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Long-term changes in radial growth of seven tree species in the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest in Northeast China:Are deciduous trees favored by climate change?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 63-77页

作者： Xiufang Gong Danyang Yuan liangjun Zhu zongshan li Xiaochun Wang National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China College of Life Science and TechnologyCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004People’s Republic of China Center for Ecological Research and Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education School of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085People’s Republic of China

The role of the temperate mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest(BKF)in global biogeochemical cycles will depend on how the tree species community responds to climate;however,species-specific responses and vulner-abilities of common trees in BKF to extreme climates are poorly *** we used dendrochronological meth-ods to assess radial growth of seven main tree species(Pinus koraiensis,Picea jezoensis,Abies nephrolepis,Fraxinus mandshurica,Phellodendron amurense,Quercus mongolica,and Ulmus davidiana)in an old-growth BKF in response to climate changes in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains and to improve predictions of changes in the tree species *** in most months and winter precipita-tion significantly negatively affected growth of *** and ***,but positively impacted growth of *** and the broadleaf species,especially ***-rica and *** and relative humidity in June significantly positively impacted the growth of most tree *** positive effect of the temperature during the previous non-growing season(PNG)on growth of *** and *** strengthened significantly with rapid warming around 1981,while the impact of PNG temperature on the growth of *** and *** changed from significantly negative to weakly negative or positive at this *** negative response of radial growth of *** and *** to precipitation during the growing season gradually weakened,and the negative response to PNG precipitation was *** the studied species,*** was the most resistant to drought,and *** recovered the best after extreme *** davidiana,*** and *** were more resistant to extreme cold than the other *** warming generally exacerbated the opposite growth patterns of conifer(decline)and broadleaf(increase)*** broadleaf tree species in the old-growth BKF probably will gradually become dominan

关键词： Tree rings Extreme climate Resistance and recovery Broad-leaved and Korean pine mixed forest

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Evaluation of Ecological Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Northwest China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第2期27卷 259-272页

作者： YE Xin liU Guohua li zongshan GONG li WANG Meng WANG Hao State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Protected areas(PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attention. Low effectiveness would exacerbate the conservation-development conflicts, particularly those that arise as a result of the Great Western Development Strategy(GWDS). Thus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the PA network has become quite important. We proposed natural vegetation communities to represent regional ecological system diversities, and proposed Global 200 Priority Ecoregions, Important Bird Areas, and ecosystem function regions to represent important conservation areas. To determine their effectiveness, we studied the extent to which ecological system diversities and important conservation areas are represented by the existing 96 PAs. Our results indicated that the total coverage of vegetation communities in PAs in Northwest China is not sufficiently comprehensive. As the PA system has expanded, the growth in the total area of the PAs has been greater than that of their vegetation community richness. While most of the important conservation areas are covered by PAs, some regions have not yet reached the 10% threshold; further, PAs are distributed unevenly and conservation gaps remain in the region. Therefore, these regions should receive more attention when planning new PAs. It is vital that more biodiversity datasets and assessment of ecosystem function regions are integrated in order to provide a basis for the government to formulate appropriate protection and development strategies.

关键词： conservation strategies biodiversity ecosystem functions protected area effectiveness ecological system representation

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Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Organic Carbon in China:A Meta-analysis

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第2期27卷 188-200页

作者： GONG li liU Guohua WANG Meng YE Xin WANG Hao li zongshan State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Vegetation restoration has been proposed as an effective method for increasing both plant biomass and soil carbon(C) stocks. In this study, 204 publications(733 observations) were analyzed, focusing on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon(SOC) in China. The results showed that SOC was increased by 45.33%, 24.43%, 30.29% and 27.98% at soil depths of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm and > 60 cm after vegetation restoration, respectively. Restoration from both cropland and non-cropland increased the SOC content. The conversion of non-cropland was more efficient in SOC accumulation than the conversion of cropland did, especially in > 40 cm layers. In addition, the conversion to planted forest led to greater SOC accumulation than that to other land use did. Conversion period and initial SOC content extended more influence on soil C accumulation as the main factors after vegetation restoration than temperature and precipitation did. The SOC content significantly increased with restoration period after long-term vegetation restoration(> 40 yr), indicating a large potential for further accumulation of carbon in the soil, which could mitigate climate change in the near future.

关键词： soil carbon content vegetation restoration land-use change conversion period restoration approach China

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A Modified Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(MTVDI)for Assessment of Surface Soil Moisture Based on MODIS Data

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第4期32卷 592-605页

作者： WANG Hao li zongshan ZHANG Weijuan YE Xin liU Xianfeng Department of Geography School of Geography and TourismShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Marxism Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of ChinaNanjing 210042China

Spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring of soil moisture is highly important to management of agricultural and vegetation *** temperature-vegetation dryness index based on the triangle or trapezoid method has been used widely in previous ***,most existing studies simply used linear regression to construct empirical models to fit the edges of the feature *** requires extensive data from a vast study area,and may lead to subjective *** this study,a Modified Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(MTVDI)was used to monitor surface soil moisture status using MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)remote sensing data,in which the dry edge conditions were determined at the pixel scale based on surface energy *** MTVDI was validated by field measurements at 30 sites for 10 d and compared with the Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI).The results showed that the R^(2) for MTVDI and soil moisture obviously improved(0.45 for TVDI,0.69 for MTVDI).As for spatial changes,MTVDI can also better reflect the actual soil moisture condition than *** a result,MTVDI can be considered an effective method to monitor the spatio-temporal changes in surface soil moisture on a regional scale.

关键词： surface soil moisture Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI) vegetation index MODIS Modified Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(MTVDI)

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Impacts of Climate Change on Net Primary Productivity in Arid and Semiarid Regions of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第1期26卷 35-47页

作者： WANG Hao liU Guohua li zongshan YE Xin WANG Meng GONG li State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences

In recent years, with the constant change in the global climate, the effect of climate factors on net primary productivity(NPP) has become a hot research topic. However, two opposing views have been presented in this research area: global NPP increases with global warming, and global NPP decreases with global warming. The main reasons for these two opposite results are the tremendous differences among seasonal and annual climate variables, and the growth of plants in accordance with these climate variables. Therefore, it will fail to fully clarify the relation between vegetation growth and climate changes by research that relies solely on annual data. With seasonal climate variables, we may clarify the relation between vegetation growth and climate changes more accurately. Our research examined the arid and semiarid areas in China(ASAC), which account for one quarter of the total area of China. The ecological environment of these areas is fragile and easily affected by human activities. We analyzed the influence of climate changes, especially the changes in seasonal climate variables, on NPP, with Climatic Research Unit(CRU) climatic data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) satellite remote data, for the years 2000–2010. The results indicate that: for annual climatic data, the percentage of the ASAC in which NPP is positively correlated with temperature is 66.11%, and 91.47% of the ASAC demonstrates a positive correlation between NPP and precipitation. Precipitation is more positively correlated with NPP than temperature in the ASAC. For seasonal climatic data, the correlation between NPP and spring temperature shows significant regional differences. Positive correlation areas are concentrated in the eastern portion of the ASAC, while the western section of the ASAC generally shows a negative correlation. However, in summer, most areas in the ASAC show a negative correlation between NPP and temperature. In autumn, precipitation is less important

关键词： climate change net primary productivity (NPP) annual/seasonal variability trend analysis arid/semiarid regions of China(ASAC)

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Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第3期30卷 427-445页

作者： CHEN Weiliang li zongshan JIAO Lei WANG Cong GAO Guangyao FU Bojie State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sci-encesBeijing 100085 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China

Precipitation plays an important role in the water supplies that support ecological restoration by sustaining large-scale artificial plantations in arid and semiarid regions, especially black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations(RP plantations), which are widely planted due to R. pseudoacacia being an excellent pioneer species. Characterizing the response of soil moisture to rainfall events at different stages of restoration is important for assessing the sustainability of restoration in RP plantations. In this study, we quantified the response of soil moisture to rainfall events at different years of restoration(15, 20 and 30 yr) representing different restoration stages in RP plantations in a typical hilly-gully area, i.e., the Yangjuangou Catchment, of the Loess Plateau, China. Over the growing season(June to September) of 2017, smart probes were placed at nine depths(10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, and 180 cm below the soil surface) to obtain volumetric soil water information at 30-min intervals in the three RP plantations. The advance of the wetting front was depicted, and the total cumulative water infiltration was measured. Soil moisture was mainly replenished by eight heavy rainfall events(mean rainfall amount = 46.3 mm), accounting for 88.7% of the rainfall during the growing season. The mean soil moisture content profiles of RP plantations at the three restoration stages were ordered as 30-yr(14.07%) > 20-yr(10.12%) > 15-yr(8.03%), and this relationship displayed temporal stability. Soil moisture was primarily replenished by rainfall at the 0-60 cm soil depth, and soil moisture remained stable below the 100-cm soil depth. The rainfall regime influenced the advancement of the wetting front. Here, a single rainfall event of 30 mm was the rainfall threshold for infiltration into the 60-cm soil layer. The total infiltration time ranged from 310.5-322.0 h, but no significant differences were found among RP plantations at different restoration stages. You

关键词： artificial-forest ecosystem hilly-gully area restoration stages soil water replenishment rainfall regimes rainfall event

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Impacts of Drought and Human Activity on Vegetation Growth in the Grain for Green Program Region,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第3期28卷 470-481页

作者： WANG Hao liU Guohua li zongshan YE Xin FU Bojie LV Yihe Department of Geography School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal University State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection

The Chinese government adopted six ecological restoration programs to improve its natural environments. Although these programs have proven successful in improving local environments, some studies have questioned their performance when regions suffer from drought. Whether we should consider the effects of drought on vegetation change in assessments of the benefits of ecological restoration programs is unclear. Therefore, taking the Grain for Green Program(GGP) region as a study area, we estimated vegetation growth in the region from 2000–2010 to clarify the trends in vegetation and their driving forces. Results showed that: 1) vegetation growth increased in the GGP region during 2000–2010, with 59.4% of the area showing an increase in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI). This confirmed the benefits of the ecological restoration program. 2) Drought can affect the vegetation change trend, but human activity plays a significant role in altering vegetation growth, and the slight downward trend in the NDVI was not consistent with the severity of the drought. Positive human activity led to increased NDVI in 89.13% of areas. Of these, 22.52% suffered drought, but positive human activity offset the damage in part. 3) Results of this research suggest that appropriate human activity can maximize the benefits of ecological restoration programs and minimize the effects of extreme weather. We therefore recommend incorporating eco-risk assessment and scientific management mechanisms in the design and management of ecosystem restoration programs.

关键词： Grain for Green Program Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) climate fluctuation human activity China

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Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in Semi-arid Grassland in Inner Mongolia, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第4期24卷 479-487页

作者： WU Xing li zongshan FU Bojie LU Fei WANG Dongbo liU Huifeng liU Guohua State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Environmental Monitoring Center of Hulun Buir

The semi-arid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China have been degraded by long-term grazing. A series of ecological restoration strategies have been implemented to improve grassland service. However, little is known about the effect of these ecological restoration practices on soil carbon and nitrogen storage. In this study, characteristics of vegetation and soil properties under continued grazing and exclusion of livestock for six years due to a nationwide conservation program—′Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands(RGLG)′ were examined in semi-arid Hulun Buir grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. The results show that removal of grazing for six years resulted in a significant recovery in vegetation with higher above and below-ground biomass, but a lower soil bulk density and pH value. After six years of grazing exclusion, soil organic C and total N storage increased by 13.9% and 17.1%, respectively, which could be partly explained by decreased loss and increased input of C and N to soil. The effects of grazing exclusion on soil C and N concentration and storage primarily occurred in the upper soil depths. The results indicate that removal of grazing pressure within the RGLG program was an effective restoration approach to control grassland degradation in this region. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the RGLG program and to improve the management strategies for grassland restoration in this area.

关键词： grazing exclusion soil carbon storage soil nitrogen storage grassland management Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands(RGLG) program semi-arid grassland Hulun Buir grassland

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Divergent driving mechanisms of community temporal stability in China's drylands

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 237-246页

作者： Kai Wang Cong Wang Bojie Fu Jianbei Huang Fangli Wei Xuejing Leng Xiaoming Feng zongshan li Wei Jiang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Hans-Kn€oll-Str.1007745JenaGermany Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Shaanxi Yan'an Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Beijing100085China National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Xi'an710061China

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are reshaping dryland ecosystems globally at an unprecedented pace,jeopardizing their *** stability of these ecosystems is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and supporting local ***,the mechanisms governing their stability are poorly understood,largely due to the scarcity of comprehensive field *** we show the patterns of community temporal stability and its determinants across an aridity spectrum by integrating a transect survey across China's drylands with remote *** results revealed a U-shaped relationship between community temporal stability and aridity,with a pivotal shift occurring around an aridity level of *** less arid areas(aridity level below 0.88),enhanced precipitation and biodiversity were associated with increased community productivity and ***,in more arid zones(aridity level above 0.88),elevated soil organic carbon and biodiversity were linked to greater fluctuations in community productivity and reduced *** study identifies a critical aridity threshold that precipitates significant changes in community stability in China's drylands,underscoring the importance of distinct mechanisms driving ecosystem stability in varying aridity *** insights are pivotal for developing informed ecosystem management and policy strategies tailored to the unique challenges of dryland conservation.

关键词： Dryland ecosystems Community stability Ecosystem management Species richness Aridity threshold

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Exposures to temperature beyond threshold disproportionately reduce vegetation growth in the northern hemisphere

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 786-795页

作者： Xiuchen Wu Weichao Guo Hongyan liu Xiaoyan li Changhui Peng Craig D.Allen Cicheng Zhang Pei Wang Tingting Pei Yujun Ma Yuhong Tian Zhaoliang Song Wenquan Zhu Yang Wang zongshan li Deliang Chen State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University College of Urban and Environmental Science Peking University Institute of Environment Sciences University of Quebec at Montreal US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterJemez Mountains Field Station Institute of the Surface-Earth System Science Research Tianjin University State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Gothenburg

In recent decades, terrestrial vegetation in the northern hemisphere(NH) has been exposed to warming and more extremely high temperatures. However, the consequences of these changes for terrestrial vegetation growth remain poorly quantified and understood. By examining a satellite-based vegetation index, tree-ring measurements and land-surface model simulations, we discovered a consistent convex pattern in the responses of vegetation growth to temperature exposure(TE) for forest, shrub and grass in both the temperate(30?-50?N) and boreal(50?-70?N) NH during the period of 1982-2012. The response of vegetation growth to TE for the three vegetation types in both the temperate and boreal NH increased convergently with increasing temperature, until vegetation type-dependent temperature thresholds were reached. A TE beyond these temperature thresholds resulted in disproportionately weak positive or even strong negative responses. Vegetation growth in the boreal NH was more vulnerable to extremely high-temperature events than vegetation growth in the temporal NH. The non-linear responses discovered here provide new insights into the dynamics of northern terrestrial ecosystems in a warmer world.

关键词： temperature exposure vegetation growth extremely high temperature non-linear response temperate and boreal northern hemisphere

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