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Synthesis of.Silver Nanoparticles f.om Honeybees and Its Antibacterial Potential

Open Journal of.Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 77-92页

作者： Akamu J. Ewunkem Niore’s Johnson a’lyiha f. beard Ilunga Tshimanga Brittany Justice Jef.ery Meixner Department of.Biological Sciences Winston Salem State University Winston Salem NC USA Department of.Clinical Science and Laboratory Science Winston Salem State University Winston Salem NC USA

Honeybees (Apis mellif.ra) are important pollinators of.f.owering plants and agricultural crops contributing annually to billions of.dollars in revenues to crop production. Honeybees have an average lif.span between 8 weeks to 5 years. Dead honeybees are abundantly available in beehives and can be utilized as an alternative source to synthesize nanoparticles. In recent years, biologically synthesized nanoparticles have been pref.rred over their chemical counterparts. However, honeybee-based-green synthesis of.nanoparticles has not been explored yet. Herein, we report the biosynthesis of.silver nanoparticles f.om honeybees and its antibacterial activity. The synthesis of.silver nanoparticles was monitored visually through a gradual change in color. f.rthermore, the biosynthesized nanoparticles were conf.rmed and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscope was utilized to analyze the average size and morphologies of.the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Subsequently, the antibacterial potential of.the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was tested against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. It was f.und that a distinct color change f.om yellow to brown in the reaction solution suggested the f.rmation of.silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited absorption maxima at 430 nm. The SEM analysis conf.rmed the spherical and cuboidal shape of.the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles with a size range between 10 - 40 nm. f.rthermore, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antimicrobial potential against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains by aggregating on the cell surf.ce. This study showcases the biomedical and agricultural applications of.biosynthesized silver nanoparticles f.om honeybee wings. .

关键词： Honeybee Bacteria Green Synthesis Nanoparticles Antimicrobial

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An Iterative Pose Estimation Algorithm Based on Epipolar Geometry With Application to Multi-Target Tracking

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IEEE/CAA Journal of.Automatica Sinica 2020年第4期7卷 942-953页

作者： Jacob H.White Randal W.beard the Brigham Young University ProvoUtah 84058 USA

This paper introduces a new algorithm f.r estimating the relative pose of.a moving camera using consecutive f.ames of.a video sequence. State-of.the-art algorithms f.r calculating the relative pose between two images use matching f.atures to estimate the essential matrix. The essential matrix is then decomposed into the relative rotation and normalized translation between f.ames. To be robust to noise and f.ature match outliers, these methods generate a large number of.essential matrix hypotheses f.om randomly selected minimal subsets of.f.ature pairs, and then score these hypotheses on all f.ature pairs. Alternatively, the algorithm introduced in this paper calculates relative pose hypotheses by directly optimizing the rotation and normalized translation between f.ames, rather than calculating the essential matrix and then perf.rming the decomposition. The resulting algorithm improves computation time by an order of.magnitude. If.an inertial measurement unit(IMU) is available, it is used to seed the optimizer, and in addition, we reuse the best hypothesis at each iteration to seed the optimizer thereby reducing the number of.relative pose hypotheses that must be generated and scored. These advantages greatly speed up perf.rmance and enable the algorithm to run in real-time on low cost embedded hardware. We show application of.our algorithm to visual multi-target tracking(MTT) in the presence of.parallax and demonstrate its real-time perf.rmance on a 640 × 480 video sequence captured on a UAV. Video results are available at https://***/Hh K-p2 h XNn U.

关键词： Aerial robotics epipolar geometry multi-target tracking pose estimation unmanned aircraf. systems vision-based f.ight

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Impact of.alcohol on hepatitis C virus replication and interf.ron signaling

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1337-1343页

作者： Erin M McCartney Michael R beard Centre f.r Cancer Biology Hanson Centre School of.Molecular and Biomedical Science University of Adelaide

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of.the main etiological f.ctors responsible f.r liver disease worldwide. It has been estimated that there are over 170 million people inf.cted with HCV worldwide. Of.these inf.cted individuals, approximately 75% will go on to develop a lif. long necroinf.ammatory liver disease, which over decades, can result in serious complications, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently there is no ef.ective vaccine and whilst antiviral therapies have been improved, they are still only ef.ective in approximately 50% of.individuals. HCV inf.ction stands as a major cause of.global morbidity and suf.ering, and places a signif. cant burden on health systems. The second highest cause of.liver disease in the western world is alcoholic liver disease. f.equently, HCV inf.cted individuals consume alcohol, and the combined ef.ect of.HCV and alcohol consumption is deleterious f.r both liver disease and response to treatment. This review discusses the impact of.alcohol metabolism on HCV replication and the negative impact on interf.ron (If.)-α treatment, with a particular f.cus on how alcohol and HCV act synergistically to increase oxidative stress, ultimately leading to exacerbated liver disease and a reduction in the ef.i cacy of.If.-α treatment. A better understanding of.the complicated mechanisms at play in hepatocytes inf.cted with HCV and metabo- lizing alcohol will hopef.lly provide better treatment options f.r chronic hepatitis C individuals that consume alcohol.

关键词： Alcohol metabolism Hepatitis C virus Reactive oxygen species Interf.ron signaling

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Early Paleogene stratigraphic sequences,mammalian evolution and its response to environmental changes in Erlian Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第12期53卷 1918-1926页

作者： Christopher K.beard Daniel L.GEBO Section of.Vertebrate Paleontology Carnegie Museum of Natural History4400 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPA 15213USA Department of.Anthropology Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA

Paleogene strata in the Huheboerhe area,Erlian Basin,Inner Mongolia,China have been subdivided into three lithological units:the Nomogen f.rmation,the Arshanto f.rmation,and the Irdin Manha *** least 12 mammal-bearing horizons have been recognized in these f.rmations,of.which 4 in the Nomogen f.rmation,6 in the Arshanto f.rmation,and 2 in the Irdin Manha *** investigation proved that the "Houldjin f.rmation" recognized in this area by the Central Asiatic Expeditions(CAE) of.the American Museum Natural History in the 1920s is actually the Irdin Manha f.rmation,while the "Irdin Manha f.rmation" of.CAE is the Arshanto f.rmation.A recent paleomagnetic study suggests that the upper part of.the Nomogen f.rmation is early Eocene in age and the Arshanto f.rmation is mainly early Eocene rather than middle Eocene as previously *** Gashatan,Bumbanian,and Arshantan land mammal ages are correlated respectively to the Thanetian,the early Ypresian,and the middle Ypresian through earliest Lutetian of.the Geological Time *** land mammal ages are also correlated with the late Tif.anian through Clarkf.rkian,the early Wasatchian,and the middle-late Wasatchian and most of.the Bridgerian of.the North American Land Mammal *** the early Paleogene,the mammalian history of.the Erlian Basin was dominated by the appearance of.new mammalian f.milies and the replacement of.a variety of.genera and species,corresponding to the gradual climatic changes during this time *** abrupt emergence of.several modern mammalian orders at the beginning of.the Eocene is probably related to extreme climatic warming in relation to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

关键词： Erlian Basin Paleogene mammal f.unal turnover biochronology environmental response

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Geological cycling of.potassium and the K isotopic response:insights f.om loess and shales

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第4期38卷 508-516页

作者： Weiqiang Li Shilei Li Brian L.beard State Key Laboratory f.r Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210046People's Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of.Surf.cial Geochemistry School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210046People's Republic of China Department of.Geoscience University of Wisconsin- Madison1215W Dayton StreetMadisonWI 53706USA NASA Astrobiology Institute University of Wisconsin- MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Shales are a major sink f.r K into seawater delivered f.om continental weathering,and are potential recorders of.K *** precision K isotope analyses reveal a[0.6%variation in δ^41K values(41K/39K relative to NIST SRM 3141a)f.om a set of.well characterized postArchean Australian shale(PAAS)*** contrast,loess samples have relatively homogenous δ^41K values(-0.5±0.1%),which may represent the average K composition of.upper continental *** of.the shales analyzed in this study have experienced K enrichment relative to average continental crust,and the majority of.them def.ne a trend of.decreasing δ^41K value(f.om-0.5to-0.7%)with increasing K content and K/Na ratio,indicating cation exchange in clays minerals is accompanied by K isotope *** shale samples do not f.llow the trend and have elevated δ^41K values up to-0.1%,and these samples are characterized by variable f. isotope compositions,which ref.ect post-depositional *** K isotope variability observed in shales,in combination with recent f.ndings about K isotope f.actionation during continental weathering,indicates that K isotopes f.actionate during cycling of.K between dif.erent reservoirs,and K isotopes in sediments may be used to trace geological cycling of.K.

关键词： K isotopes Loess Shale K cycle

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Current role of.palliative interventions in advanced pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of.Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018年第7期10卷 75-83页

作者： Chelsey C Ciambella Rachel E beard Thomas J Miner Department of.Surgical Oncology Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the third leading cause of.cancer death in the United States. Unf.rtunately, at diagnosis, most patients are not candidates f.r curative resection. Surgical palliation, a procedure perf.rmed with the intention of.relieving symptoms or improving quality of.lif., comes to the f.ref.ont of.management. This article reviews the palliative management of.unresectable pancreatic cancer, including obstructive jaundice, duodenal obstruction and pain control with celiac plexus block. Although surgical bypasses f.r both biliary and duodenal obstructions usually achieve good technical success, they result in considerable perioperative morbidity and mortality, even when perf.rmed laparoscopically. The ef.ectiveness of.self.xpanding metal stents f.r biliary drainage is excellent with low morbidity. Surgical gastrojejunostomy f.r duodenal obstruction appears to be best f.r patients with a lif. expectancy of.greater than 2 mo while endoscopic stenting has been shown to be f.asible with good symptom relief.in those with a shorter lif. expectancy. Regardless of.the palliative procedure perf.rmed, all physicians involved must be adequately trained in end of.lif. management to ensure the best possible care f.r patients.

关键词： Surgical palliation Duodenal obstruction Hepatojejunostomy Gastrojejunostomy Endoscopic stenting Malignant ascites Celiac block Palliative triangle Pancreatic cancer Obstructive jaundice

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Osteopontin increases hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in a CD44 dependant manner

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2012年第26期18卷 3389-3399页

作者： Renee J Phillips Karla J Helbig Kylie H Van der Hoek Devanshi Seth Michael R beard School of.Molecular and Biomedical Science The University of Adelaide5000 AdelaideAustralia Centre f.r Cancer Biology SA Pathology 5000 AdelaideAustralia Drug Health Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital2050 CamperdownAustralia

AIM:To investigate the role of.osteopontin(OPN) and its splice variants in the prolif.ration of.hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:The expression of.OPN variants in HCC cell lines as well as HCC tissue samples and nontumour tissue was studied using polymerase chain *** variant cDNAs were cloned into a mammalian expression vector allowing both transient expression and the production of.stable OPN expressing cell *** expression was studied in these cells using Western blotting,immunof.uoresnce and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.A CD44 blocking antibody and siRNA targeting of.CD44 were used to examine the role of.this receptor in the OPN stimulated cell growth observed in ***-7 cells stably expressing either OPN-A,-B or-C were injected subcutaneously into the f.anks of.nude mice to observe in vivo tumour *** of.OPN mRNA and protein in these tumours was examined using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and ***:OPN is expressed in HCC in 3 f.rms,the f.ll length OPN-A and 2 splice variants OPN-B *** variant expression was noted in HCC tissue as well as cognate surrounding cirrhotic liver *** of.these OPN variants in the HCC derived cell line Huh-7 resulted in secretion of.OPN into the culture *** of.OPN conditioned media to na ve Huh-7 and HepG2 cells resulted in signif.cant cell growth suggesting that all OPN variants can modulate cell prolif.ration in a paracrine *** the OPN mediated increase in cellular prolif.ration was dependent on CD44 as only CD44 positive cell lines responded to OPN conditioned media while siRNA knockdown of.CD44 blocked the prolif.rative *** expression also increased the prolif.ration of.Huh-7 cells in a subcutaneous nude mouse tumour model,with Huh-7 cells expressing OPN-A showing the greatest prolif.rative ***:This study demonstrates that OPN plays a signif.cant role in the prolif.ration of.HCC thro

关键词： Osteopontin Hepatocellular carcinoma CD44 antigen Nude mice Xenograf.

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Carbonatites and Alkaline Igneous Rocks in Post-Collisional Settings:Storehouses of.Rare Earth Elements

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Journal of.Earth Science 2021年第6期32卷 1332-1358页

作者： Kathryn M.Goodenough Eimear A.Deady Charles D.beard Sam Broom-f.ndley Holly ALElliott f.ederick van den Berg HüseyinÖztürk British Geological Survey the Lyell CentreEdinburgh EH144APUK Institut des Sciences de la Terre UniversitéGrenoble Alpes38610 GièresFrance Camborne School of.Mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenryn TR109FEUK School of.Environmental Sciences University of DerbyDerbyUK Department of.Geological Engineering Istanbul University-CerrahpaşaAvcılar Campus34320 Avcılar IstanbulTurkey

The rare earth elements(REE)are critical raw materials f.r much of.modern technology,particularly renewable energy inf.astructure and electric vehicles that are vital f.r the energy *** of.the world's largest REE deposits occur in alkaline rocks and carbonatites,which are f.und in intracontinental,rif.-related settings,and also in syn-to post-collisional ***-collisional settings host signif.cant REE deposits,such as those of.the Mianning-Dechang belt in *** paper reviews REE mineralization in syn-to post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes worldwide,in order to demonstrate some of.the key physical and chemical f.atures of.these *** use three examples,in Scotland,Namibia,and Turkey,to illustrate the structure of.these *** review published geochemical data and use these to build up a broad model f.r the REE mineral system in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite *** is evident that immiscibility of.carbonate-rich magmas and f.uids plays an important part in generating mineralization in these settings,with REE,Ba and f.partitioning into the carbonate-rich *** most signif.cant REE mineralization in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes occurs in shallow-level,carbothermal or carbonatite intrusions,but deeper carbonatite bodies and associated alteration zones may also have REE enrichment.

关键词： post-collisional alkaline carbonatite rare earth elements tectonics carbon cycle

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澳大利亚新南威尔士悉尼市流行性感冒相关性住院治疗情况的研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 6-7页

作者： beard f. McIntyre P. Gidding H. Watson M. 张振 Communicable Diseases Unit Queensland Health GPO Box 48 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia.Dr

Background: Routine inf.uenza vaccination f.r children aged 6-23 months has r ecently been recommended in the United States. Accurate assessment of.inf.uenza related burden of.illness in children could support similar recommendations in o ther settings. However, routinely available data underestimate the role of.inf.u enza in causing hospitalisation, and indirect estimation methods f.ce dif.iculti es controlling f.r the concurrent circulation of.respiratory syncytial virus (RS V). Recent studies f.om Hong Kong and the United States have used dif.ering meth ods to estimate the true burden of.inf.uenza related hospitalisation, with dispa rate results. Methods: Retrospective population based study of.children less tha n 18 years of.age f.om Sydney, Australia, 1994 to 2001. Using two previously rep orted methods, estimates of.annual hospitalisation rates attributable to inf.uen za were derived by comparison of.mean hospitalisation rates f.r acute respirator y disease during periods of.high inf.uenza activity and low RSV activity (def.ne d using virological surveillance data) and periods where both inf.uenza and RSV activity were low. These estimates were compared to rates of.hospitalisation whe re inf.uenza was recorded as the principal discharge diagnosis. Results: Hospita lisation rates attributable to inf.uenza were up to 11 times higher, depending o n the age group and method used, compared to rates calculated f.om principal dis charge diagnosis codes. Conclusions: Although there remains considerable uncerta inty in estimating inf.uenza related morbidity by methods using excess hospitali sations, even minimum estimates of.disease burden warrant consideration of.routi ne inf.uenza immunisation f.r all children less than 2 years of.age. Such estima tes, derived f.om principal discharge diagnosis codes, are available in most set tings.

关键词：流行性感冒住院治疗新南威尔士治疗情况澳大利亚呼吸道合胞病毒悉尼疾病负担常规方法致病作用

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用0.5％二氯苯醚菊酯粉剂处理旱獭洞消灭鼠疫媒介——多毛蚤

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地方病译丛 1993年第2期14卷 11-13页

作者： M. L. beard 张晨

腺鼠疫周期性地发生在黑尾旱獭(Cy-nomys Ludovicianus Ord)种群中,在其大部分分布区都有流行。黑尾旱獭中,一次动物流行病期间的死亡率常高于99%。旱獭鼠疫动物流行病通常发生于比较孤立或人烟稀少的地区,人类感染的危险性很小;然而,过... 详细信息

腺鼠疫周期性地发生在黑尾旱獭(Cy-nomys Ludovicianus Ord)种群中,在其大部分分布区都有流行。黑尾旱獭中,一次动物流行病期间的死亡率常高于99%。旱獭鼠疫动物流行病通常发生于比较孤立或人烟稀少的地区,人类感染的危险性很小;然而,过去20年间,美国西部各州。

关键词：鼠疫多毛蚤二氯苯醚菊酯

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