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Degradation of corn stalk by the composite microbial system of MC1

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第1期20卷 109-114页

作者： GUO Peng WANG Xiaofen ZHU Wanbin YANG Hongyan CHENG Xu cui zongjun College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System Ministry of Agriculture of China Belting 100094 China Center of Biomass Engineering China Agricultural University Beifing 100094 China

The composite microbial system of MC1 was used to degrade corn stalk in order to determine properties of the degraded products as well as bacterial composition of MC1. Results indicated that the pH of the fermentation broth was typical of lignocellulose degradation by MC1, decreasing in the early phase and increasing in later stages of the degradation. The microbial biomass peaked on the day 3 after degradation. The MC1 efficiently degraded the corn stalk by nearly 70% during which its cellulose content decreased by 71.2%, hemicellulose by 76.5% and lignin by 24.6%. The content of water-soluble carbohydrates （WSC） in the fermentation broth increased progressively during the first three days, and decreased thereafter, suggesting an accumulation of WSC in the early phase of the degradation process. Total levels of various volatile products peaked in the third day after degradation, and 7 types of volatile products were detected in the fermentation broth. These were ethanol, acetic acid, 1,2-ethanediol, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3- methyl-butanoic acid and glycerine. Six major compounds were quantitatively analysed and the contents of each compound were ethanol （0.584 g/L）, acetic acid （0.735 g/L）, 1,2-ethanediol （0.772 g/L）, propanoic acid （0.026 g/L）, butanoic acid （0.018 g/L） and glycerine （4.203 g/L）. Characterization of bacterial cells collected from the culture solution, based on 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE analysis of DNAs, showed that the composition of bacterial community in MC1 coincided basically with observations from previous studies. This indicated that the structure of MC1 is very stable during degradation of different lignocellulose materials.

关键词： corn stalk cellulose degradation composite microbial system MC1

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Characterization of the effective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第4期23卷 649-655页

作者： Yucai Lv Xiaofen Wang Ning Li Xiaojuan Wang Masaharu Ishii Yasuo Igarashi zongjun cui Alan G. MacDiarmid Research Institute of Renewable Energy China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo I-I-I Yayoi Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan

An efficient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of effective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose （80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture）. The highest efficiency value of the endocellulase （CMCase activity） was 0.404 μmol/（min·mL）, cellulose degradation efficiency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50–65°C with the highest degradation efficiency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C. thermocellum is unable to do so.

关键词： cellulose-degrading bacterium cellulose degradation capability anaerobic bacterium Clostridium

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Microbial population dynamics and changes in main nutrients during the acidification process of pig manures

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期23卷 497-505页

作者： Dongdong Zhang Xufeng Yuan Peng Guo Yali Suo Xiaofen Wang Weidong Wang zongjun cui College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China College of Life Science Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China

This study evaluated the impact of pig manure acidification on anaerobic treatment and composition of the fecal microbial community. According to the different chemical oxygen demand （COD） in the anaerobic treatment processes, pig manure was diluted 4 times （×4）, 16 times （×16）, or 64 times （×64） and subjected to acidification. During the acidification process, pH, soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD）, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） were determined along with microbial population dynamics. The pH of the three dilutions first declined, and then slowly increased. The total VFAs of x4 and xl6 dilutions peaked on day 15 and 20, respectively. The content of acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid and valeric acid of the × 4 dilution were 23.6, 11.4, 8.8 and 0.6 g/L respectively, and that of the xl6 dilution was 5.6, 2.3, 0.9 and 0.2 g/L respectively. Only acetic acid was detected in the ×64 dilution, and its level peaked on day 10. The results showed that the liquid pig manure was more suitable to enter the anaerobic methanogenic hioreactors after two weeks of acidification. During the acidification process, total P concentration increased during the first ten days, then dropped sharply, and rose again to a relatively high final concentration, while total N concentration rose initially and then declined. Based on the analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and 16S rRNA gene clone library, we concluded that the acidification process reduced the number of pathogenic bacteria species in pig manure.

关键词： pig manure acidification microbial population dynamics

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论另类非常规天然气——生物天然气的开发

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天然气工业 2013年第1期33卷 137-144页

作者：程序崔宗均朱万斌中国农业大学生物质工程中心

非常规天然气目前已成为热门话题,在调研分析的基础上,论述了又一种已经初露锋芒、但在我国还远远未被重视的非常规天然气——生物天然气。任何有机物在无氧条件下,都可发生微生物厌氧发酵而产生沼气,再经过净化和提纯,就成为与常规天... 详细信息

非常规天然气目前已成为热门话题,在调研分析的基础上,论述了又一种已经初露锋芒、但在我国还远远未被重视的非常规天然气——生物天然气。任何有机物在无氧条件下,都可发生微生物厌氧发酵而产生沼气,再经过净化和提纯,就成为与常规天然气完全同质的生物天然气(Bio-Natural Gas),又称生物甲烷(Biomethane)。其实质是将需要几亿年地质过程才能完成产生天然气的过程,压缩到几个月乃至更短的时间。在最近不到20年内,生物天然气在欧盟国家已发展成具相当规模的产业。与页岩气和煤层气相比,其技术成熟度和经济可行性更为优越:能够大量地提供任何可再生能源均无法提供的实物态车用燃料和燃气,而且是碳"零排放"乃至"负排放"的。我国生物天然气的资源非常丰富,近中期内有年产1 500×108 m3以上的潜力,但迄未引起足够的重视。创建若干个1 0×108 m3级的生物天然气"绿色气田",对从根本上破除对产业沼气的偏见、大幅度减少温室气体排放量以及提高能源自给率都具有重大现实意义。

关键词：中国生物天然气产业沼气非常规天然气 “绿色气田” 技术成熟度经济可行性

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呼之欲出的中国生物天然气战略性新兴产业

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天然气工业 2013年第9期33卷 141-148页

作者：程序崔宗均朱万斌中国农业大学生物质工程中心

生物天然气能源具有低成本、绿色、清洁、环保、可持续性等优势,是替代汽油、天然气、石油液化气和煤炭等最好的生物质可再生能源。鉴于欧盟国家近年来成功开发车用生物天然气的经验,为推动我国生物天然气产业的发展,分析了当前我国在... 详细信息

生物天然气能源具有低成本、绿色、清洁、环保、可持续性等优势,是替代汽油、天然气、石油液化气和煤炭等最好的生物质可再生能源。鉴于欧盟国家近年来成功开发车用生物天然气的经验,为推动我国生物天然气产业的发展,分析了当前我国在这个领域存在的5大问题(中国传统沼气产业的转型升级、新型城镇化难题、温室气体减排、治霾问题、提高能源自给)。结果表明:生物天然气车用时比汽油、柴油及常规天然气能更有效地减少汽车尾气CO2和致霾物的排放,在当前我国面临石油和天然气对外依存度急剧上升,迅速增加的机动车已成为大中城市雾霾天气的"罪魁祸首",农民苦于找不到能长久居"卖方市场"产品的大背景下,应尽快开发我国的生物天然气产业。进一步介绍了欧盟各国成功开发、应用生物天然气能源的经验和做法,剖析了中国沼气行业当前陷入重重困境的根源。结论认为:国家能源主管部门应抓住难得的机遇,做出规划,制定扶持政策;沼气企业和技术人员要更新观念,推进传统沼气工程的转型和技术升级,以建成生物天然气战略性新兴产业。

关键词：沼气转型车用生物天然气霾治理碳减排多功能战略性新兴产业欧盟国家中国

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Preparation of Rice Seedling-raising Substrate with Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus eryngii

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2016年第2期17卷 476-480页

作者： Dan ZHENG Yi WANG Chunxia ZHAO Jinguo CHEN Wei CHENG Peng GUO zongjun cui Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology Research Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 China Guangxi Soil and Fertilizer Station Nanning 530007 China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

This study aimed to explore the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate(SMS) of Pleurotus eryngii as a basic material on rice seedling-raising substrate. The physical and chemical indices of the SMS indicated that the fermented SMS was fully composted and was very suitable for preparing rice seedling-raising substrate. The fermented SMS effectively regulated the bulk density, total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity of rice seedling-raising substrate. With the increased addition amount of fermented SMS, the bulk density of rice seedling-raising substrate was decreased, but the total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity were increased. Compared with those in the substrates of 100% soil and 100% SMS,the height, chlorophyll content, 100-shoot dry weight, 100-root dry weight, root activity, nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content of rice seedlings in the substrate composed of spent mushroom substrate of P. eryngii and soil were *** quality of rice seedlings in the substrate composed of 20% soil and 80% SMS was best, followed by that in the substrate composed of 30% soil and 70% SMS.

关键词： Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus eryngii Compost Rice Seedling substrate

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Effect of Spent Mushroom Substrate on Physical and Chemical Properties and Enzymic Activity of Rice

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Asian Agricultural Research 2016年第6期8卷 65-67,72页

作者： Hairu YU Xue LI Xin ZHANG Changming GE Renzhe PIAO Meishan LI zongjun cui Hongyan ZHAO Yanbian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Agricultural College Yanbian University College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University

In order to explore the substitution substrate for rice seedling on upland fields,this paper uses spent mushroom substrate to study the physical and chemical properties of substrate,enzymic activity and number of tillers during the cultivation of rice seedling on upland *** results show that at the three stages of rice seedling cultivation( two-leaf stage,three-leaf stage,four-leaf stage),the content of organic matter and EC in spent mushroom substrate is higher than in the control soil,p H is within the range suitable for the growth of rice,and other nutrients( total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus) are slightly different in different periods;except phosphatase,there are significant differences in urease,catalase and sucrase between spent mushroom substrate and the control soil; the number of tillers under spent mushroom substrate is larger than under the control.

关键词： Spent mushroom substrate Rice Physical and chemical indicators Enzymic activity

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Cryogenian and Ediacaran integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 919-949页

作者： Lang SUN Malik Muhammad Saud Sajid KHAN Chuan YANG Zhixin SUN Bing PAN Shehryar AHMED Lanyun MIAO Weichen SUN Chunlin HU Xiaojuan SUN cui LUO Bo CHEN zongjun YIN Fangchen ZHAO Guoxiang LI Maoyan ZHU State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The complex evolutionary history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas,including the continental blocks(Indian,Lhasa,South Qiangtang,Tarim,Olongbuluk,Central Qilian,Alxa,North China,Yangtze,Central Iran and Oman)and the orogenic belts between them,has long been the frontier in Earth science *** Cryogenian and Ediacaran strata are extensively distributed in these ***,relatively complete Cryogenian and Ediacaran successions have been discovered in Oman,Indian,Yangtze,and Tarim blocks,while only the Ediacaran successions have been reported in Iran,the South Qiangtang,Central Qilian,Alxa,and North China *** on previous studies together with the integration of new materials and advancement obtained through the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,this review aims to synthesize a correlative stratigraphic framework of the representative Cryogenian and Ediacaran sequences from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding ***,the Cryogenian and Ediacaran biotas and major geological events in these areas are comprehensively discussed in aspects of current research *** results indicate that,in general,Ediacaran fossils of each area exhibit distinct features in preservation and assemblage composition,but the typical late Ediacaran fossils Cloudina and Shaanxilithes have been reported from most of these *** addition to the two global Cryogenian glaciations,late Ediacaran glaciogenic deposits are extensively recorded in the areas within and around the northern QinghaiTibetan Plateau(including the North China,Alxa,Central Qilian,Olongbuluk,and Tarim blocks,and the North Qilian Accretionary Belt),as well as central and southern ***,further research is required to determine the age,distribution,and origin of these late Ediacaran glaciogenic ***,the middle Ediacaran DOUNCE/Shuram Excursion is widely documented in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surroundi

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Cryogenian Ediacaran Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Biota Gondwana

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低温环境中乳酸菌的开发利用

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微生物学报 2008年第1期48卷 132-137页

作者：杨洪岩王小芬崔宗均中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院北京100094

乳酸菌作为一种益生资源,越来越为人们所重视。在自然界存在的乳酸菌中,有一类虽然人们一直在利用,但是还没有充分的研究和开发,这类乳酸菌就是低温环境中生长的乳酸菌。国外目前所见有关低温乳酸菌的报道多集中于低温冷藏肉、鱼制品及... 详细信息

乳酸菌作为一种益生资源,越来越为人们所重视。在自然界存在的乳酸菌中,有一类虽然人们一直在利用,但是还没有充分的研究和开发,这类乳酸菌就是低温环境中生长的乳酸菌。国外目前所见有关低温乳酸菌的报道多集中于低温冷藏肉、鱼制品及泡菜中的乳酸菌,集中研究和应用的菌属主要包括Leuconostoc和Lactobacillus,而国内这方面的研究并不多见。笔者根据目前国内外低温乳酸菌的研究现状,阐述了其存在环境、种类及相应作用,并对其研究涉及的领域、趋势及应用前景进行了探讨和展望,以期为国内这类乳酸菌资源的研究开发提供参考和依据。

关键词：低温乳酸菌发酵食品冷藏

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三组微生物菌群分解油菜秸秆的消化液性质比较

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农业工程学报 2012年第3期28卷 210-214页

作者：吕育财崔宗均王小芬李宁龚大春三峡大学艾伦麦克德尔米德再生能源研究所宜昌443002 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院北京100193 三峡大学水利与环境学院宜昌443002

利用微生物对秸秆进行酸化前处理能够有效提高秸秆甲烷发酵效率。该文以探索不同微生物菌群对秸秆消化过程的影响为目的,利用3组不同的菌群(纤维素分解菌群MC1、纤维素分解菌群WDC2以及牛粪菌群(CD))消化油菜秸秆,通过监测消化液的性质... 详细信息

利用微生物对秸秆进行酸化前处理能够有效提高秸秆甲烷发酵效率。该文以探索不同微生物菌群对秸秆消化过程的影响为目的,利用3组不同的菌群(纤维素分解菌群MC1、纤维素分解菌群WDC2以及牛粪菌群(CD))消化油菜秸秆,通过监测消化液的性质变化,评价不同菌群对油菜秸秆酸化前处理的效果。结果表明,菌群WDC2、MC1、CD均能有效地提高油菜秸秆消化效率(油菜秸秆分解率分别为46.77%、44.28%和43.40%),相比于未加入外源菌的对照处理,分解率提高12.21%～15.58%。WDC2和MC1能有效地提高消化液中的化学需氧量(COD),在分解的48h,2组菌群的COD比未加入外源菌群处理分别提高9.13%和7.83%。CD不能提高培养液中的COD含量。此外,相比与MC1与CD,WDC2能够更好的维持培养液内的可溶性糖含量。可见,3组菌群均能够促进油菜秸秆消化分解,纤维素分解菌群WDC2具有更好的油菜秸秆分解活性和COD溶出能力,优于其他2组菌群。

关键词：农业废弃物发酵沼气菌群油菜秸秆消化

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