Virginia. us tempora.ly segrega.ed a. supplementa. feedi ng sites ba.ed on socia. ra.k (subordina.e: yea.ling ma.es a.d a.ult fema.es;domina.t: a.ult ma.es) a.d tha. segrega.ion wa. a.fected by pha.e of the breeding sea.on a.d diel cycle. If deer tempora.ly segrega.e a.cording to socia. ra.k, we predicted tha. the resulting a.tivity pa.terns would ma.ifest in one socia. cla.s being rela.ively more susceptible to hunter-induced morta.ity. We used a.multista.e modeling a.proa.h to qua.tify tempora. segrega.ion a.d ca.cula.ed the proba.ility tha. a.feeding site wa. in a.pa.ticula. sta.e during diurna. a.d nocturna. hours for ea.h of the 3 pha.es of the breeding sea.on. We determined tha. tra.sition proba.ilities differed by sea.on a.d diel cycle a.d domina.t a.d subordina.e socia. cla.ses clea.ly a.oided ea.h other, with a. feedi ng sites. During the pre-breedi ng sea. on, the proba.ility of a.subordi na.e being present during diurna. hours wa. *** more likely tha. a.domina.t being present, but did not differ during nocturna. hours. There wa. no difference for domina.ts a.d subordina.es during diurna. or no cturna. hours during the breedi ng sea.on .In the post-breedi ng sea.on, subordi na.es were 1.7x more likely to occur a. the feeding site tha. a.domina.t during diurna. hours but they did not differ during nocturna. hours. Our results indica.e tha. domina.ce sta.us influences tempora. segrega.ion a. feeding sites a.d is a.fected by the pha.e of the breeding sea.on. Therefore, the resulti ng a.tivity pa.terns ma. in crea.e subordi na.es' risk to huma.

关键词： competition multista.e modeling preda.ion risk supplementa. feeding sites intra.pecific tempora. resource pa.titioning white-ta.led deer

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Growth Response of Ba.teria. a.ta.onists in a.Mix of Composted Wood Fibre Wa.te a.d Millet Seed under Sterile a.d Non-sterile Conditions

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Journa. of Life Sciences 2010年第1期4卷 60-64页

作者： Ya. Ra.ona.martin a. Line Integra.ed La.ora.ory for BioSciences a.d Biotechnology Udayana University Bali 80362 Indonesia School of a.ricultura. Science Tasmania University Tasmania 7001 Australia

The potentia. use ofcomposted wood fibre wa.te （WFW） for the cultiva.ion of ba.teria. a.ta.onists of Sclerotinia.minor wa. exa.ined with the result tha. a.mix of millet seed （20% w/w） a.d WFW, suita.ly a.ended with nutrients, proved to be a. idea. ma.rix for the growth of some of these ba.teria. Densities in terms ofcfu＇s ra.ged from 8.5 IOgl0 cfu/g dw to 10.5 logl0 cfu/g dw ullder sterile conditions a.ter 14 da.s incuba.ion. Lower popula.ion densities of the a.ta.onists were a.hieved under non-sterile conditions in the compost： millet mix of between 7.9-9.3 logm cfu/g dw a. the sa.e period. However, when a.plied in a.pot （gla.shouse） tria. to protect a.a.nst S. minor, the millet seed a.pea.ed to stimula.e the growth of this pa.hogen resulting in a.high incidence of a.ta.k of lettuce pla.ts a.ter 2-3 weeks. a.though the percenta.e of hea.thy seedlings increa.ed following a.plica.ion of compost mix grown a.ta.onists （a. a.ra.e of 5% v/v） when compa.ed to the control trea.ment, these va.ues were not sta.istica.ly significa.t （p〉0.05） in most ca.es. Therefore, the use of millet seeds ca.not be recommended a. a.nutrient supplement for the ba.teria. a.ta.onist cultiva.ion, if to be subsequently used to control funga. pa.hogens in the field.

关键词： Sclerotinia.minor Psettdomona. corruga.a Lysoba.ter a.tibioticus wood fibre wa.te compost ba.teria. a.ta.onists.

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Use of Wood Fibre Compost for the Cultiva.ion of Trichoderma.sp, （Isola.e Td22）

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Journa. of Life Sciences 2013年第7期7卷 695-699页

作者： Ya. Ra.ona.martin a. Line Integra.ed La.ora.ory for Bioseiences a.d Biotechnology Udayana University Bali 80362 Indonesia School of a.ricultura. Science University of Tasmania Tasmania 7001 Australia

The ma.n objective of this resea.ch wa. to investiga.e the a.ility of a.Trichoderma.sp. （Td22）, inhibitory to Sclerotinia.minor Ja.ger, to grow a.d survive in ma.ure wood fibre wa.te （WFW） compost of pa.er mill origin following nutrient a.endment. The growth a.d surviva. of the fungus in the WFW compost wa. a.sessed by seria. dilution pla.e count method followed by confirma.ion of the funga. identity using pectic enzyme a.a.ysis a. described in Cruicksha.k a.d Pitt [1]. It wa. found in this study tha. the popula.ion densities of TdE2 a.hieved under non-sterile conditions in the WFW compost following nutrient a.endment wa. a.proxima.ely in the ra.ge of 7.0 lOgl0 CFU/g dw - 8.5 log10 CFU/g dw a.ter 28 da.s, depending on pre-trea.ment. The effica.y of this WFW compost-grown TdE2 for protection of lettuce from a.ta.k by S. minor wa. a.so demonstra.ed in gla.shouse tria.s. This study indica.es tha. cellulosic pa.er mill wa.te compost could provide a. a.unda.t low-cost growth medium for the la.ge-sca.e cultiva.ion of funga. a.ta.onists, improving prospects for cost-competitiveness with chemica. trea.ments.

关键词： Compost biologica. control Trichoderma.sp. Sclerotinia.minor.

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大学生幽默风格与精神健康关系的初步研究

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心理科学 2007年第1期30卷 219-223页

作者：陈国海 Rod a.martin 广东外语外贸大学管理学院中国广州510420 The University of Western Onta.io Canada

目的:测试幽默风格量表在中国大学生中的信度和效度,探讨幽默风格与精神健康之间的关系。方法:354名大学生接受幽默风格量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)的问卷调查,4周后74名大学生重新填写幽默风格量表。结果:幽默风格量表所提出的4个因子... 详细信息

目的:测试幽默风格量表在中国大学生中的信度和效度,探讨幽默风格与精神健康之间的关系。方法:354名大学生接受幽默风格量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)的问卷调查,4周后74名大学生重新填写幽默风格量表。结果:幽默风格量表所提出的4个因子结构在中国人的样本中也存在,该量表的信度和效度可接受。中国被试在4个子量表的得分均低于加拿大被试的得分。亲和型幽默、自强型幽默得分与症状自评量表的子量表以及总体症状指数得分全部呈现负相关,而嘲讽型幽默和自贬型幽默得分与症状自评量表的子量表以及总体症状指数得分全部呈现正相关。结论:(1)该量表的初步测试效度和信度可接受,但须结合中国文化作进一步的修订;(2)亲和型和自强型幽默有益于精神健康,但嘲讽型和自贬型幽默有害于精神健康;(3)中国人与加拿大人在幽默风格、幽默对精神健康起作用的方式上存在一定的文化差异。

关键词：大学生幽默风格精神健康关系

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